Presentation for the ECOTER commission, Malaga, October 2014

The ESPON “ITAN” project: an Integrated Territorial Analysis of the Neighbourhoods

ESPON: the European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion (DG REGIO + Member States) ITAN project: http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_AppliedResearch/itan.html

Scientific coordinator: Pierre BECKOUCHE, CIST, pierre.beckouche@univ-paris1.frProject manager: Pierre BESNARD, CIST, manager@itan-espon.eu

1. Importance of the Neighbourhoods for Europe

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Internationalisation = globalisation + regionalisation

Rise of World Regions: North America (Nafta), East Asia (“Asean+5”), etc. de facto regionalisation of migratory & economic international exchangesin last decades, international trade flows within Regions have more increased than with rest of the world

rise of regionalismRegional Trade Agreements...

regionalisation of minds international institutions and think tanks figure out internationalisation through the Regional pattern

New status of the “Neighbour” no more the historical enemy but the necessary partner for common resources

Stake for Europe: a wider Region with its emerging and developing neighboursThe European Neighbourhood Policy (2007)2020 Strategy (“opportunities for both the EU and its neighbours”), Cohesion Policy, Territorial AgendaESPON: Europe In The World, TIGER, TERCO, BSR-TeMo, ESaTDOR, and ITAN (2012-2014)

2. Importance of the territorial approach for the ENCs

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International “on-the-ground” cooperation when diplomacy is stallinge.g. decentralised cooperation

In particular, common policies and projects in the field of environmentEU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR)the Northern Dimension policysanitation, de-pollution of the Mediterranean...

Promotion of territorial planning, decentralisation & local democracy in ENCssee the strong demand for inclusive growth since the Arab Spring

cross-border opportunities for the peripheral European territories

extension of the European networkse.g. transport: market extension, norms extension….

monitoring of European policies thanks to a better knowledge of the ENRse.g. rural development: ENPARD project (ENPARD = CAP 2nd pillar + ENP)

3. ITAN as a very first step

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ITAN hypotheses:1) ESPON territory + Neighbourhoods = one common Region2) this wider region shows bigger opportunities than threats

ITAN key objectives and policy questions:1) providing European stakeholders with a comprehensive view of our Region

instead of scattered visions (Balkans/Adriatic/Maghreb/Near-East…; energy/agriculture/transports...)

2) assessing the territorial integration between Europe & its Neighbourhood3) building a sustainable local database compliant with European databases4) providing policy orientations toward a deeper regional integration

ITAN consortium:1) CNRS / “CIST” (International College of Territorial Sciences, France, www.gis-cist.fr)2) IGEAT – Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium (http://igeat.ulb.ac.be)3) NORDREGIO – Stockholm, Sweden (www.nordregio.se)4) MCRIT – Barcelona, Spain (www.mcrit.com) 5) + close cooperation with a network of scientists of all the Neighbour countries.

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3. ITAN as a very first step

High education level in active population, ca 2010 Demographic evolution, 2000-2010

ITAN achievements: a comprehensive view of our wider Region

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ITAN achievements: a comprehensive view of our wider Region

3. ITAN as a very first step

The energy networks as a strategic driver of the economic regional integration, ca 2010

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Demographic density &main transport network Connectivity

3. ITAN as a very first step

ITAN achievements: a comprehensive view of our wider Region

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In the Neighbourhoods, accessibility enlarges potential markets in the dense coastal areas (e.g. Egyptian delta)High accessibility in the costal Maghreb, namely thanks to the proximity of EuropeanBlack Sea area as a quite high accessibility spot (from Istanbul region to South Ukraine)

Accessible population within 3 hours

3. ITAN as a very first step

ITAN achievements: a comprehensive view of our wider Region

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highlights the agglomeration effects: the areas where airports and ports are located benefit from these infrastructures as a motor to participate in the global economyResult: impressive position of North-Western TurkeyResult: international openness of Israeli territoriesResult: low international openness of the Maghreban territories despite their high potential accessibility to the European territory

Geography of international opennessSNUTS 2 level, around 2010

ITAN achievements: an “International openness” index

3. ITAN as a very first step

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International Port traffic, 2012 Values weighted by the time-distance to Ports

Weighted by time-distance to international transport facilities approach:

highlights accessibility: territories can benefit from large infrastructures if they have a short time-distance access to it Result: except Croatia, the Western Balkans are poorly connected to international trafficResult: the long distances penalise the Russian territoriesResult: strong position of the major part of Turkey except the Eastern partResult: large relegated territories in Maghreb except Northern Morocco

3. ITAN as a very first step

ITAN achievements: an “International openness” index

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National disparities, e.g. Russia v. UkraineIsrael v. rest of Near-East

Regional disparities, e.g. Mediterranean Western Balkans v. hinterlandsWestern Turkey v. rest of countryGreater Tunis v. rest of countryNorthern & central Algeria v. South

Littoral v. hinterland issue

Local Human Development Index: territorial discrepancies

ITAN achievements: a local HDI to measure inclusive growth

3. ITAN as a very first step

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3. ITAN as a very first step

Foreign Direct Investments, 2008-2012

ITAN achievements: a renewed vision of business opportunities

FDI in Aeronautics & transport eqpt, biotech, business services & software. Source: FDI 2008-12 Anima–MIPO

Local FDI in Mediterranean ENCs. Not only large urban areas, not only low tech

4. What remains to be done

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1. Further issues to address

A “Neighbourhoods Territorial Agenda”giving a comprehensive view of stakes, EU’s actions & territorial prospects in this wide area

Further researches on the Neighbourhoods: ten key topics1) Fuzzy borders, contested territories, minorities2) SNUTS / LAU and the urban issue in the ENRs3) Deepening the ITAN composite indicators4) Territorial analysis of regionalisation and regionalism5) Energy and territories in the Mediterranean area6) Territorial capital of the Arctic7) Impact of the actual and foreseeable climate change on the ENRs8) Cooperation in water and sanitation in the Neighbour territories9) Media and territorial representations10) Gender, education and job issue

4. What remains to be done

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2. A need to complete the ITAN data collection Environment (local climate change, water issue…), health, urban space, etc.

3. A partnership Eurostat + national statistics bodies + researchers’ networkgeometries changesquality of data (local documentation of informal activity…)stability in sources’ reliabilitycomparability of data !collaborative tools in GIS and interactive cartographycapacity building in the field of local data production and collectionbetter cooperation between different public local data producers of a same country

Next steps: importance of the two ITAN dissemination eventBrussels (12th November 2014) Bxls stakeholdersBarcelona (27th November 2014) Euro-Mediterranean issues and data issue

Ecoter representatives are most welcome !