Events leading to English Civil War
26
The Stuart Dynasty and the seeds of the English Civil War
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Transcript of Events leading to English Civil War
The Stuart Dynastyand the seeds of the
English Civil War
The Stuart Dynastyand the seeds of the
English Civil War
King James VI of Scotland
King James VI of Scotland
becomes King James I of England
Rules from 1603-1625
becomes King James I of England
Rules from 1603-1625
James I, Who art thou?
James I, Who art thou?
Son of Mary, Queen of Scots
Was King of Scotland during Queen Elizabeth’s reign
Inherited English throne after Elizabeth dies in 1603
Son of Mary, Queen of Scots
Was King of Scotland during Queen Elizabeth’s reign
Inherited English throne after Elizabeth dies in 1603
King James’ I
philosophy
King James’ I
philosophyBelieved in the “divine
right of kings”
The King did not have to answer to Parliament
because his power came from God
Believed in the “divine right of kings”
The King did not have to answer to Parliament
because his power came from God
King James’ I Problems
King James’ I Problems
Fought with Parliament over money
Parliament felt that the Church of England was too
Catholic, King James thought it was none of their
business!
Fought with Parliament over money
Parliament felt that the Church of England was too
Catholic, King James thought it was none of their
business!
King James’ I major
accomplishment
King James’ I major
accomplishment
James I had Biblical scholars create a new
translation of the Bible in 1611
The King James Bible is still widely read today
James I had Biblical scholars create a new
translation of the Bible in 1611
The King James Bible is still widely read today
James I died in 1625, his son Charles follows him
as king
James I died in 1625, his son Charles follows him
as king
Charles ICharles IRuled as King from 1625-
1649Ruled as King from 1625-
1649
Problems for Charles I
Problems for Charles I
Was too proud, had little common sense, and
always needed money
Constantly arguing with Parliament about financial
matters
Was too proud, had little common sense, and
always needed money
Constantly arguing with Parliament about financial
matters
Charles I needed money from Parliament to fight wars in Europe in 1628
Charles I needed money from Parliament to fight wars in Europe in 1628
Parliament would grant money to
Charles I only if he signed
the Petition of Right
Parliament would grant money to
Charles I only if he signed
the Petition of Right
Under the Petition of Right,
Charles I promised not to:Under the Petition of Right,
Charles I promised not to:
*Imprison people without cause
*Tax people without consent of Parliament
*Force homeowners to house soldiers
*Impose martial law during peacetime
*Imprison people without cause
*Tax people without consent of Parliament
*Force homeowners to house soldiers
*Impose martial law during peacetime
More problems with
Parliament
More problems with
Parliamentthis time over religion in
1639this time over religion in
1639
Charles I appointed William Laud Archbishop
Charles I appointed William Laud Archbishop
Laud forced Scottish Protestants to adopt Catholic practices
Scotland threatened to invade England
Laud forced Scottish Protestants to adopt Catholic practices
Scotland threatened to invade England
Rather than granting money to
Charles I, Parliament began limiting his power
Rather than granting money to
Charles I, Parliament began limiting his power
In 1642, Charles I tried to arrest the leaders of Parliament, but was
unable to
In 1642, Charles I tried to arrest the leaders of Parliament, but was
unable to
Charles I was forced to retreat to the north of England in 1642
where he still had supporters. This was the beginning
of.................
Charles I was forced to retreat to the north of England in 1642
where he still had supporters. This was the beginning
of.................
The English Civil War
The English Civil War
Royalists or Cavaliers were loyal to King Charles I, these were
mainly nobles and church officials
Royalists or Cavaliers were loyal to King Charles I, these were
mainly nobles and church officials
Roundheads fought
against Charles I Roundheads fought
against Charles I These were mainly
Puritans and supporters of Parliament who did not want a King to rule with
absolute power
These were mainly Puritans and supporters of
Parliament who did not want a King to rule with
absolute power
King Charles I and the Cavaliers controlled most of the land of England and had more
experienced military leaders
King Charles I and the Cavaliers controlled most of the land of England and had more
experienced military leaders
Parliament and the Roundheads had more money, but needed a military leader to lead
them in battle
When that military leader appeared, the Roundheads became unstoppable
Parliament and the Roundheads had more money, but needed a military leader to lead
them in battle
When that military leader appeared, the Roundheads became unstoppable
Oliver Cromwell leads the
Roundheads
Oliver Cromwell leads the
Roundheads
Cromwell convinced his soldiers that God was on
their side
His New Model Army defeated the King’s forces in 1646. 100,000 died in
the war.
Cromwell convinced his soldiers that God was on
their side
His New Model Army defeated the King’s forces in 1646. 100,000 died in
the war.
But Cromwell wanted more!!But Cromwell
wanted more!!
He refuses to break up his army
In 1648 he marches into London and takes control
of Parliament
He refuses to break up his army
In 1648 he marches into London and takes control
of Parliament
Charles I on trial
Charles I on trial
In 1649, Charles I is put on trial in Parliament
He is found guilty of being a traitor
He is executed in public in January 1649
In 1649, Charles I is put on trial in Parliament
He is found guilty of being a traitor
He is executed in public in January 1649
Cromwell as Lord ProtectorCromwell as
Lord ProtectorCromwell rules England as a military
dictator
Puritanical rule closed theatres and made “merrymaking” a crime
Cromwell and the Puritans would quickly wear out their welcome
Cromwell rules England as a military dictator
Puritanical rule closed theatres and made “merrymaking” a crime
Cromwell and the Puritans would quickly wear out their welcome
Cromwell invades Ireland
Cromwell invades Ireland
In 1649, Cromwell invades Ireland and slaughters Catholic priests
Irish lands are taken away and given to
the English
More than 500,000 Irish died from famine and plague between 1641-1652
In 1649, Cromwell invades Ireland and slaughters Catholic priests
Irish lands are taken away and given to
the English
More than 500,000 Irish died from famine and plague between 1641-1652
Death of CromwellDeath of Cromwell
Cromwell ruled England until his death in 1658
His brother Richard succeeded him but was unpopular
English people wanted to have a king again and would have one soon enough
Cromwell ruled England until his death in 1658
His brother Richard succeeded him but was unpopular
English people wanted to have a king again and would have one soon enough
