Chapter 19 The Civil War 1861-1865. Section 1 The War Begins NORTH THE UNION SOUTH CONFEDERACY.
THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Union vs Confederacy. Union Leaders.
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Transcript of THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Union vs Confederacy. Union Leaders.
![Page 1: THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Union vs Confederacy. Union Leaders.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649f525503460f94c763a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE CIVIL WAR1861-1865
• Union vs Confederacy
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Union Leaders
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Abraham Lincoln
•President of the US during the Civil War
•Insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary.
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Ulysses Grant
•Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed.
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Frederick Douglass
He urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army.
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54th Massachusetts Regiment
• The first black unit in the Union Army to see military action.
• Suicide Mission
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Confederate Leaders
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Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
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Robert E. Lee
•General of Confederate Army
•Opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force.
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Union Advantages
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Population of North and South
0 5 10 15 20 25
North
South
Millions
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•Larger Population–More troops
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Factories in North and South
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
North
South
Thousands
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•More factories–More supplies (guns, railroads,weapons)
–More money
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Confederate Advantages
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•Military Colleges in South–Better Generals & Soldiers
•Fighting for “freedom” (stronger will to win)
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Battles and Their Results
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•Charleston Harbor (SC)
•Opening confrontation of the Civil War
Fort Sumter (April 1861)
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Bull Run (Manassas, July 1861)
• Demonstrated that war would not end quickly
• Southern victory
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Antietam / Sharpsburg (Sept 1862)
•This Union victory led to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
•Bloodiest battle of war
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Gettysburg (July 1863)
Union victory and turning point of the war.
Lincoln dedicated a national cemetery here and gave the famous “Gettysburg Address.”
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Sherman’s march to the sea (Summer 1864)
• Gen. Sherman led a march through the South
• He burned every city and farm he passed through
• Wanted to cripple the Southern economy
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April 2, 1865• Richmond falls
to Union General Grant
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Appomattox Court House (April 1865)
• Lee surrenders to Grant
• Lee urged southerners to accept defeat
• Officially ended war
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End of Civil WarEnd of Civil War
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Economic cost
• Over $20 billion spent
• 2/3rd of the wealth of the South destroyed
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Economic Economic and Social and Social
Impact of WarImpact of War
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Northern economy grew 50%
• Industries increased production to create material for war
•North and Midwest emerged with strong and growing industrial economies
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Northern economy grew 50%
• Set the stage for the emergence of the US as a global power by the beginning of the 20th century.
• Completion of the transcontinental railroad intensified the westward movement of settlers into the states between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean
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South left embittered and devastated by war.
• Farms, railroads, factories destroyed
• Agricultural labor system destroyed
• Many freedmen (former slaves) migrated north and west
• Disorganized society
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• Shortage of food, shelter and jobs
• Richmond and Atlanta in ruins
• Will remain a backward, agriculture-based economy and the poorest section of the nation for many decades
South left embittered and devastated by war.
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Political Results
• Established power of Republican Party• Strengthened concept of “union”• North dominated government• Led to emergence of powerful
Democratic Party in South (the “Solid South”)