The Civil War

Union: President – Abe Lincoln

Generals – Grant, McClellan, Sherman

Confederacy: President – Jefferson Davis

Generals – Lee, Jackson

Secession: 1860

Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th president

Soon after, South Carolina seceded from the Union

Six others followed: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and TEXAS

Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland had slavery, but stayed in the United States

Secession Soon, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and

Virginia joined the Confederate States of America

First Shots: Ft. Sumter

On April 12, the Rebel, or Confederate, troops fired the first shots on Yankee, or Union, troops stationed at Fort Sumter, South Carolina

The Civil War had begun! Over the next four years, 600,000

Americans would die

Their Names

Name the 3 names for the South army:– Confederacy– Rebel– South

Name the 3 names for the North army:– Union– Yankees– North

Advantages Union Advantages Confederate

Advantages

Population = More Soldiers

Better General

More Supplies Better Knowledge of the Land

Inspired by the loss of men

Inspired to win

War did not take place at their home

First Manassas/First Bull Run

July 21, 1861: The First Battle of Bull Run (Union name) or First Manassas (Southern name), fought just outside Washington D.C.

Northerners took picnic lunches to a hill overlooking the battlefield, thinking the Union would win very quickly

Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson led Confederate soldiers to drive back the Union troops and claimed victory

First Manassas The Confederate troops could have kept on and

captured Washington D.C., but they stopped to celebrate the victory

The Anaconda Plan: The Union’s plan for winning the war1. Blockade Southern Ports: cut off trade of

cotton and delivery of supplies

2. Control the Mississippi River: this would cut the Confederacy in two (Texas and Louisiana would be cut off from everyone)

3. Capture the capital of Richmond, VA: and force the government to surrender

4. Squeeze and trap the Confederate army from the West and the North (see map)

Anaconda Plan to take over Confederacy

Battle of Antietam (Maryland)

Sept. 17, 1861, Confederate General Robert E. Lee wanted to cut off Washington D.C. from the rest of the Union

This was one of only 2 battles fought in North, and the bloodiest one day battle on the war

Neither side won, but Lee had to retreat to protect his supply lines down south

Predict….

What are your predictions for the following? Explain.– What will happen to/in the North?– What will happen to/in the South?– How will this war effect the

economic/social/political/environmentalfuture of the United States?

Emancipation Proclamation

Early in 1863, in the middle of fighting, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation

This document freed the slaves in the Confederacy

Turning Point: Vicksburg

Vicksburg, Mississippi was the major point in controlling the Mississippi River, very important for the Confederacy

May 22, 1863: Union’s Gen. Grant laid siege to the city for months, but the Confederates wouldn’t give up

The Rebel army were starving and forced to eat rats, and melted down everything to make bullets and cannonballs

July 4, 1863: Confederates surrendered, and the Union controlled the Mississippi

The Confederate’s Alamo Just like the Battle of the Alamo, the army

at Vicksburg held off a bigger army, this time for more than a month

Turning Point: Gettysburg

While Vicksburg was falling, Gen. Robert E. Lee wanted to attack the North in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Lee sent wave after wave of soldiers at the Union, but kept getting shot down

52,000 men were killed over 3 days “The beginning of the end” for the Confederacy:

they lost their best and brightest in Vicksburg and Gettysburg, and would never again attack the North

The fall of Atlanta

While fighting was going on in Virginia, Union general William T. Sherman marched through the state of Georgia and took over the biggest Confederate city, Atlanta

Richmond, VA vs. Washington D.C. In 1864, Union’s Grant and Confederate’s

Lee fought fiercely, mostly in the 90 miles between these two capital cities

After a year long siege of Virginia, Grant captured and burned Confederate capital of Richmond, VA (March, 1865)

The Rebels had little chance of winning:– They were running out of food, weapons,

ammunition, and medicine for the wounded

Appomattox Courthouse: END!

After Richmond, VA fell, Robert E. Lee and his soldiers fled to the mountains

On April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia, General Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant

Lincoln Assassinated

During the war there were many attempts on his life

On April 15th, 1865*, while he was at a play, John Wilkes Booth was finally successful

Last “Battle” of the Civil War The last battle of the Civil War was fought

at Palmito Ranch, Texas on May 12, 1865 This was one month after Lee surrendered

at Appomattox and the war ended Confederates won! But it didn’t count

Reflection

What was Lincoln’s role throughout the war? Be specific.

Give examples of how each side suffered economically and socially.

What should the United States do to recover from this war?