TH ï. Surgery (Ilajbil Yad) – Surgical intervention in ... · The list of crops are as follows....

13TH Feb, 2019-IAS Current Affairs 3. Surgery (Ilajbil Yad) – Surgical intervention in

treatment as last resort.

Source: http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1564162

‘KUSUM scheme’ (GS3: Indian Agriculture)

Issue: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has formulated a Scheme ‘Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM)’.

‘Unani medicine’ (GS2: Issues related to Health)

Issue: The two -day National Conference on Unani Medicine organized by the Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM) as a part of 3rd Unani Day Celebration concluded in the national capital recently

About Unani medicine

The Unani system of medicine; s ometimes referred to as Greeco-Arab medicine or Unani Tibb; is based on

Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM)’.

The proposal on KUSUM Scheme provides for :-

(i) installation of grid -connected solar power plants each of Capacity up to 2 MW in the rural areas;

(ii) installation of standalone off -grid solar water pumps to fulfill irrigation needs of farmers not connected to grid; and

(iii) solarisation of existing grid -connected agriculture pumps to make farmers independent of grid supply and also enable them to sell surplus solar power generated to DISCOM and get extra income. as Greeco-Arab medicine or Unani Tibb; is based on

Greek philosophy. As per this traditional system, the human body is composed of four basic elements: earth, air, water and fire having cold, hot, wet and dry temperaments respectively. The body fluids are composed of four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. These humors have their own temperament:

Blood: hot & wet Phlegm: cold & hot Yellow bile: hot & dry Black bile: cold & dry

The quality and quantity of four humors affe ct the

power generated to DISCOM and get extra income.


‘Space technology and agriculture’ (GS3: Technology)

Issue: The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, has been pro -active in using the space technology in agricultural sector.

Some of the measures taken in this regard include:

1. The Ministry, since early 80s has been funding

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The quality and quantity of four humors affe ct the state of health and disease in the body.

There are three modes of treatment in Unani system:

1. Regimental therapy (Ilajbil tadbeer) – Use of exercise, climate change, massage, venesection, leaching, cupping, diet therapy etc.

2. Pharmacotherapy (Ilajbil dava) – use of drugs of plant, animal and mineral origin, either alone or in combination.

1. The Ministry, since early 80s has been funding various projects, under which Indian Space Research Organisation developed methodologies for Crop Production Forecasting.

2. he Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare established a Centre, called Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre, in 2012, for operationalisation of the space technology developed in the Indian Space Research Organization, for crop production forecasting

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13TH Feb, 2019 -IAS Current Affairs 3. The Department has another centre called Soil and

Land Use Survey of India, which uses satellite data for soil resources mapping

4. Currently, the Department is using space technology for its various programmes/ areas, such as, Forecasting Agricultural Output using Space, Agro -meteorol ogy and Land -based Observations (FASAL) project, Coordinated programame on Horticulture Assessment and Management using geoiNformatics (CHAMAN) project, National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring System (NADAMS), Rice -Fallow

Rs 1770 per quintal for 2018 -19 season which provide adequate return over cost of production.The National Commission on Farmers (NCF) headed by Dr. M. S. Swaminathan has recommended that the MSP should be at least 50 percent more than the weighted average cost of production.

What is MSP?

Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any shar p fall in farm and Monitoring System (NADAMS), Rice -Fallow

Area Mapping and intensification, geo tagging of infrastructure and assets created under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, and Crop Insurance.

5. The Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare had launched KISAN [C(K)rop Insurance using Space technology And geoiNformatcs] project during October 2015. The project envisaged use of high -resolution remote sensing data for optimum crop cutting experiment planning and improving yield estimation. Under this project, pilot studies were conducted in 4 districts of 4 St ates viz. Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. The study provided many useful inputs [for smart sampling, yield estimation, optimum number of Crop Cutting

agricultural producers against any shar p fall in farm prices. The minimum support prices are announced by the Government of India at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). MSP is price fixed by Government of India to protect the producer - farmers - against excessive fall in price during bumper production years. The minimum support prices are a guarantee price for their produce from the Government. The major objectives are to support the farmers from distress sales and to procure food grains for public distribution. In case the market price for the commodity falls below the announced minimum price due to bumper production and glut in the market, yield estimation, optimum number of Crop Cutting

Experiments (CCEs) etc.], which were used to define Standard Operating Procedures for use of satellite data in the revised guidelines of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna (PMFBY).


Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) (GS3: Indian agriculture)

Issue: Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) in its Price Policy report for Kharif Crops for

due to bumper production and glut in the market, government agencies purchase the entire qua ntity offered by the farmers at the announced minimum price.

Government announces minimum support prices (MSPs) for 22 mandated crops and fair and remunerative price (FRP) for sugarcane. The mandated crops are 14 crops of the kharif season, 6 rabi crops an d two other commercial crops. In addition, the MSPs of toria and de -husked coconut are fixed on the basis of the MSPs of rapeseed/mustard and copra, respectively. The list of crops are as follows.

Cereals (7) - paddy, wheat, barley, jowar, bajra,

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(CACP) in its Price Policy report for Kharif Crops for 2018-19 seasons has suggested bringing a legislation conferring on far mers the ‘Right to Sell at MSP’

Recent measures taken by government with respect to MSP

Government has increased MSPs substantially for all mandated crops including paddy for the season 2018 -19. MSP of paddy (common) has been increased by Rs. 200 and fixed at Rs 1750 per quintal and paddy (grade A) has been increased by Rs 180 and fixed at

Cereals (7) - paddy, wheat, barley, jowar, bajra, maize and ragi

Pulses (5) - gram, arhar/tur, moong, urad and lentil Oilseeds (8) - groundnut, rapeseed/mustard, toria,

soyabean, sunflower seed, sesamum, safflower seed and nigerseed

Raw cotton Raw jute Copra De -husked coconut


13TH Feb, 2019 -IAS Current Affairs Sugarcane (Fair and remunerative price ) Virginia flu cured (VFC) tobacco

About CACP

The Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices (CACP) is an attached office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. It came into existence in January 1965. Currently, the Commis sion comprises a Chairman, Member Secretary, one Member (Official) and two Members (Non -Official). The non -official members

‘Ethanol’ (GS3: Indian Economy)

Issue: More emphasis is being placed on the production of ethanol in India due to its various advantages

Current scenario of ethanol p roduction

Ethanol produced from molasses in the country is primarily used for supply under Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme. During last three ethanol years (December -November) i.e. 2015 -2016, 2016 -Members (Non -Official). The non -official members

are representatives of the farming community and usually have an active association with the farming community. It is mandated to recommend minimum support prices (MSPs) to incentivize the cultivators to adopt modern technology, and raise productivity and overall grain production in line with the emerging demand patterns in the country. Assurance of a remunerative and stable price en vironment is considered very important for increasing agricultural production and productivity since the market place for agricultural produce tends to be inherently unstable, which often inflict undue losses on the growers, even when they adopt the best

years (December -November) i.e. 2015 -2016, 2016 -2017 & 2017 -2018, ethanol supplies under EBP have been respectively 111 crore litres, 66.5 crore litres and 151 crore litres

The fuel grade ethanol has specified purity level of 96.6% or above. For the purpose of blending, there is no difference between the ethanol produced either from molasses or directly from sugarcane.

About Ethanol and its uses

Ethanol is an alcohol obtained from the fermentation of sugars and starches or by chemical synthesis. It is the intoxicating ingredient of alcoholic beverages, and losses on the growers, even when they adopt the best

available technology package and produce efficiently. Towards this end, MSP for major agricultural products are fixed by the government, each year, after taking into account the recommendations of the Commission. As of now, CACP recommends MSPs of 23 commo dities, which comprise 7 cereals (paddy, wheat, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, barley and ragi), 5 pulses (gram, tur, moong, urad, lentil), 7 oilseeds (groundnut, rapeseed -mustard, soyabean, seasmum, sunflower, safflower, nigerseed), and 4 commercial crops (copra, sugarcane, cotton and raw jute). CACP submits its recommendations to the government in the form of Price Policy Reports every year, separately for five groups of commodities

the intoxicating ingredient of alcoholic beverages, and is also used as a solvent, in explosives, and as an additive to or replacement for petroleum -based fuels. Also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol. It’s chemical formula: C 2 H 6 O.

Uses of Ethanol

1. Ethanol is used in medical wipes and most common antibacterial hand sanitizer gels as an antiseptic. Ethanol kills organisms by denaturing their prote ins and dissolving their lipids and is effective against most bacteria and fungi, and many viruses

2. It is also used as a fuel. It burns in air to give carbon dioxide and water and can be used in

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year, separately for five groups of commodities namely Kharif crops, Rabi crops, Sugarcane, Raw Jute and Copra. Before pr eparing aforesaid five pricing policy reports, the Commission draws a comprehensive questionnaire, and sends it to all the state governments and concerned National organizations and Ministries to seek their views.


carbon dioxide and water and can be used in combination with gasoline (petrol).

3. The largest single use of ethanol is as an engine fuel and fuel additive. It has been used as rocket fuel and is currently in lightweight rocket -powered racing aircraft.

4. Ethanol is very soluble in water; it is the ideal solvent for different products such as perfumes, deodorants, h air sprays, and industrial items such as lacquers, varnishes and paints


13TH Feb, 2019 -IAS Current Affairs Source : http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1564056

‘Space technology and Border management’ (GS3: Securi ty)

Issue: Union Government has formed a Task Force for identifying areas for use of space technology in improving border management

Details of the areas identified for use of space

CAPFs.

Long Term

Launch of additional satellites as per need, up gradation of ground segment, full operationlisation of COPS/BOPS software, Capacity building of CAPFs for using space technology.

70 Crore

Five Years

Details of the areas identified for use of space technology are as under: -

(i) Island development and security

(ii) Border Surveillance

(iii) Communication and Navigation

(iv) GIS and Operations Planning System

(v) Border Infrastructure Monitoring

Source : http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1563969

‘Social justice’ (GS2: Government programmes for vulnerable sections of the society)

Issue : Minis try of Social justice and empowerment has been overseeing various schemes to improve the conditions of people and ensure there well being

Some of the measures taken in this regard include:

Term Actions Amount Timeline

Short Term

Establishment of network infrastructure and computing requirements for all CAPFs, hiring of transponders for satellite communication and procurement of satellite data for immediate operational use of the forces.

130 Crore

One year

Development of infrastructure and storage capacity for MHA, capacity building of

1. The Department of Social Justice and Empowerment has launched the ‘ Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana (RVY)’ on 1 st April, 2017 with an objective to provide senior citizens, belonging to BPL category and suffering from age related disabilities/ infirmities, with physical aids and assisted living devices such as walking sticks, elbow crutches, walkers/ crutches, tripods/ quad -pods, hearing aids, wheelchairs, artificial dentures and spectacles free of cost to the beneficiary senior citizens.

2. The scheme is entirely funded from the Senior Citizen’s Welfare Fund (SCWF). Under the Schem e funds are not released to the different States/UTs

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Medium Term

capacity building of CAPFs.

Launch of one satellite for exclusive use of MHA by ISRO and establishment of ground segment to receive inputs from satellite.

Operationalization of COPS/ BOPS Software developed jointly by ISRO/

80 Crore

Three years

funds are not released to the different States/UTs but to the sole Implemented Agency i.e. ‘Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation (ALIMCO)’, a Public Sector Undertaking under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

Source : http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1564092

‘Water harvesting’ (GS1: Indian History)


13 TH Feb, 2019 -IAS Current Affairs Issue: The Water Resources Department has turned to history to find a solution to the drought -prone areas around Halebidu, a popular tourist spot in Belur taluk.

History of this canal

Chief Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy has proposed a canal from the Yagachi river to Dorasamudra — the historic tank spread over 850 acres at Halebidu, once the capital of Hoysala rulers. A significant portion of the proposed canal follows the path of the historic Yagachi Nala of the 12th century.

the fine arts, encouraging literature to flourish in Kannada and Sanskrit .

Yagachi Nala of the 12th century.

An inscription of Narasimha III dated 1,30 0 AD, found at Bennegudda near Halebidu speaks about the canal. It says that all people can use water. Noted British historian Capt. J.S.F. Mackenzie noticed the canal on the Hassan -Belur road and mentions it in his work ‘The Temple at Halebidu’, published in 1872

About the Hoysalas

The Hoysala Empire was a Kannadiga power originating from the Indian subcontinent , that ruled most of what is now Karnataka, India , between the 10th and the 14th centuries. The capital of the

Figure: Extent of Hoysala Empire

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/learning -from -hoysalas -about -water -harvesting/article26253372.ece

‘Assault rifles’ (GS3: Security)

Issue: India has signed an agreement with a US f irm for supply of assault rifles. These new rifles will replace the INSAS assault rifles

About the procurement 10th and the 14th centuries. The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at Belur but was later moved to Halebidu .

The Hoysala rulers were originally from Malenadu , an elevated region in the Western Ghats . In the 12th century, taking advantage of the internecine warfare between the Western Chalukya Empire and Kalachuris of Kalyani , they annexed areas of present -day Karnataka and the fertile areas north of the Kaveri delta in present -day Tamil Nadu . By the 13th century, they governed most of Karnataka, minor parts of Tamil Nadu and parts of western Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in the Deccan Plateau .

The Hoysala era was an important period in the

About the procurement

Of the 72,400 rifles, 66,400 are meant for the Army, 2,000 for the Navy and 4,000 for the Air Force. The broad parameters for the weapon are an e ffective range of 500 m and weight of less than 3 kg. The new rifles will replace the Indian National Small Arms System (INSAS) rifles.

Source : https://www.thehindu.com/todays -paper/tp -national/india -inks -contract -for -72000 -assault -rifles/article26254229.ece

‘Climate change’ (GS3: Conservation of Environment)

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The Hoysala era was an important period in the development of art, architecture, and religion in South India . The empire is remembered today primarily for Hoysala architecture . Over a hundred surviving temples are scattered across Karnataka.

Well known t emples "which exhibit an amazing display of sculptural exuberance" include the Chennakeshava Temple, Belur , the Hoys aleswara Temple , Halebidu , and the Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapura . The Hoysala rulers also patronised

Issue: India and China are leading the global greening effort, which i s quite contrary to the general perception worldwide, a study based on NASA satellite data has said, observing that the world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago

1 . China alone accounts for 25% of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6% of global vegetated area.


13TH Feb, 2019 -IAS Current Affairs 2. The greening in China is from forests (42%) and

croplands (32%), but in India it is mostly from croplands (82%) with minor contribution from forests (4.4%), the study said.

3. China is engineering ambitious programmes to conserve and e xpand forests with the goal of mitigating land degradation, air pollution and climate change.

4. Food production in China and India has increased by over 35% since 2000 mostly owing to an increase in harvested area through multiple cropping facilitated by fer tiliser use and surface or cropping facilitated by fer tiliser use and surface or groundwater irrigation.

5. The study says that the greening trend may change in the future depending on various factors. For example, increased food production in India is facilitated by groundwater irrigation. As the groundwater is depleted, the trend may change.’’

Source: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics -and-nation/india -china-leading -global -greening -effort -nasa-study/articleshow/67953712.cms

‘Crying snake’ (GS3: Environment)

Issue: The discovery of the non -venomous crying Issue: The discovery of the non -venomous crying keelback, whose zoological name is Hebius lacrima , has been published in Zootaxa , the New Zealand -based scientific mega - journal for animal taxonomy.

According to the paper by Mr. Purkayastha and Mr. David, the crying keelback can be differentiated from all other species of the genus Hebius by the combination of a distinctive broad, wh ite, interrupted stripe along its body; three rows of irregular dark blotches (not vertically aligned) on each side; six cream, elongated spots on its anterior part and a smooth dorsal scale row.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci -tech/energy -

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Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci -tech/energy -and-environment/zoologist -discovers -crying-snake -in-arunachal/article26251819.ece


TH ï. Surgery (Ilajbil Yad) – Surgical intervention in ... · The list of crops are as follows....

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