CHAPTER 1 LESSON 5

NORTH VS. SOUTH(UNION VS. CONFEDERACY)

The Civil War(1861-1865)

The War Between the States

North in 1861Advantages

Population Industrialization Transportation Food

Disadvantages “Away Team” Leadership

Northern Advantages

Population – Slave/Free pop. 1861

Northern Advantages

Industrialization – over 80% of U.S. Factories

Northern Advantages

Transportation – 22,000 miles of railroads (South=only 9,000 miles)

Northern Advantages

Food Production & Overall Resources (population, land, trans.)

Northern Disadvantages

Leadership – best Generals (Robert E. Lee) in South

Northern Disadvantages

“Away Team” – Have to invade & CONQUER the south

Southern Advantages

“King Cotton” – Foreign powers relied on cotton (1/5 of British citizens were employed in cotton related industries)

Southern Advantages

“Home Team” – defend territory

Southern Advantages

Leadership – Better leaders; ROBERT E. LEE (Lincoln wanted him to lead Union troops – He declined to stay with Virginia)

“Stonewall” Jackson

James Longstreet

Robert E. Lee

Southern Advantages

Motivated Soldiers – fighting to preserve society in the South

Southern Disadvantages

Population

Southern Disadvantages

Economy

Southern Disadvantages

Industry – first factory built 1845; very far behind North in industry (Graniteville Textile Comp. , Richmond, VA)

Strategies

North Force Surrender

Through attrition Anaconda Plan

Control Miss. River Blockade Ports Control Richmond, VA

Anaconda Plan

Strategies

South Defend Territory –

Hopefully Yankees will give up fighting after a while

Win foreign recognition from France or Britain (because of Cotton trade)

Motto – “With God as Our Vindicator”

Theatres of War

WEST All battles fought West

of Appalachian mountains to MS river

EAST All battles fought East

of App. Mountains

Armies

UNION Army of the Potomac Armies named after

rivers

CONFEDERACY Army of Northern

Virginia Armies named after

states

FIGHTING

1st Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas)=first battle of the Civil War

4,878 casualties – each side realized it would be a long fight

ANTIETAM

Battle of Antietam Creek – Sep. 17, 1862Bloodiest single day in American history –

23,000 casualties

Emancipation Proclamation

After Union victories in 1862, Lincoln decides to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Does not free any slaves, because it only accounted for slaves in Confederate states still in rebellion

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

Three Turning points of Civil War

1863 – Year the “tide turned” for North 1) Gettysburg, PA

Turned Robert E. Lee back south. He would never invade the North again.

2) Vicksburg, Ms U.S. Grant wins. Union now has full control of the

Mississippi River. 3) Chattanooga, TN

The Union Army wins; The deep South is open to invasion. William T. Sherman can wage TOTAL WAR on the South.

Gettysburg

GETTYSBURG

Casualties

VICKSBURG

Gen. Ulysses S. Grant takes control of the Mississippi River

CHATTANOOGA

OPENS UP DEEP SOUTH TO INVASION

TOTAL WAR

William T. Sherman leads Union troops on his “MARCH TO THE SEA”

Wages “TOTAL WAR” Destroys South’s will

to fightBurns and destroys

major Georgia citiesTurns North toward

Richmond, VA

FINAL DAYS

Gen. Robert E. Lee attempts to defend Virginia in 1864-1865…cannot do it

Surrender

Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. U.S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse – April 9, 1865

Casualties

Casualties

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

April 14, 1865Killed by John Wilkes Booth

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

The Assassins