The English Civil War

By Samantha & Zhuojing

The English Civil War Several battles between Parliamentarians and Royalists

Occurred between 1642 and 1651 The First English Civil War of 1642–1646, The Second English Civil War of 1648–1649, The Third English Civil War of 1649–1651.

Began on Nottingham on August 22, 1642, and ended at the Battle of Worcester fought on September 3, 1651.

Parliamentarians and Royalists

ROYALISTS Royalists were King Charles I and his supporters fighting for traditional government in Church and State. His "Wellington Declaration", was that he would uphold the "Protestant religion, the laws of England, and the liberty of Parliament".

PARLIMENTARIANS Parliamentarians defended a traditional balance of government in Church and State.

King Charles I King of England, Scotland and Ireland Caused the first civil war by going against Parliament and lost. He then attempted an alliance with Scotland and ran away which provoked a Second Civil War where he was captured. He was on trial by the 59 Commissioners that found him guilty of high treason,as a "tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy". His was beheaded for the Church of England in

front of the Banqueting House of the Palace of Whitehall on 30 January 1649.

His son, Charles II became King under the new found monarch.

The cause of the English Civil War was for Political and Religious

reasons.

Causes of the Civil War

The First Civil War

Civil War in England and Wales between the supporters of King Charles and Parliament

In 1645 Parliament reaffirmed its

determination to fight the war and

formed the New Model Army led by Sir Thomas Fairfax

The transition of territory held by Royalists (red) and Parliamentarians (green)

The Second Civil War Took place in England and Wales Conflict between Royalists, Scots and Presbyterians against the New Model Army

After King Charles was handed over to the English Parliament in January 1647, Presbyterian Model Parliaments attempted to break up the New Model Army.

Charles made a deal with the Scots, promising to impose Presbyterianism in England so he could have a Scottish army to regain his throne.

The Third Civil War Took place in Dunbar, Inverkeithing and Worcester

England was declared a republican Commonwealth after Charles’ time.

King Charles II plottedto regain the throne of the three Kingdoms

The Commonwealth sent an army to Ireland under the command of Oliver Cromwell, who succeeded in defeating the Royalists.

Cromwell's victory at Worcester brought the British Civil Wars to an end.

Civil War BattlesAugust 22, 1642, Charles I of England commences his The First Civil War at Nottingham.September 23, 1642, Battle of Powick Bridge. October 23, 1642, Battle of Edgehill November 12, 1642, Battle of Brentford.March 19, 1643, Battle of Hopton HeathJune 18, 1643, Battle of Chalgrove field John Hampden killedJune 30, 1643, Battle of Adwalton Moor July 5, 1643, Battle of Lansdowne fought near bath July 13, 1643, Battle of Roundway Down fought near Devizes September 20, 1643, first battle of newbury October 11, 1643, Battle of WincebyThe Scots marched south and joined Parliament's army threatening York. January 26, 1644, Battle of Nantwich March 29, 1644, Battle of Cheriton June 29, 1644, Battle of Cropredy Bridge July 2, 1644, Battle of Marston Moor October 27, Second Battle of Newbury September 13, Second Battle of AberdeenMay 9, 1645, Battle of AuldearnJune 16, 1645, Battle of NasebyJuly 2, 1645, Battle of Alford August 15, 1645, Battle of Kilsyth September 13, 1645, Battle of PhiliphaughSeptember 24, 1645, Battle of Rowton HeathOctober 1645, fear of royalist attack in south LincolnshireCharles went to Welbeck, NottinghamshireDecember 17, 1645 siege of Hereford ended with the surrender of Royalist Garrison.January 18, 1646, siege of Dartmouth ended with the surrender of Royalist Garrison.

February 3, 1646, siege of Chester ended with the surrender of Royalist Garrison after a 136-day siege. February 16, 1646, Battle of Torrington victory for the New Model Army March 10, 1646, Ralph Hopton surrenders the royalist army at Tresillian Bridge in Cornwall. March 21, 1646, battle of Stow-on-the-Wold the last pitched battle of the first civil war is a victory for the New Model Army May 5, 1646, Charles surrendered to a Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire April 13, 1646, Siege of Exeter ended with the surrender of Royalist Garrison. May 6, 1646, Newark fell to the Parliamentarians June 24, 1646, siege of oxford ended with the surrender of Royalist Garrison. July 22, 1646, siege of Worcester ended with the surrender of Royalist Garrison. July 27, 1646 after a 65-day siege Wallingford castle, the last English royalist stronghold, surrenders to sir Thomas Fairfax.August 19, 1647, Royalist Garrison of Raglan Castle surrendered August 31, 1647, Montrose escaped from the highlands March 13, 1647, Harlech Castle the last royalist stronghold surrendered to the Parliamentary forces.May 8, 1648, Battle of St. Fagans May 16 – July 11, 1648, Siege of Pembroke June 24, 1648, Battle of Maidstone June 13 – August 28, 1648, Siege of Colchester August 17 – August 19, 1648 Battle of Preston January 20, 1649, the trial of Charles IJanuary 30, 1649, Charles I of England executedDecember 1, 1650, Battle of HietonSeptember 3, 1650, Battle of DunbarJuly 20, 1651, Battle of Inverkeithing August 25, 1651 Battle of Wigan LaneSeptember 3, 1651, Battle of Worcester

Major Battles Nottingham August 22, 1642

the start of The First Civil War

The Battle of Naseby 14th June 1645 lasted three hours after the Parliaments had lured Charles and the Royalist to battle. The Royalists were defeated and soldiers were killed or taken prisoner. Charles fled.

Battle of Worcester September 3, 1651 the end of The Thrid Civil War

Where The Battles Took Place

Results of the English Civil War Replacement of the English monarchy with first the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653)

The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England came to an end,

The wars left England, Scotland and Ireland amongst the few countries in Europe without a monarch.

Set England and Scotland on course to adopt a parliamentary monarchy form of government. This system would result in the outcome that the future Kingdom of Great Britain, formed in 1707

Bibliography

http://worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar724417&st=english+civil+war

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War

http://www.reference.com/search?q=English%20Civil%20War

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Model_Army

http://www.historyonthenet.com/Civil_War/civil_war_battles.htm