Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC...

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Civil War Civil War Chapter 2, Section Chapter 2, Section 1 1

Transcript of Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC...

Page 1: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Civil WarCivil WarChapter 2, Section Chapter 2, Section

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Page 2: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

SECESSIONSECESSION• North: UnionNorth: Union

– Capital: Washington, DCCapital: Washington, DC– President: Abe LincolnPresident: Abe Lincoln

• South: ConfederacySouth: Confederacy– Capital: Richmond, VACapital: Richmond, VA– President: Jefferson DavisPresident: Jefferson Davis

Page 3: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

UNION STRENGTHSUNION STRENGTHSNORTH WAS BETTER PREPARED FOR WARNORTH WAS BETTER PREPARED FOR WAR

-DOUBLE AMOUNT OF RAILROAD-DOUBLE AMOUNT OF RAILROAD-TWICE AS MANY FACTORIES-TWICE AS MANY FACTORIES-WELL BALANCED ECONOMY-WELL BALANCED ECONOMY-FUNCTIONING GOVT.-FUNCTIONING GOVT.-EXISTING ARMY/NAVY (SMALL)-EXISTING ARMY/NAVY (SMALL)-POPULATION OF THE NORTH-POPULATION OF THE NORTH

-larger number (2/3 of total) and more -larger number (2/3 of total) and more diversediverse

Page 4: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

CONFEDERACY CONFEDERACY STRENGTHSSTRENGTHS• 7 OF 8 MILITARY COLLEGES WERE IN THE 7 OF 8 MILITARY COLLEGES WERE IN THE

SOUTHSOUTH• MAJORITY OF TRAINED OFFICERS WERE MAJORITY OF TRAINED OFFICERS WERE

SOUTHERNERSSOUTHERNERS• MAINTAIN DEFENSIVE POSITIONMAINTAIN DEFENSIVE POSITION• FAMILIAR WITH THE LANDFAMILIAR WITH THE LAND• FIGHTING TO PRESERVE THEIR WAY OF LIFEFIGHTING TO PRESERVE THEIR WAY OF LIFE

Page 5: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

UNION STRATEGYUNION STRATEGY• LINCOLN ORDERED A NAVAL BLOCKADE OF SOUTHERN LINCOLN ORDERED A NAVAL BLOCKADE OF SOUTHERN

STATESSTATES– Keep South from exporting products (cotton) out to EuropeKeep South from exporting products (cotton) out to Europe– Keep South from importing needed goodsKeep South from importing needed goods

• KNOWN AS ANACONDA PLAN (snake that coils and crushes KNOWN AS ANACONDA PLAN (snake that coils and crushes victim to death slowly)victim to death slowly)

• NOT MUCH SUPPORT BECAUSE MANY WANTED A QUICK NOT MUCH SUPPORT BECAUSE MANY WANTED A QUICK VICTORY, BUT LINCOLN THOUGHT THAT IT WOULD ALLOW VICTORY, BUT LINCOLN THOUGHT THAT IT WOULD ALLOW UNION TO PREPAREUNION TO PREPARE

Page 6: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

CONFEDERATE CONFEDERATE STRATEGYSTRATEGY• ““WAR OF ATTRITION” - INFLICT WAR OF ATTRITION” - INFLICT

CONTINUOUS LOSSES ON THE ENEMY CONTINUOUS LOSSES ON THE ENEMY IN ORDER TO WEAR DOWN ITS IN ORDER TO WEAR DOWN ITS STRENGTH. DID IT WORK?STRENGTH. DID IT WORK?

• STOP EXPORTING COTTON TO STOP EXPORTING COTTON TO EUROPE, TO “ENCOURAGE” EUROPE EUROPE, TO “ENCOURAGE” EUROPE TO HELP. DID IT WORK?TO HELP. DID IT WORK?

Page 7: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

TECHNOLOGY AND TACTICSTECHNOLOGY AND TACTICS• TROOP FORMATIONTROOP FORMATION

– Mass charging of army was effective in Mass charging of army was effective in the past. Less effective during this warthe past. Less effective during this war

• WEAPONS AND ARTILLARYWEAPONS AND ARTILLARY– More accurate and quicker reloadMore accurate and quicker reload

• MANY MEN DIED NEEDLESSLY DUE MANY MEN DIED NEEDLESSLY DUE TO GENERALS REFUSAL TO CHANGE TO GENERALS REFUSAL TO CHANGE TRADITIONAL METHODSTRADITIONAL METHODS

Page 8: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Battles:Battles:1.1. 1st Battle of Bull Run1st Battle of Bull Run: Confederacy won.: Confederacy won.

1.1. First major battle of the Civil WarFirst major battle of the Civil War

2. 2. Fort Henry and Fort Donelson:Fort Henry and Fort Donelson:On the Mississippi. Important to the north On the Mississippi. Important to the north to control. North successfulto control. North successful

3. 3. ShilohShiloh: Bloodiest battle in N. America to : Bloodiest battle in N. America to that point. North won.that point. North won.

– The 1The 1stst Battle of Bull Run and Shiloh proved that Battle of Bull Run and Shiloh proved that this was going to be a long and difficult warthis was going to be a long and difficult war

4. 4. Battle of 7 PinesBattle of 7 Pines: No clear victor, : No clear victor, Confederacy leadership fell to Robert E. Confederacy leadership fell to Robert E. LeeLee

5. 5. 22ndnd Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run: Confederacy won.: Confederacy won.6. 6. Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam: North won. Bloodiest : North won. Bloodiest

battle to that point.battle to that point.1.1. 12,000 Union12,000 Union2.2. 14, 000 Confederates14, 000 Confederates

Page 9: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

MONITOR VS. MONITOR VS. MERRIMACKMERRIMACK

• MERRIMACK- SOUTHERNERS BOLTED MERRIMACK- SOUTHERNERS BOLTED IRON PLATES TO A WOODEN IRON PLATES TO A WOODEN STEAMSHIPSTEAMSHIP

• LINCOLN ORDERED CONSTRUCTION OF LINCOLN ORDERED CONSTRUCTION OF A SIMILAR SHIP – “MONITOR”A SIMILAR SHIP – “MONITOR”

• TWO SHIPS HAD ONE ENCOUNTER, TWO SHIPS HAD ONE ENCOUNTER, Merrimack withdrewMerrimack withdrew– No clear victorNo clear victor

• Significance: Significance: – WOODEN NAVY SHIPS BECAME OBSOLETEWOODEN NAVY SHIPS BECAME OBSOLETE

Page 10: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

ROBERT E. LEEROBERT E. LEE• GRADUATED 2GRADUATED 2NDND IN HIS IN HIS

CLASS FROM WEST POINTCLASS FROM WEST POINT• OPPOSED SLAVERY OPPOSED SLAVERY

AND SECESSIONAND SECESSION• LINCOLN OFFERED HIMLINCOLN OFFERED HIM

COMMAND OF UNION COMMAND OF UNION FORCESFORCES

• ““I CANNOT RAISE MY HAND I CANNOT RAISE MY HAND AGAINST MY BIRTHPLACE,AGAINST MY BIRTHPLACE, MY HOME, MY CHILDREN”MY HOME, MY CHILDREN”

Page 11: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

LIFE BEHIND THE LINESLIFE BEHIND THE LINES

Chapter 2, section 2Chapter 2, section 2

Page 12: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Politics in the SouthPolitics in the South

• Differences caused conflictDifferences caused conflict– South had to rely on what they hadSouth had to rely on what they had– North more resourcesNorth more resources– North and South similar Constitutions, North and South similar Constitutions,

except for:except for:•SlaverySlavery

•States RightsStates Rights

Page 13: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Politics in the South (cont)Politics in the South (cont)

• General Lee called for a draftGeneral Lee called for a draft– 3 years required military service (18-35)3 years required military service (18-35)– Extended volunteers service for another Extended volunteers service for another

2 years2 years– 20 or more slaves exempt20 or more slaves exempt– Could hire someone to go in your placeCould hire someone to go in your place

Page 14: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Politics in the South (cont)Politics in the South (cont)

• South took control of economySouth took control of economy– 1/10 of all farmers produce1/10 of all farmers produce– Seized railroadSeized railroad– Determined what was grown and how Determined what was grown and how

muchmuch– Imposed taxes on personal incomesImposed taxes on personal incomes

Many Southerners did not like these Many Southerners did not like these practices practices and rebelledand rebelled

- Not a lot of help from EuropeNot a lot of help from Europe- France and Britain toyed with the idea of France and Britain toyed with the idea of

recognizing the Confederacy, but did not.recognizing the Confederacy, but did not.

Page 15: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Politics in the NorthPolitics in the North

• Republicans were in control and Republicans were in control and passed several lawspassed several laws

-Homestead Act (1862)-Homestead Act (1862)-Raised tariffs to protect -Raised tariffs to protect

northern industriesnorthern industries• TaxesTaxes

– Personal income tax—3% if over $800Personal income tax—3% if over $800– Tax on productsTax on products

Page 16: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Politics in the North (cont)Politics in the North (cont)

• Reformed the banking system Reformed the banking system (Greenbacks-national currency-1862)(Greenbacks-national currency-1862)

• Imposed draftImposed draft

• ““Muscled” statesMuscled” states– Arrested state legislators who were Arrested state legislators who were

suspected of being disloyalsuspected of being disloyal– Martial lawMartial law

Page 17: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Politics in the North (cont)Politics in the North (cont)

• Copperheads (those that opposed Copperheads (those that opposed the war)the war)

• Lincoln responded to oppositionLincoln responded to opposition– Jailed protestorsJailed protestors– Suspended habeas corpusSuspended habeas corpus– Used army to shut down papers, etc.Used army to shut down papers, etc.– Denied use of mailDenied use of mail

Page 18: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

EmancipationEmancipation

• Lincoln’s response to slaveryLincoln’s response to slavery– Did not support it, but believed he did Did not support it, but believed he did

not have the power to outlaw itnot have the power to outlaw it– Viewed it as a strategy to win the warViewed it as a strategy to win the war– Issued the Emancipation Proclamation Issued the Emancipation Proclamation

(January 1, 1863)(January 1, 1863)-had little effect on slavery-had little effect on slavery-slaves would be free in the -slaves would be free in the

southern states, when North won the warsouthern states, when North won the war

Page 19: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

African Americans FightAfrican Americans Fight

• Viewed as “contraband” and freed. Viewed as “contraband” and freed. Many worked in armyMany worked in army

• After Emancipation Proclamation, After Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans joined combat unitsAfrican Americans joined combat units

• 10% of Union soldiers10% of Union soldiers

• 5454thth Massachusetts Infantry Massachusetts Infantry– ““Glory”Glory”

Page 20: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Hardships of WarHardships of War

• Union’s policy on slavery brought Union’s policy on slavery brought more Africans to fight for North and more Africans to fight for North and depleted the South’s work forcedepleted the South’s work force

• Both sides faced economical and Both sides faced economical and social hardshipssocial hardships

Page 21: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Hardships of War (cont)Hardships of War (cont)

• Southern EconomySouthern Economy– Food shortages/riotsFood shortages/riots– Farmers refused to grow food cropsFarmers refused to grow food crops– Industry grew, but could not provide all Industry grew, but could not provide all

products neededproducts needed– Inflation rampantInflation rampant

Page 22: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Hardships of War (cont)Hardships of War (cont)

• Northern EconomyNorthern Economy– Women workedWomen worked– Most industries grew and thrivedMost industries grew and thrived

•War related industries, especiallyWar related industries, especially– Philip Armour: packaged porkPhilip Armour: packaged pork– Samuel Colt: gunsSamuel Colt: guns

Page 23: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Hardships of War (cont)Hardships of War (cont)

• Prison CampsPrison Camps– Andersonville, GA: Andersonville, GA:

•Built to hold 10,000, later housed 35,000Built to hold 10,000, later housed 35,000

•100 soldiers died a day100 soldiers died a day

•Camp’s commander was the only soldier to Camp’s commander was the only soldier to be tried as a war criminal and hanged.be tried as a war criminal and hanged.

Page 24: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Hardships of War (cont)Hardships of War (cont)

• Medical conditions were terribleMedical conditions were terrible

• Soldiers were 3X’s more likely to die Soldiers were 3X’s more likely to die in a camp or in a hospital, due to in a camp or in a hospital, due to disease, than on battlefielddisease, than on battlefield

• Clara Barton/American Red CrossClara Barton/American Red Cross

• United States Sanitary Commission United States Sanitary Commission (1861)(1861)

Page 25: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

TIDE OF WAR TURNSTIDE OF WAR TURNSChapter 2 section 3Chapter 2 section 3

Page 26: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Fredricksburg and Fredricksburg and ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville

• Battle of Fredricksburg: Confederacy wonBattle of Fredricksburg: Confederacy won• Chancellorsville: Confederacy wonChancellorsville: Confederacy won

– Lee’s most brilliant victory because he divided Lee’s most brilliant victory because he divided his forces and attacked on both sideshis forces and attacked on both sides

• Low point for the Union. Lincoln stated: “If Low point for the Union. Lincoln stated: “If there is a worst place than hell, I am in it.”there is a worst place than hell, I am in it.”

• Some Northern leaders considered making Some Northern leaders considered making peace with the Confederacypeace with the Confederacy

Page 27: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

FREDRICKSBURG, VIRGINIAFREDRICKSBURG, VIRGINIA

Page 28: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Tensions: North LeadershipTensions: North Leadership• McClellan (one of Lincoln’s generals) McClellan (one of Lincoln’s generals)

had already been fired twice by had already been fired twice by Lincoln because he was too cautious!Lincoln because he was too cautious!

• This caused tension between This caused tension between McClellan and LincolnMcClellan and Lincoln

• Later this tension between them Later this tension between them surfaced in a presidential campaignsurfaced in a presidential campaign

• Other northern generals did not want Other northern generals did not want to be too cautious—just the opposite. to be too cautious—just the opposite. Caused many Union soldier deaths Caused many Union soldier deaths– FredricksburgFredricksburg– Chancellorsville Chancellorsville

Page 29: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURGBATTLE OF GETTYSBURGJuly 1-3 1863July 1-3 1863

Page 30: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

GETTYSBURGGETTYSBURG• Greatest Battle ever fought in North Greatest Battle ever fought in North

AmericaAmerica– Both sides positioned themselves along Both sides positioned themselves along

separate ridgesseparate ridges

• Open book to page 107-110Open book to page 107-110• Read together in classRead together in class• OUTCOME: OUTCOME:

– UNION LOST 23,000UNION LOST 23,000– CONFEDERACY LOST 28,000CONFEDERACY LOST 28,000– CONFEDERACY RETREATED BACK TO CONFEDERACY RETREATED BACK TO

VIRGINIA. VIRGINIA.

Page 31: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

SIEGE OF VICKSBURGSIEGE OF VICKSBURGMay-July 1863May-July 1863• VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI • Siege: surrounded and starved to force surrenderSiege: surrounded and starved to force surrender• UNION TRIED SEVERAL TIMES TO TAKE VICKSBURGUNION TRIED SEVERAL TIMES TO TAKE VICKSBURG

– WHY?: UNION NEEDED TO CONTROL THE WHOLE WHY?: UNION NEEDED TO CONTROL THE WHOLE MISSISSIPPI RIVERMISSISSIPPI RIVER

• SIEGE PROVED TO BE SUCCESSFUL: July 4, 1963SIEGE PROVED TO BE SUCCESSFUL: July 4, 1963• AFTER CONFEDERATES IN VICKSBURG AFTER CONFEDERATES IN VICKSBURG

SURRENDERED:SURRENDERED:1) GRANT ELEVATED TO UNION GENERAL1) GRANT ELEVATED TO UNION GENERAL2) FINAL PIECE OF THE RIVER PUZZLE2) FINAL PIECE OF THE RIVER PUZZLE3) POPULAR SUPPORT FOR LINCOLN3) POPULAR SUPPORT FOR LINCOLN

Page 32: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

IMPORTANCE OF 1863IMPORTANCE OF 1863

• JULY 4, 1863:JULY 4, 1863:– MOST JOYOUS SINCE THE FIRST ONE – MOST JOYOUS SINCE THE FIRST ONE –

87 YEARS PRIOR87 YEARS PRIOR

• SLAVES COULD CELEBRATE SLAVES COULD CELEBRATE AMERICAN INDEPENDENCEAMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

• HOLIDAY- TURNING POINT OF CIVIL HOLIDAY- TURNING POINT OF CIVIL WAR: UNION WAGE A WAR OF WAR: UNION WAGE A WAR OF ATTRITIONATTRITION

Page 33: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

GETTYSBURG ADDRESSGETTYSBURG ADDRESS NOVEMBER 19, 1863 NOVEMBER 19, 1863

• 15,000 – CEMETARY DEDICATION15,000 – CEMETARY DEDICATION

• LINCOLN’S SPEECH – GETTYSBURG LINCOLN’S SPEECH – GETTYSBURG ADDRESSADDRESS

• 2 MINUTE SPEECH THAT EXPLAINED THE 2 MINUTE SPEECH THAT EXPLAINED THE MEANING OF THE CIVIL WARMEANING OF THE CIVIL WAR– Importance of speech not realized until laterImportance of speech not realized until later

• FREEDOM AND EQUALITY BELONGED TO FREEDOM AND EQUALITY BELONGED TO EVERYOEEVERYOE

Page 34: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

A NEW BIRTHA NEW BIRTHOF FREEDOMOF FREEDOM

Chapter 2 section 4Chapter 2 section 4

Page 35: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

End of the War Strategy:End of the War Strategy:

• CONFEDERATE’S STRATEGY:CONFEDERATE’S STRATEGY:– HOLD ON!! If the war drags on, the HOLD ON!! If the war drags on, the

North will replace Lincoln with a North will replace Lincoln with a president willing to grant the South their president willing to grant the South their independenceindependence

• UNION STRATEGY: UNION STRATEGY: – WEAR DOWN THE CONFEDERACY—War WEAR DOWN THE CONFEDERACY—War

of attrition of attrition

Page 36: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

BATTLESBATTLESBattle of WildernessBattle of Wilderness: Confederacy : Confederacy

won, but Union went around the won, but Union went around the Confederate army and pushed on. Confederate army and pushed on.

• Battle of Spotsylvania:Battle of Spotsylvania: Confederacy Confederacy won, but the north still pushed south won, but the north still pushed south and onward.and onward.

• Battle of Cold HarborBattle of Cold Harbor: Confederacy : Confederacy won, but Union only 8 miles from won, but Union only 8 miles from Richmond (Confederate capital)Richmond (Confederate capital)

• Petersburg:Petersburg: Union attacked and Union attacked and failed. Lay siege on cityfailed. Lay siege on city

Page 37: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

SHERMAN IN GEORGIASHERMAN IN GEORGIA• SHERMAN (Union)-MOVING FROM SHERMAN (Union)-MOVING FROM

CHATTANOOGA, TN TO ATLANTA, GA CHATTANOOGA, TN TO ATLANTA, GA with 98,000 menwith 98,000 men

• Wanted the important rail and Wanted the important rail and industrial centerindustrial center

• CONFEDERACY WANTED TO HOLD CONFEDERACY WANTED TO HOLD SHERMAN OFF FROM REACHING SHERMAN OFF FROM REACHING ATLANTA UNTIL THE ELECTIONATLANTA UNTIL THE ELECTION– UNION BOMBARDED/LAY SEIGE TO UNION BOMBARDED/LAY SEIGE TO

ATLANTAATLANTA– SEPTEMBER-CONFEDERACY LEFT ATLANTASEPTEMBER-CONFEDERACY LEFT ATLANTA

Page 38: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

““ATLANTA TO THE SEA”ATLANTA TO THE SEA”

• ““THE CRUELER WAR IS, THE SOONER IT THE CRUELER WAR IS, THE SOONER IT WILL BE OVER” - UNION GENERAL WILL BE OVER” - UNION GENERAL SHERMAN ONCE WROTESHERMAN ONCE WROTE

• NOVEMBER 1864- SHERMAN LED 62,000 NOVEMBER 1864- SHERMAN LED 62,000 TROOPS FROM ATLANTA TO SAVANNAHTROOPS FROM ATLANTA TO SAVANNAH– ATLANTA-EVACUATED AND BURNEDATLANTA-EVACUATED AND BURNED

• 300 MILE LONG PATH OF DESTRUCTION300 MILE LONG PATH OF DESTRUCTION• ARRIVAL IN SAVANNAH: DECEMBER 21, ARRIVAL IN SAVANNAH: DECEMBER 21,

18641864– Presented the city of Savannah as a Christmas Presented the city of Savannah as a Christmas

gift to President Lincolngift to President Lincoln

Page 39: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

ELECTION OF 1864ELECTION OF 1864

• REPUBLICANS NOMINATED ANDREW REPUBLICANS NOMINATED ANDREW JOHNSON TO RUN AS LINCOLN’S V.P. JOHNSON TO RUN AS LINCOLN’S V.P. (DEMOCRAT, PRO-UNION SOUTHERNER)(DEMOCRAT, PRO-UNION SOUTHERNER)– Stand: End slavery and the warStand: End slavery and the war

• DEMOCRATS NOMINATED-GEORGE DEMOCRATS NOMINATED-GEORGE MCCLELLANMCCLELLAN– PROMISED AN END TO THE WARPROMISED AN END TO THE WAR– McClellan happy to oppose Lincoln. WHY???McClellan happy to oppose Lincoln. WHY???

• LINCOLN WON AN EASY VICTORY (212 OF LINCOLN WON AN EASY VICTORY (212 OF 233)233)

Page 40: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

1313thth AMENDMENT AMENDMENT

• FEBRUARY 1865- CONGRESS PASSED FEBRUARY 1865- CONGRESS PASSED 1313THTH AMENDMENT, BECAME LAW ON AMENDMENT, BECAME LAW ON DECEMEMBER 18, 1865DECEMEMBER 18, 1865

• ENDED SLAVERYENDED SLAVERY

Page 41: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

END OF THE WAREND OF THE WAR

• GRANT WAS IN RICHMOND,VA AND SHERMAN GRANT WAS IN RICHMOND,VA AND SHERMAN WAS COMING FROM SAVANNAH,GAWAS COMING FROM SAVANNAH,GA

• SHERMAN’S TWO GOALS: SHERMAN’S TWO GOALS: – DESTROY THE REMAINING RESOURCESDESTROY THE REMAINING RESOURCES– CRUSH THE WILL OF THE CONFEDERACY TO FIGHTCRUSH THE WILL OF THE CONFEDERACY TO FIGHT

• SOUTH CAROLINA WAS DESTROYED (HARSH)SOUTH CAROLINA WAS DESTROYED (HARSH)– First to secede from the UnionFirst to secede from the Union

• NORTH CAROLINA- DESTRUCTION STOPPEDNORTH CAROLINA- DESTRUCTION STOPPED

Page 42: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

APPOMATTOXAPPOMATTOXApril 1865April 1865

• LEE’S ARMY REACHED APPOMATTOX LEE’S ARMY REACHED APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, VACOURT HOUSE, VA

• CONFEDERATES WERE SURROUNDEDCONFEDERATES WERE SURROUNDED

• LEE’S MEN SUGGESTED FIGHTING LIKE LEE’S MEN SUGGESTED FIGHTING LIKE GUERRILLAS (HIT AND RUN TACTICS)GUERRILLAS (HIT AND RUN TACTICS)

• LEE REJECTED THIS IDEA (KNEW IT WAS LEE REJECTED THIS IDEA (KNEW IT WAS OVER)OVER)

Page 43: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

LEE AND GRANTLEE AND GRANTAt AppomattoxAt Appomattox

• MET IN A PRIVATE HOMEMET IN A PRIVATE HOME

• DISCUSSED TERMS OF THE SURRENDERDISCUSSED TERMS OF THE SURRENDER– SOUTHERN SOLDIERS COULD TAKE THEIR SOUTHERN SOLDIERS COULD TAKE THEIR

HORSES AND GO HOMEHORSES AND GO HOME– NOT BE PUNISHED AS TRAITORSNOT BE PUNISHED AS TRAITORS– GRANT FED THE STARVING CONFEDERATE GRANT FED THE STARVING CONFEDERATE

ARMYARMY

• Grant said, “THE REBELS ARE OUR Grant said, “THE REBELS ARE OUR COUNTRYMEN AGAIN”COUNTRYMEN AGAIN”

Page 44: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.
Page 45: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATIONLINCOLN’S ASSASSINATIONApril 14, 1865April 14, 1865

• GROUP OF SOUTHERNER GROUP OF SOUTHERNER CONSPIRATORS WORKED OUT A PLANCONSPIRATORS WORKED OUT A PLAN

• KIDNAP LINCOLN- EXCHANGED HIM KIDNAP LINCOLN- EXCHANGED HIM FOR CONFEDERATE P.O.W.’SFOR CONFEDERATE P.O.W.’S

• JOHN WILKES BOOTHJOHN WILKES BOOTH– MANY UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTSMANY UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS

• PLAN CHANGEDPLAN CHANGED– CALLED FOR THE DEATH OF GRANT, CALLED FOR THE DEATH OF GRANT,

JOHNSON, AND LINCOLNJOHNSON, AND LINCOLN

Page 46: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

ASSASSINATIONASSASSINATION• APRIL 14, 1865 BOOTH SLIPPED INTO APRIL 14, 1865 BOOTH SLIPPED INTO

LINCOLN’S UNGUARDED BOX AT FORD’S LINCOLN’S UNGUARDED BOX AT FORD’S THEATER IN D.C.THEATER IN D.C.

• LINCOLN SHOT IN THE HEADLINCOLN SHOT IN THE HEAD

• BOOTH JUMPED DOWN TO THE STAGE AND BOOTH JUMPED DOWN TO THE STAGE AND BROKE HIS LEG (ESCAPED OUT BACK BROKE HIS LEG (ESCAPED OUT BACK ALLEY)ALLEY)– TOBACCO BARN IN VIRGINIATOBACCO BARN IN VIRGINIA– REFUSED TO SURRENDER- SHOT BY HIMSELF REFUSED TO SURRENDER- SHOT BY HIMSELF

OR A SOLDIEROR A SOLDIER

• LINCOLN DIED NEXT MORNINGLINCOLN DIED NEXT MORNING

• 14 DAY TRIP FROM D.C. TO SPRINGFIELD14 DAY TRIP FROM D.C. TO SPRINGFIELD

Page 47: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

What is the Importance What is the Importance of the Civil War?of the Civil War?

• The United States is a unified nationThe United States is a unified nation

• The United States gained new The United States gained new citizenscitizens– Newly freed slavesNewly freed slaves

• The United States government is one The United States government is one that strives for equalitythat strives for equality

Page 48: Civil War Chapter 2, Section 1. SECESSION North: Union North: Union –Capital: Washington, DC –President: Abe Lincoln South: Confederacy South: Confederacy.

Michigan Department of Michigan Department of EducationEducationHigh School Content High School Content ExpectationsExpectationsU.S. History and GeographyU.S. History and Geography• F1.1dF1.1d

• F1.1eF1.1e

• F1.2F1.2

• F2.1bF2.1b

• F2.1cF2.1c

• F2.1gF2.1g