The Behaviorist and Social Cognitive View of … Behaviorist and Social Cognitive View of...
Transcript of The Behaviorist and Social Cognitive View of … Behaviorist and Social Cognitive View of...
Behaviorist View of Personality
• Behaviorist view of personality = habits
– Everything a person or animal does is a response to some environmental stimulus that has been reinforced or strengthened by reward in some way.
Behaviorist View of Personality• Explanation of a shy personality
– In childhood, parent has a harsh discipline style (stimulus)
– The child is negatively reinforced to keep quiet to avoid punishment
– Later, the child may generalize their approach to other adults, such as teachers
– Thus…..the habit of shyness develops
Social Cognitive Learning Theorists and Views
• Social Cognitive Learning Theorists
– Suggest that observational learning, modeling, and other cognitive learning techniques can lead to the formation of patterns of personality
• Social Cognitive View
– Behavior is generated by external stimuli, response patterns, and cognitive processes such as anticipations, judging, memory, and imitation of models
Albert Bandura (Social-Cognitive View)
• 3 factors determine ones’ personality: environment, behavior, and personal/cognitive factors (early experiences)
• Factors work in reciprocal determination….
– They affect one another and work according to a give-and-take relationships
Albert Bandura’s Factors
• Environment– Actual physical surroundings, the other people who
may or may not be present, and the potential reinforcement in the surroundings
• Behavior– Intensity and frequency of behavior will be
influenced by the environment as well as have an impact on the environment
• Personal/Cognitive Factors– Previously reinforced responses and processes such
as thinking and anticipating • Example: 530 (should read!!!!!)
Albert Bandura• Self Efficacy
– Individual’s expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance
– High or low depending on past, similar circumstances, what other people tell them, and their own assessment of their abilities
– High self-efficacy
• More persistent and expect to succeed
– Low self-efficacy
• Expect to fail and tend to avoid challenges
Julian Rotter
• Believed peoples’ personalities are motivated to seek reinforcement to avoid punishment
• If people act or respond in a way they are reinforced…..that way of responding may become a pattern and part of one’s personality
Julian Rotter
• Locus of Control
– Tendency for people to assume that they have control or do not have control over events and consequences in their lives
– Internal
• High achievement motivation
– External
• Fall into patterns of learned helplessness and depression
Julian Rotter
• Expectancy
– A person’s subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence
• “If you believe you will succeed….. You will!”
Current Thoughts and Criticisms on ….
• Behaviorism
– Theory does not take mental processes into account when describing behavior
– Theory does not take social influences on learning into account