The Early Cold War
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Transcript of The Early Cold War
The Early Cold War
Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon
Lander University
Early Cold War Policies
Cold War: 4 fronts Ideological (Kennan,
containment) Economic (Marshall
Plan) Military (Berlin,
Korea, Vietnam) Cultural (Moscow
Fair, Olympics)
Early Cold War Policies
Containment* George Kennan* “Long telegram” “X Article”
The Truman Doctrine Mar. 12, 1947 U.S. police the world
Early Cold War PoliciesMarshall Plan
$30 billion for recovery European unity Create world markets Dependence on U.S.
SEATONATO:
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Berlin Air Lift
Militarization
1947 National Security Act Dept. of Defense National Security Council Central Intelligence Agency
USSR atomic bomb 1949USA h-bomb 1954USSR h-bomb 1955
NSC-68The state of things
Hard line on communism Communism = Soviets USSR bent on world domination Technology
Policy Negotiate Not all defensive Increase strength ZERO-SUM
The 1950s
Korean War* China
Mao Tse-Tung, communistChiang Kai-Shek
Civil War Action Costs of the war:
4 million Koreans dead1 million Chinese dead52,000 U.S. dead$20 million
Effects of Korean War* Ike rise to power Fueled McCarthyism Sino-US relations deteriorate Army enlarged Militarization Push for hydrogen bomb Armistice Preparedness War-time budget
The 1950s
Dwight D. Eisenhower* Intelligence and technology John Foster Dulles Massive retaliation:
Mutually Assured Destruction Domino theory
The 1950s
Cold War thaw: Ike and Kruschev“Ping-pong diplomacy”
Cultural exchanges Weaknesses:
The race issueBrainwashingWho’s in charge?
The re-freeze: Sputnik*, 1957U-2 spy plane, 1960
Kennedy*, the early 1960s
Early policies Germany Peace Corps, 1961
The Bay of Pigs*
Kennedy, the early 1960sThe Cuban Missile Crisis*