BEHAVIORIST AND HUMANIST THEORIESUnit 5Lesson 4

OBJECTIVES Review psychoanalytic theories. Compare and contrast behaviorist and

humanist theories of personality development.

Identify leading Trait theories.

WARM UP If Freud said that

pleasure drives personality formation, what did the others say drives it?

Jung – Collective unconscious (archetypes)

Adler – Inferiority Erikson – Socialization Horney –

Security/Anxiety

A SURVEY…

Give yourself one point for each of the following A responses: 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13

Give yourself one point for each of the following B responses: 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15

If your A score is higher than 5, you agree more with the behaviorist view of personality.

If you B score is higher than 5, you agree more with the humanist view.

Statement 10 can be interpreted as either view.

BEHAVIORIST / SOCIAL-COGNITIVE MODELS B.F. Skinner

Response Tendencies - personality results from person’s history of reinforcement/punishment for behaviors

Behavior therapy can alter undesired patterns of behavior

Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory – personality is shaped through

learning Observational Learning – learn by watching, including vicarious

reinforcement and punishment Self-Efficacy – learned expectation of success Reciprocal Determinism – personality results from two-way

interaction b/t person’s characteristics and environment

HUMANISTIC THEORIES Alternative to negative,

focus on positive

Born with positive drive to grow & improve (inner-directedness).

Strive for self-determination and self-actualization.

Self-concept reflects perception of who we are and what we’re like.

HUMANISTIC THEORIES Abraham Maslow

Hierarchy of Needs – humans strive to realize full potential once they have satisfied basic needs.

Healthy personality: awareness/acceptance of self, openness & spontaneity, enjoy work, close friendships w/out dependency, sense of humor,

HUMANISTIC THEORIES Carl Rogers

Most important aspect of personality is self-concept: all thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about ourselves Real vs Ideal Self Incongruence – discrepancy between self-concept & reality Congruence – fairly accurate match

To become fully functioning person we need to experience Unconditional Positive Regard -

attitude of total acceptance toward another, loved & worthy no matter what Conditions of worth – requirements for earning

positive regard (love) from others

ROGERS ACTIVITY Write down three

traits or characteristics that best describe you.

Find three other people and ask them what 3 words they would use to describe you.

THINK-PAIR-SHARE In your notes, won’t be collected so be

honest!

Who is your most significant other at this time?

Do you have UPR for this person? Explain. Does this person have UPR for you? Explain. Are there conditions of worth in your

relationship? If so, what are they?

CHECK POINT How do psychoanalytic, humanistic, and

behavioral perspectives of personality differ?

Psychoanalysts emphasize unconscious forces in dvpt of personality

Behavioral (or social-cognitive) theories emphasize impact of learning and cognition on dvpt.

Humanists emphasize rationality and natural desire to be all we can be

TRAIT THEORIES Basic Assumptions

Each person has unique pattern of stable, long lasting traits (internal characteristics).

Gordon Allport 4500 personality traits, or “dispositions” Central traits & Cardinal traits

Raymond Cattell “16PF” Factor Analysis to reduce Allport’s traits to 16 “clusters” Degree to which we possess trait forms unique personality profile Root of all human behavior

Hans Eysenck Hierarchy of traits Introversion-Extroversion, Emotional Stability, Psychoticism

“BIG FIVE” THEORY Openness

Unusual, original thought Conscientiousness

Efficient, ethical, reliable Extroversion

Assertive, social, energetic

Agreeableness Considerate,

trustworthy, warm Neuroticism

Anxious, worrisome, vulnerable

ACTIVITY: PERSONALITY & TEMPERAMENT Go to

fuspsych.wikispaces.com

Select personality

Open personality & temperament p.pt

PLEASE UNDERSTAND ME Keirsey Temperament Sorter II Directions:

Check A or B based on your gut instinct. Do not overanalyze the question, there is no right or wrong answer.

Add down, totaling your A answers per column as well as your B answers.

For boxes 3-8 you will need to transfer and add your A and B answers.

Circle the letter with the greater number of answers. If you are tied, put a large X.

WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN E = Extroverted

S = Sensory

T = Thinking

J = Judging

I = Introverted

N = Intuitive

F = Feeling

P = Perceiving

Jung’s Psychological Types

WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN E / I : What is your

source of energy?

From Others Extraverted Expressive

From Self Introverted Reserved

Ambivert75% Extra, 25% Intro

WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN S / N : How do you gather

info and see the world?

Grounded in here and now, practical, facts Sensory Observant

Future oriented, metaphor, innovative, imaginative Intuitive Introspective75% Sen, 25%

Int

WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN T / F : How do you

make decisions?

With your head, impersonal & objective Thinking Tough-minded

With your heart, personal & value based Feeling Friendly 50% - 50%

WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN J / P : How do you go

about daily life?

Prefer closure and settlement Judging Scheduling

Prefer open-ended, fluid options Perceiving Probing

50% - 50%

CLOSURE Go to Keirsey.com and find your 4 letter

combo or “personality type”. List some famous examples. Describe how it does or does not relate to

you. What do you think about all of this

personality “stuff”?