The Cell Review. What is a Prokaryote? Prokaryote ?
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Transcript of The Cell Review. What is a Prokaryote? Prokaryote ?
The Cell Review
Empty slide to keep flashcards in order
What is a Prokaryote?
Prokaryote ?
Prokaryotes DO have: Cell Membrane Cell Wall (not like plant’s cell wall)
Cytoplasm DNA (genetic material) Ribosomes Flagella / Cilia
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Prokaryotes DO NOT have: Nucleus Membrane Bound
Organelles
Flagella
Cilia
Remember: Bacteria are Prokaryotes
Eukaryote ?
What is a Eukaryote?
Eukaryotes
Plants
Animals Fungi
Protista
Eukaryotes DO have:NucleusMembrane Bound Organelles
(Mitochondria, E.R., Golgi, etc.)
What must ALL CELLShave?
Things
(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
What must ALL CELLS have?(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
4 Things:
DNA Cytoplasm
Cell MembraneRibosomes
What 3 things do PLANT CELLS have that an animal cells
do not have?
•Cell Wall•Chloroplasts•Large Vacuole
What 3 things do PLANT CELLS have that an animal cells
do not have?
Name the 3 parts of the Modern Cell Theory
3 parts of the Modern Cell Theory
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
All cells contain specialized structures (organelles) to perform functions necessary for life
All organisms are made of one or more cells and come from other cells by reproduction
Who invented the microscope and saw the first living (alive) cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties?”
(Hint: “Wee” sounds like beginning of his last name)
Who invented the microscope and saw the first living cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties?”
Leeuwenhoek
“Lee” sounds like “Wee”
Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”?
Hint: His name rhymes with “cork”
Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”?
Hint: His name rhymes with “cork”
Hooke
What did Schwann say?
What did Schleiden say?
What did Schwann say?
What did Schleiden say?
Schwann claimed that all animals are made of cells.
Think: Schwann sounds like swan
Schleiden claimed that all plants are made of cells.
Think: Schlidin’ down the vine
Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cells by reproduction?
Hint: His name sounds like “cow”
Cows come from cowsCells come from cells
Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cellsby reproduction?
Virchow“Vircow”
Hint: His name sounds like “cow”
Cows come from cowsCells come from cells
Who did this red meat (hint) experiment and believed in biogenesis?
No Growth No Growth
Who did this red meat experiment and believed in biogenesis?
Redi For Biogenesis
No Growth No Growth
Who did this experiment and believed in abiogenesis?
Hint: He needed more information on how to do a good experiment!!!
Heated (not boiled) Broth
Who did this experiment and believed in abiogenesis?
Needham – Abiogenesis(He needed more information on how to do a good experiment)
Heated (not boiled) Broth
Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?
S-shaped flask
Pasteur - Biogenesis
Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?
S-shaped flask
What determines the shape of a cell?
Nerve Cells Blood Cells Muscle Cells
What determines the shape of a cell?
The cell’s FUNCTION
Nerve Cells Blood Cells Muscle Cells
What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the smallest to largest?
What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the cell?
make up make up make up
____ _______ is when cells perform a specific function
for an organism.
Examples:Red blood cells
blood cells
Nerve cellsWhite
Cell Specialization is when cells perform a specific function for an
organism.
What is the semi-permeable membrane, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?
What is the semi-permeable membrane, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?
Cell Membrane
What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support
and protection for the plant cell?
What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support
and protection for the plant cell?
Cell Wall
What 3 things pass through the cell membrane easily?
What 3 things pass through the cell membrane or cell wall easily?
Carbon DioxideBy Diffusion Oxygen
By Diffusion
H2OBy Osmosis
What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow larger things into and out of the cell?
?
What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow larger things into and out of the cell?
Protein in Protein Channels
What is the jelly-like liquid between the cell membrane
and the nucleus?
???????
What is the jelly-like liquid between the cell membrane
and the nucleus?
Cytoplasm
What is the control center (brain) of the cell?
NUCLEUS
What is the control center (brain) of the cell?
What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?
What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?
Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envelope)and Nuclear Pores
What is the genetic material “Blueprints” that is inside the nucleus?
What is the genetic material “Blueprints” that is inside the nucleus?
CHROMOSOMES
What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell and found in all Eukaryotes (Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protista)
Hint: Think Mighty Mouse that has lots of power
What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell and found in all Eukaryotes (Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protista)
Hint: Think Mighty Mouse that has lots of power
Mitochondria
What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint: If you eat Ribs you are getting protein from the meat.
??????
What makes proteins for the cell?
Remembering Hint: If you eat Ribs you are getting protein from the meat.
RIBOSOMES
What organelle is used for photosynthesis in the plant cell?
Chloroplasts
What is used for photosynthesis in the plant cell?
What grouping are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and chromoplasts part of?
Plastids
What grouping are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and chromoplasts part of?
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called?
VACUOLE
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called?
What digests food and gets rid of unwanted waste in a cell?
?????????
What digests food and gets rid of unwanted waste in a cell?
______________is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell.
Transportation of Proteins
Transportation of Lipids & Carbs
___E.R.________is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell.
____________ is used in packaging proteins and other materials and transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of packaging and sending a gold necklace to your friend in another state. Look like stack of pancakes
____________ is used in packaging proteins and other materials and transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of packaging and sending a gold necklace to your friend in another state. Look like stack of pancakes
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
What are the microtubules
covering the cell, hair like, used for
movement?
What are the microtubules that are whip-like and
used for movement?
What are the microtubules covering
the cell like hair used for movement?
What are the microtubules that are whip-like and used for
movement?
Cilia
Flagella
PROKARYOTES!!!
The movement of molecules (CO₂ , O₂) from HIGH → LOW concentration and does NOT need a cell membrane but can cross one is called ________?________
The movement of molecules (CO₂ , O₂) from HIGH → LOW concentration and does NOT need a cell membrane but can cross one is called __DIFFUSION__
Movement of water across the cell membrane from HIGH → LOW is
called ___?_____.
Movement of water across the cell membrane from HIGH → LOW is
called Osmosis.
What is movement of HIGH → LOW concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein but no energy?
What is movement of HIGH → LOW concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein but no energy?
What is movement of LOW → HIGH concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein and needs energy?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What is movement of LOW → HIGH concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein and needs energy?
________?__________ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell using a cell membrane and energy.
___ Endocytosis _____ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell using a cell membrane and energy.
ENDO = ENTER
________?________ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell using a cell membrane and energy.
___ Exocytosis _____ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell using a cell membrane and energy.
EXO = Exit
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving BIG particles in or out of the cell) is also called _____ ___________
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out of the cell) is also called __BULK TRANSPORT_.
Bulk Transport
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is called____?______. Where does water
go? What does the cell do?
1010% 10%
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is called an isotonic solution. Water goes
in and out; cell stays the same.
1010%10%
H2O
When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is
called______. Where does water go? What does the cell do?
1010%20%
When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called Hypertonic Solution. Water goes
out of cell; cell shrinks.
1010%20%
H2O
When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is called
a ____________. Where does water go? What does the cell do?
1020%10%
When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is called a Hypotonic solution. Water goes into the
cell. The cell swells.
1020%10%
H2O
What happens to the cell in this situation?Where does water move in this situation?
75% H2O93% H2O
What happens to the cell in this situation? Cell ShrinksWhere does water move in this situation? Water moves out
75% H2O 25% Solute
93% H2O7% Solute
Water goes out
You need to understand what happens when given water concentrations instead of solute concentrations.
Hypertonic Solution
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball and explain.
Blood Cells
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball and explain.
1. Geometry: Volume increases faster than surface area which makes it hard for membrane to keep up with needs of the cell
2. Practical aspects: Nucleus can’t handle that big of a job.
Be able to identify which organelles belong to Plant, Animal, or Prokaryotic Cells !ORGANELLE PLANT ANIMAL Prokaryote
Cell Wall Yes No Yes
Cell Membrane Yes Yes Yes
Nucleus Yes Yes No
Nuclear Membrane
Yes Yes No
Cytoplasm Yes Yes Yes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Yes Yes No
Ribosome Yes Yes Yes
Mitochondria Yes Yes No
Lysosome No Yes No
Chloroplast Yes No No
Vacuole Yes (Large) Yes- (Small) No
Golgi apparatus Yes Yes No
Cilia No No Yes
Be able to identify the organelles in plant and animal cells from various pictures in our notes and test review!!!!
Plant Cell Animal Cell
Understand the diffusion lab that we conducted in class. What did the bag represent? What moved into bag and how do you know? What was the control in this experiment? Why did you need a control?
Iodine diffuses into bag because iodine is smaller than bag pores and stains
starch black
Starch too big to diffuse through bag pores so it stays in bag. You know this by the iodine/water in the cup
not turning black.
Water
Rough ER
Ribosome
Smooth ER
Mitochondria
Nuclear Pore
Nucleus
Nuclear Pore
Golgi Bodies
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Rough ER
Golgi Bodies
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Cell WallCell
Membrane
