The Early Cold War

Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon

Lander University

Early Cold War Policies

Cold War: 4 fronts Ideological (Kennan,

containment) Economic (Marshall

Plan) Military (Berlin,

Korea, Vietnam) Cultural (Moscow

Fair, Olympics)

Early Cold War Policies

Containment* George Kennan* “Long telegram” “X Article”

The Truman Doctrine Mar. 12, 1947 U.S. police the world

Early Cold War PoliciesMarshall Plan

$30 billion for recovery European unity Create world markets Dependence on U.S.

SEATONATO:

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Berlin Air Lift

Militarization

1947 National Security Act Dept. of Defense National Security Council Central Intelligence Agency

USSR atomic bomb 1949USA h-bomb 1954USSR h-bomb 1955

NSC-68The state of things

Hard line on communism Communism = Soviets USSR bent on world domination Technology

Policy Negotiate Not all defensive Increase strength ZERO-SUM

The 1950s

Korean War* China

Mao Tse-Tung, communistChiang Kai-Shek

Civil War Action Costs of the war:

4 million Koreans dead1 million Chinese dead52,000 U.S. dead$20 million

Effects of Korean War* Ike rise to power Fueled McCarthyism Sino-US relations deteriorate Army enlarged Militarization Push for hydrogen bomb Armistice Preparedness War-time budget

The 1950s

Dwight D. Eisenhower* Intelligence and technology John Foster Dulles Massive retaliation:

Mutually Assured Destruction Domino theory

The 1950s

Cold War thaw: Ike and Kruschev“Ping-pong diplomacy”

Cultural exchanges Weaknesses:

The race issueBrainwashingWho’s in charge?

The re-freeze: Sputnik*, 1957U-2 spy plane, 1960

Kennedy*, the early 1960s

Early policies Germany Peace Corps, 1961

The Bay of Pigs*

Kennedy, the early 1960sThe Cuban Missile Crisis*