The English Civil War The Triumph of Parliament: English Constitutionalism.
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Transcript of The English Civil War The Triumph of Parliament: English Constitutionalism.
The English Civil WarThe Triumph of Parliament: English
Constitutionalism
Parliament House of Lords
nobility and bishops generally support king
House of Commons merchants, lawyers…
growing number of Puritans
Tudor relationship with Parliament When he broke with the Roman Catholic Church or when he needed funds, Henry VIII consulted Parliament. Elizabeth both consulted and controlled Parliament.
James I James I insisted he was king by
divine right King ruled by the will of God and
was responsible only to God Religious Beliefs
Anglican Alienates Puritans who comprised a
large number of those in House of Commons
More devote Protestant than Elizabeth Guy Fawkes..catholic extremist Nov 5, 1605…plot to blow up
parliament …intensified anti-catholic feelings
James I Economic Issues
Inherited large debt Raised money without
Parliament’s consent
Charles I
Petition of Rights 1628 No imprisonment with a charge. Trial by a jury of one’s peers. No taxation without Parliament’s consent. No quartering of soldiers in private homes.
Ship Money Assessments
This aggravates Parliament
Charles I Religious
Wife Henrietta Maria, sister of Louis XIII Catholic
Supports William Laud to enforce Anglicanism Increasingly elaborate ceremonies Puritans view this as ‘popery’ Harsh punishments for Puritan
dissenters 1637 Laud pushes Anglican Book
of Common Prayer in Scotland Presbyterian 1640, Scots invade Northern England Charles needs £ to fight, calls
Parliament
Charles I Short Parliament (1640)
Dissolved in three weeks Long Parliament (1640-1660)
Parliament must be called in session at least once every 3 yrs.
Parliament can’t be adjourned without its own consent
Charles enters the House of Commons to end the session and arrest those trying to curb his power
Charles heads forms
Civil War (1642-1649)
Royalists(Cavaliers)Royalists(Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians(Roundheads)
Parliamentarians(Roundheads)
House of Lords
N & W England
Aristocracy, Large landowners, Church officials
House of Commons
S & E England
Puritans, Merchants, Townspeople
Oliver Cromwell Leader of
Parliamentarians
Battle of Naseby 1648
Charles I is defeated and handed over to Parliament.
Division of Parliamentarians Split between moderate and radicals
Purge Moderates ‘Rump’ Parliament results
Execution of a King Guilty of ‘an unlimited and tyrannical power’
Execution of Charles I (1649)
The Commonwealth After execution, Rump
Parliament abolishes the House of Lords, the monarchy, and the official Church of England.
It declared England a republic, known as the Commonwealth, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell. Did not tolerate dissent Strict Puritan
Not tolerance for Catholics and Anglicans
The Protectorate Conflict mounts as radicals push for further
reform Cromwell dissolves Rump Parliament and
makes himself Lord Protector Cromwell dies in 1658; son succeeds but is
not as competent
The Restoration Restoration 1660
Charles II Nothing really solved,
like distribution of power between king and parliament and conflicts over religion