WWF Indonesia – Riau Program

Tesso Nilo NP and Social Development

OUTLINE

• Background • Major threats in the Tesso Nilo • Social Development in Supporting

Protection of NP

Background

• The 170,000 hectare Tesso Nilo Forest Complex in the heart of Sumatra has critically endangered forest type with one of the world’s highest vascular plant diversities ever recorded and has key populations of critically endangered Sumatran elephants and tigers.

• Tesso Nilo has the highest diversity of vascular plants in the world (Gillison, 2001). More than 400 trees of beehive in and around the national park. More than 120 species of birds, more than 40 species of mammals and primates contained in this national park. Some of them are endangered and unique in national and international states.

• Tesso Nilo as a region known worldwide as a tiger and elephant conservation area. Elephant population between 150-200 individual contained in two different pouches of elephants in Tesso Nilo forest ecosystems. Tiger Population based on result of Camera Trap Survey since 2005 until 2011, WWF has been identified 11 (eleven) individual of Tiger

• Tesso Nilo National Park has been extended by 44.492 hectares and its total size now is 83.068 hectares on Oct 2009 trough MoF Decree No 663/Menhut-II/2009.

Tesso Nilo NP

Ministry of Forestry Decree of Tesso Nilo National Park MoF Decree No 255/Menhut-II/2004, 19 July 2004 size 38.576 ha -

MoF Decree No 663/Menhut-II/2009, 15 October 2009 size + 44.492 Hectares -

Total size of Tesso Nilo National Park : 83.068 Ha

Tesso Nilo-Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape *) Vision 2015

recently cleared areas opened forest closed forest grass, shrub short-term crops mixed tree garden rice fields oil palm plantation rubber plantation acacia plantation settlements water bodies

0o

102oE

Kerumutan GR

Rimbang Baling GR

Corridor between Bukit Tp to Rimbang Baling linkage repaired

*) TN-B30 landscape = Tesso Nilo NP, Kerumutan GR, B30

NP, Rimbang Baling GR and their connectivity)

Tesso Nilo NP

Bukit 30 NP

Tesso Nilo Complex is seen as a unified ecosystem of Tesso Nilo area in the status of

conservation (as a Tesso Nilo National Park) and buffer zone area consisting of the villages,

concessions and other cultivation region around the national park.

There are 2 Major threats and directly contributing factor in the Tesso Nilo National Park

• Encroachment – – direct contributing factor : Road Access,

Selling the land by the head village or head of adat, land requirements driving force for oil palm plantations

• Human and Wildlife Conflict – – direct contributing factor : Habitat loss

(encroachment), Wildlife poachers,

Road Access (Road Corridor) ; direct contributing factor for Encroachment

Encroachment in Tesso Nilo - 2009 Based on Landsat satellite images of April 2011 and SPOT satellite images of 2009, the estimation of encroachment is 86,238 hectares (52%) of the Tesso Nilo Complex have been illegally encroached (Table). Most of the encroachment areas were originally covered by natural forest. Landsat and SPOT images between 2002 and April 2011 show that encroachment is an ongoing process with peaks in 2006 (additional 14,164 ha encroached), 2008 (14,704 ha) and 2009 (16,305 ha).

Area size

(ha)

Encroachment

(ha) (% area) (% TN Complex)

Tesso Nilo National Park 83,068 35,416 43% 41%

PT. Siak Raya Timber concession 38,560 32,310 84% 37%

PT. Hutani Sola Lestari concession 45,990 18,497 40% 21%

Tesso Nilo Complex 167,618 86,238 51% 100%

1. Traditional leaders and head village trade the land and facilitating in control and use of land inside of Tesso Nilo NP

2. Easy to get or proess land owner letter like ; Surat Keterangan Ganti Rugi Tanah (SKGR) issued by head village, Surat Kepemilikan Tanah (SKT) issued by head of village or head of sub district, Surat Ijin Menggarap Lahan (SIML) issued by traditional leaders (tokoh adat/batin). All of letter are illegal if the lands are forest area status in Spatial Plan.

3. Average income from oil palm is a net Rp 2 million / 2 ha, this is a driver force income for the long term

Selling the land by the head village or head of adat, land requirements driving force for oil palm

plantations ; direct contributing factor for Encroachment

Habitat Loss caused Some of Elephants Pouches Loss

Drivers deforestation

caused by forest

conversion into Acacia

and Oil Palm

Deforestation has

eliminated

the elephants and their

Pouches

2003 2006

1984 1999

WWF Initiatives in Tesso Nilo

Conservation Intervention and Social Development in Tesso Nilo

2. . Wildlife Mitigation

(Implemented the Flying

Squad )

1. Biodiversity Research

5. Local communities

economic sustainable

development

6. Ecotourism

Development

4. Strengthening Tesso

Nilo Community Forum

3. Support law

enforcement for

encroacher

7. Forest Restoration

Result of Camera Trap Survey in Tesso Nilo in 2008 (0ne camera 5 individual Tiger)

Encroachment Handling in Tesso Nilo National Park

• On 26-27 November 2010, Law enforcement actions were taken by multi-government enforcement agencies (250 personnel).

• On 2011, Project facilitated the law enforcement agencies in the law enforcement against perpetrators of encroachment. The nine perpetrators of encroachment of 6 cases arrested. Two cases with 4 suspects have been detained by police in Pelalawan district for deeper investigation stage by Attorney in Pelalawan district. While the 4 cases with 5 suspects are still in the process of preliminary investigation by PPNS BTNTN.

Elephant Flying Squad

Elephant Flying Squad is a technique to mitigate human-elephant conflict using trained elephants to drive back and escort wild elephants back to their habitat in the effort to reduce loss caused by elephant raid

WWF-Indonesia in collaboration with the Nature Conservation Agency of Riau implemented Elephant Flying Squad since 2004

The Flying Squad team comprises of four adult elephants and eight elephant handlers called mahouts and stationed in Lubuk Kembang Bunga Village, a village directly adjacent to Tesso Nilo National Park.

WWF’s survey estimated economic loss suffered by community due to elephant conflict in two villages (Lubuk Kembang Bunga and Air Hitam) adjacent to Tesso Nilo National Park between 2002 to 2003 reached 1.99 billion rupiah. The survey showed that Lubuk Kembang Bunga Village suffered more loss.

For this reason community roles in protecting the forest need to be enhanced on the other side, the management of the park should be able to contribute to the community economy welfare

In 2007, WWF identified the elephants movement by using GPS collar .

FS with Elephants

FS without Elephants

Plan of FS

4

FS Sungai Medang Camp

PT. Musim Mas

2

FS Elang Emas Camp

PT. Riauppulp

3

FS Air hitam Camp

PT. Inti Indo Sawit

PT IIS - FS Camp

1

FS Pebekalan Camp

WWF-BKSDA

WWF – BBKSDA FS team

Human - Elephants Conflict Mitigation – Flying Squad Teams

Elephant movement identification

using 2007 GPS Collar

Flying Squad reduce the loss rate in Villages close with FS Camp

2009 - 2010

Social Development in Supporting Protection of NP

Tesso Nilo Community Forum

• WWF helped the establishment of Tesso Nilo Community Forum in 2004. Tesso Nilo Community Forum represents 22 villages of four districts in adjacent to Tesso Nilo forest as a media to enunciate community aspiration on the conservation of Tesso Nilo forest.

• The community forum represents 60,000 people from four districts with three to five people per village representing the community from that village. This organization is managed by a Head and supervised by supervision board comprises of community leaders and top traditional leaders.

• The Tesso Nilo Community Forum meets once a month to discuss its operations and progress towards its goals. The forum focuses on four major issues:

– Supporting the reduction of human-wildlife conflict, especially human-elephant conflict

– The protection of the Tesso Nilo Ecosystem and National Park from encroachment, especially from recent migrants from outside the immediate area of the Tesso Nilo Ecosystem

– The management and development of forest products such as Non-Timber Forest Products

– The reduction of social conflict through the protection of forest resources for local communities such as the preservation of good water supplies.

WWF strengthens the Tesso Nilo Community Forum

(TNCF) capacity. TNCF has played a significant role to

increase community awareness toward conservation and

functions as facilitator for community development.

The Tesso Nilo Community Forum has been active in

advocacy for conservation in Tesso Nilo to gain government

commitment for the establishment of the park and to combat

encroachment in the park.

In 2006, with support of Tesso Nilo Community Forum, law

enforcement against a case of encroachment in Tesso Nilo

had been brought to court. The court revealed guilty verdict

to an encroachment perpetrator at this case became the

first law enforcement against encroachment in Tesso Nilo

forest.

Tesso Nilo Community Forum …

Protection of Sialang Tree and its Surrounding Forest

• Community has very long time possessed

local wisdom to protect Sialang tree, a local name to mention trees hived by wild bees, and the forest around so that they will not be cut or destroyed.

• Together with community, WWF helps formulize non written consensus on protection of Sialang tree to village directive and District Head Regulation. Until now, one District Head on Sialang protection namely Kuantan Singingi District Head has been available while another similar regulation from Pelalawan District Head is still in process but four sub districts (Four villages (Gondai, LKB, Gunung Sahilan and Sahilan Darussalam) are following its lead) in Pelalawan issued the declaration letter for protenting the forest in surrounding Sialang.

Survey conducted by WWF recorded 495 Sialang trees (honey trees) in Tesso Nilo National Park and its surrounding areas. One honey tree can be hived by 20-50 honey hives in which hive can produce in average 20-30 kgs of honey.

Tesso Nilo honey is processed without hand squeeze but through filtration so that the honey produced is more hygienic and qualified.

The honey is also harvested in sustainable way that is by not cutting all parts of the bee hives that in this way assists bees to rebuild their hive in shorter period of time.

Tesso Nilo honey which is harvested in sustainable way and processed in hygienic way ensures the honey quality hence has increased its selling price compared to other wild honey product.

Tesso Nilo wild honey is sold for Rp. 37,000/ kg at farmer level.

Sialang Tree Map in and Surrounding Tesso Nilo NP (16 Villages and 3 Districts)

Since 2010, WWF together with Tesso Nilo National Park office have trained forest honey collectors to apply honey harvest and process based on Internal Control System

The honey farmers then are associated in Tesso Nilo Honey Farmer Association. This association comprises of six honey farmer groups from five villages around Tesso Nilo.

WWF assists the farmers in sustainable honey harvest and hygienic process to produce good quality of honey

Since the middle of 2010, Tesso Nilo Honey Farmer has succeeded getting into Malaysia’s market

At least 1 ton of wild honey is shipped to Malaysia each month with selling price Rp. 47,000/ kg.

Honey Bee Development

Woman plays an important role in Malay people who live around Tesso Nilo forest as communal land inherited to woman.

WWF engages woman group in conservation effort in Tesso Nilo through developing derivative products made from bee hives.

Bee hives which contain wax are made into various beautiful handy crafts. Besides that, handy craft made from pandanus leaves which are easily found in Tesso Nilo forest is also developed.

The involvement of woman in conservation value activity help sharpen woman’s awareness on the need to protect the forest

Handy Craft Development,

Women Participation

One of activities contribute to effective management of Tesso Nilo National Park is through developing eco tourism. Tesso Nilo National Park authority and WWF are now developing Tesso Nilo ecotourism packages.

Tesso Nilo’s biodiversity, local tradition of honey bee collecting, elephant patrol with the Flying Squad, tiger research with camera trapping are some eco tourism activities offered.

Involvement of local villagers are also crucial on the development of the ecotourism in Tesso Nilo.

Project has made the 8 track and package. Established tour operator in the village of LKB (Kempas - Involvement of local villagers). Local guides were identified to provide information, they have also been trained on guiding skills. The routes were tested with 4 group foreign and 4 group local visitors. It has been designed signboard and information.

Pelalawan District s Government (including Bupati) have supported the publication of ecotourism and committed to develop the infrastructure

Eco-tourism Development

Flying Squad Activities

Land and Forest Rehabilitation • The planting trees periods of

November was the best option.

Planting trees were carried on 35

ha (20 ha for Forest Friend-WWF

Germany) and 30 ha for WWF

Japan. The working camp has

been established on December

2011 and still on going proccess for

finishing.

THANKS

Elephant herd in Southeat Tesso Nilo Pouch,

Rimba Pranap Indah acacia concession