The English Civil War The Triumph of Parliament: English Constitutionalism.

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The English Civil War The Triumph of Parliament: English Constitutionalism

Transcript of The English Civil War The Triumph of Parliament: English Constitutionalism.

Page 1: The English Civil War The Triumph of Parliament: English Constitutionalism.

The English Civil WarThe Triumph of Parliament: English

Constitutionalism

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Parliament House of Lords

nobility and bishops generally support king

House of Commons merchants, lawyers…

growing number of Puritans

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Tudor relationship with Parliament When he broke with the Roman Catholic Church or when he needed funds, Henry VIII consulted Parliament. Elizabeth both consulted and controlled Parliament.

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James I James I insisted he was king by

divine right King ruled by the will of God and

was responsible only to God Religious Beliefs

Anglican Alienates Puritans who comprised a

large number of those in House of Commons

More devote Protestant than Elizabeth Guy Fawkes..catholic extremist Nov 5, 1605…plot to blow up

parliament …intensified anti-catholic feelings

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James I Economic Issues

Inherited large debt Raised money without

Parliament’s consent

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Charles I

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Petition of Rights 1628 No imprisonment with a charge. Trial by a jury of one’s peers. No taxation without Parliament’s consent. No quartering of soldiers in private homes.

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Ship Money Assessments

This aggravates Parliament

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Charles I Religious

Wife Henrietta Maria, sister of Louis XIII Catholic

Supports William Laud to enforce Anglicanism Increasingly elaborate ceremonies Puritans view this as ‘popery’ Harsh punishments for Puritan

dissenters 1637 Laud pushes Anglican Book

of Common Prayer in Scotland Presbyterian 1640, Scots invade Northern England Charles needs £ to fight, calls

Parliament

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Charles I Short Parliament (1640)

Dissolved in three weeks Long Parliament (1640-1660)

Parliament must be called in session at least once every 3 yrs.

Parliament can’t be adjourned without its own consent

Charles enters the House of Commons to end the session and arrest those trying to curb his power

Charles heads forms

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Civil War (1642-1649)

Royalists(Cavaliers)Royalists(Cavaliers)

Parliamentarians(Roundheads)

Parliamentarians(Roundheads)

House of Lords

N & W England

Aristocracy, Large landowners, Church officials

House of Commons

S & E England

Puritans, Merchants, Townspeople

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Oliver Cromwell Leader of

Parliamentarians

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Battle of Naseby 1648

Charles I is defeated and handed over to Parliament.

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Division of Parliamentarians Split between moderate and radicals

Purge Moderates ‘Rump’ Parliament results

Execution of a King Guilty of ‘an unlimited and tyrannical power’

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Execution of Charles I (1649)

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The Commonwealth After execution, Rump

Parliament abolishes the House of Lords, the monarchy, and the official Church of England.

It declared England a republic, known as the Commonwealth, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell. Did not tolerate dissent Strict Puritan

Not tolerance for Catholics and Anglicans

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The Protectorate Conflict mounts as radicals push for further

reform Cromwell dissolves Rump Parliament and

makes himself Lord Protector Cromwell dies in 1658; son succeeds but is

not as competent

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The Restoration Restoration 1660

Charles II Nothing really solved,

like distribution of power between king and parliament and conflicts over religion