THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two...
-
Upload
bernard-stevenson -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
1
Transcript of THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two...
![Page 1: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE COLD WAR
![Page 2: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Cold War (1945-1991?)
• Definition:– An ongoing conflict between the world’s two
superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)
• Why “Cold”?– Both sides had nuclear weapons, but never used– US & USSR never went directly to war
![Page 3: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Question of the Day
Was the Cold War (virtually) “inevitable”, given the inherent conflicts between Communism and Capitalist Democracy and the specific nature of US-Soviet relations in the post-WW II era?
![Page 4: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Causes of the Cold War
• Economic Differences
• Political Differences
• “Business as Usual” Nationalism
![Page 5: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Economic Differences
• Capitalism– Individual profit & private enterprise– “Free trade”
• Communism– Government planning & control– Tightened control over international trade &
production
• Each country wants the rest of the world to follow its system for economic reasons
![Page 6: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Political Differences• Capitalism
– Emphasis on democracy & individual choice– Importance of voting– Importance of limiting government intervention– Overall freedom = welfare of the individual
• Communism– Emphasis on common good– Lesser importance of voting– Strong government as “voice of the people”– “dictatorship of the proletariat”– Overall freedom = welfare of the society
![Page 7: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nationalism
• Is the Cold War simply two powerful countries competing for power?
• Conflict & wars began looooooong before advents of Communism & Capitalism!
![Page 8: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Postwar Agreements• Yalta (February of 1945)
– Stalin (USSR), FDR (US), Churchill (Eng)– Agreements
• United Nations set up• Stalin to get “influence” in Eastern Europe• USSR to invade Japan 3 months after Germany
• Potsdam (July, 1945)– Stalin (USSR), Truman (US), Atlee (Eng)– Clear that Stalin planned to stay in Eastern
Europe
![Page 9: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why Both Sides Distrusted Other
• US troops in Russia after WW I
• Long wait for 2nd Front in WW II
• Russia attacked in both WW I & WW II
• Russia lost 20 million people in WW II
• Only US had A-Bomb• Hatred of Capitalism
• Russia had pulled out of WW I
• Stalin’s nonaggression pact with Hitler
• Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe
• Soviet anti-capitalism statements
• Fear of Soviet interest in Western Europe
• Hatred of communist ideas and brutality
USSR USA
![Page 10: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Post WW II Europe
![Page 11: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The United Nations (UN)• Formed in April 1945
– Much like the League of Nations before– Except US joins
• Organization of UN:– General Assembly
• All nations with equal vote
– Security Council• Five major countries, all with veto power over any
resolution– US, USSR, China, France, England
![Page 12: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CONTAINMENT
![Page 13: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Containment
• Name for US foreign policy after WW II
• Definition– Not to defeat communism– But to stop it from spreading
![Page 14: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Harry Truman
• President from 1945-1953
![Page 15: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Truman Doctrine (March 1947)• President Truman’s statement that
– The US must provide aid to “support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures”
• (US will provide financial aid to all anti-communists)
– The US should provide $400 million to help fight communism in Turkey & Greece
• Means: A small amount of (only) money to prevent communism from spreading in one particular area
![Page 16: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The “Domino Theory”
• If one country goes Communist, its neighbors will follow
• “Countries will fall like dominoes
![Page 18: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Marshall Plan• US Secretary of State George Marshall’s
Plan to give $13 billion to rebuild the economies of Western Europe
• Why?– Genuine humanitarian concern– Prevent instability that could let communism
spread– Build up trading partners for US economy
• Means: A lot of (only) money to prevent communism from spreading all over Europe
![Page 19: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sec. of State George Marshall
![Page 20: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Berlin Blockade (June 1948)
• USSR tries to close off West Berlin– Attempt to take it over
• Truman’s options:1. Let Berlin go
a. Not a lot of love for Germans!
2. Attack Soviet Uniona. Risk of WW III?
3. Find a way to supply West Berlina. This is the one chosen
![Page 22: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Berlin Airlift (June 1948 – May 1949)
• Code named “Operation Vittles”!
• US planes flew 2,500 tons of supplies into Berlin each day for eleven months
• Why did Stalin not shoot down the planes?– Truman said he had 60 A-Bombs ready to use
• He did not!
• Soviets end blockade in May, 1949
![Page 23: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO (1949)
• Mutual protection treaty signed by US, Canada, & countries of Western Europe– England, France, West Germany, Italy, Norway,
Netherlands, etc
• “An attack on one, is an attack on all”• Means: US will protect Europe BY FORCE
IF NECESSARY• 1955—Soviets create the Warsaw Pact
– Same as NATO w/Eastern Europe• Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, etc.
![Page 25: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Truman Signing the NATO Treaty
![Page 27: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Traumas of 1949
• September– Russians test their own A-Bomb
• November– Mao Tse-Tung & Communists take over China
• US now fears that Communism is really spreading– Wants to take more drastic precautions
![Page 28: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Josef Stalin
![Page 29: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Mao Tse-tung’s Ride to Power
![Page 30: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
National Security Act of 1947
• Set up the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)– Responsible for gathering info on enemies and
spying
• Set up the National Security Council (NSC)– Group of “experts” to advise US government on
foreign policy
![Page 32: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
NSC-68 (April of 1950)
• NSC report
• 4 Suggestions– Only the US can contain communism– We must use force if necessary– We must prevent communism
EVERYWHERE (not just in Europe)– US must increase military spending by 4X
• Means: US will use FORCE to fight communism ANYWHERE it threatens
![Page 33: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Korean War Begins (June 1950)
• Communist North Korea attacks the South
• US sends troops in a three year war– Two months after NSC-68
![Page 34: THE COLD WAR. The Cold War (1945-1991?) Definition: –An ongoing conflict between the world’s two superpowers—the US (Capitalism) and the USSR (Communism)](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56649ee05503460f94bf033f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cold War Time Line