Technology needs assessments under the UNFCCC...

Technology needs assessments under the UNFCCC process

Vladimir HeclAdaptation, Science and Technology ProgrammeUNFCCC Secretariat

Latin American and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Preparing Technology Transfer Projects for FinancingBelize City, Belize, 5 May 2010

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

The Technology Transfer Framework

• To develop meaningful and effective actions to enhance the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention by increasing and improving the transfer of and access to environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) and know-how, The framework for meaningful and effective actions to enhance the implementation of Article 4.5 of the Convention was established in COP 7 by Decision 4/CP.7.

• Five key themes and areas were identified:- Technology needs and needs assessments- Technology information- Enabling environments- Capacity-building- Mechanisms for technology transfer


Technology Needs Assessments – what are they?• The technology transfer framework defines TNAs as a set of

country-driven activities that identify and determine the mitigation and adaptation technology priorities of Parties, particularly developing country Parties;

• TNAs involve different stakeholders in a consultative process to identify the barriers to technology transfer and measures to address these barriers through sectoral analyses;

• TNAs present an opportunity to track an evolving need for new equipment, techniques, practical knowledge and skills necessary to mitigate GHG emissions and to reduce vulnerability of livelihoods to the adverse impacts of climate change;

• The purpose of TNAs is to assist in identifying and analysing priority technology needs, which can form the basis for a portfolio of EST projects and programmes which can facilitate the transfer of, and access to, the ESTs and know-how in the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention.


Technology Needs Assessments – Progress

• Since COP 7, developing country Parties have been assessing their technology needs in the areas of climate change mitigation and adaptation through an analysis that takes account of their development plans and strategies;

• Through its interim financing for capacity-building in priority areas –enabling activities phase II (also known as “top-ups”) – the Global Environment Facility (GEF) provided funding to 94 Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (non-Annex I Parties) to enable them to conduct TNAs. Of these 94 Parties, 78 are being supported by UNDPand 14 by UNEP;

• In 3/CP.13, Annex I. the Secretariat has been requested in collaboration with UNDP, EGTT, UNEP, and CTI to update the handbook for conducting TNAs taking into account experience, lessons learned indicated in the Synthesis report on TNAs, cross referencing the work on innovative financing, and technologies for adaptation;


Second synthesis report on technology needs• As requested by COP (Decision 3/CP.13, annex I, para 8 (c)) the

secretariat prepared a Second synthesis report on technology needs identified by NAI Parties based on - the 69 TNAs available by 1 December 2008, - the technology needs identified by 39 NAI Parties in their NCs.

• The Second synthesis report is made available for consideration by the SBSTA at its thirtieth session (FCCC/SBSTA/2009/INF.1) and it includes following main findings:

– Since the production of the first synthesis report the number of Parties completing TNAs has more than tripled;

– The number of TNAs submitted to the secretariat provided a platform for a more comprehensive analysis;

– The Second synthesis report provides a detailed information at the regional level on differences and opportunities for technology transfer;


Second synthesis report on technology needs

Parties that submitted TNA reports:

Developing Countries (DC), and Economies in Transition (EIT), Least Developed Countries (LDC);


Technology Needs Assessments – Process


Mitigation and adaptation related sectors

- Most commonly identified mitigation related sectors included energy generation, agriculture and forestry, and transport;

- Most commonly identified adaptation related sectors contained agriculture and forestry, water management, systematic observation and monitoring;

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Per c

ent o

f Par

ties

Ener

gy

Agric

ultu

re an

d fo

rest

ry

Tran

spor

t

Was

te m

anag

emen

t

Indu

stry

Agric

ultu

re

Wat

er re

sour

ces

Syst

emat

ic ob

serv

atio

n

Hum

an h

ealth

Coas

tal z

one

Natu

ral d

isast

er

Tour

ism

Targeted areas

Mitigation Adaptation


Sectors and technologies commonly considered in relation to mitigation

Most commonly identified technology needs for mitigation were RET, energy efficient appliances, waste management technologies, forestry related technologies, and clean vehicles;

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

RET

Foss

il ene

rgy s

uppl

y

CHP

(cog

ener

atio

n)

Misc

ellan

eous

Nucle

ar p

ower

plan

t

Ener

gy ef

ficien

t app

lianc

es

Misc

ellan

eous

DSM

Gree

n bu

ildin

gs m

ater

ials &

des

ign

Dist

rict h

eatin

g

Misc

ellan

eous

Fore

stry

Crop

man

agem

ent

Wat

er an

d lan

d ma

nage

ment

Facil

ities

Vehi

cles

Mana

geme

nt &

pol

icy im

prov

emen

ts

Publ

ic tra

nspo

rt

Freig

ht

Was

te m

anag

emen

t

Indu

stria

l ene

rgy e

fficie

ncy

Fuel

switc

hing

Othe

r

Ceme

nt p

rodu

ctio

n

High

-effi

cienc

y mot

ors

Misc

ellan

eous

indu

strie

s

Boile

rs

Stee

l indu

stry

Mini

ng

Furn

aces

Alum

iniu

m in

dust

ry

Brea

d-ma

king

indu

stry

Per c

ent o

f Par

ties

Energy - 94.1% of Parties

Gen

erat

ion

- 94.

1%

Build

ings

& r

esid

entia

l - 8

9.7 %

Tran

smis

sion

- 69

.1% Industry - 79.4%Transport - 83.8%

Agr

icul

ture

& fo

rest

ry -

88.2

%

Was

te m

anag

emen

t - 8

0.9%


Sectors and technologies commonly considered in relation to adaptation

Most commonly identified technology needs for adaptation were crop management technologies, efficient water use, improving irrigation systems , and early warning systems for forest fires;

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Crop

man

agem

ent

Land

man

agem

ent

Irrig

atio

n

Impr

oved

dra

inag

e

Pest

man

agem

ent

Live

stoc

k

Fish

ery

Food

pro

cess

ing

Fore

stry

Non-

tech

nolo

gica

l

Wat

er tr

ansf

ers

Wat

er re

cycli

ng

Wat

er h

arve

stin

g

Othe

r (so

ft)

Syst

emat

ic ob

serv

atio

n

Othe

r

Impr

oved

sani

tatio

n

Impr

oved

wat

er tr

eatm

ent

Impr

oved

diag

nosis

Cont

rol o

f mos

quito

es

Heat

stre

ss

High

wat

er ex

trem

es

High

win

d ex

trem

es

Hard

stru

ctur

al op

tions

Soft

stru

ctur

al op

tions

Indi

geno

us o

ptio

ns

Othe

r

Impr

oved

dra

inag

e

Emer

genc

y plan

ning

Modi

ficat

ion

of co

des a

nd p

ract

ices

Raisi

ng la

nd an

d ho

uses

Othe

r

Vario

us re

treat

Natu

ral d

isast

ers

Prot

ectiv

e stru

ctur

es

Prot

ectio

n of

bea

ches

Pres

erva

tion

of ri

verb

eds

Per c

ent o

f Par

ties

Agriculture & forestry -82.4% of Parties

Water - 66.2%

Mon

itorin

g - 5

7.48

%

Health - 48.5%

Nat

ural disas

ters

- 27

.9%

Tour

ism

- 14

.7%

Prot

ect -

41.2%

Coastal zone - 47.1%

Acc

omod

ate - 3

9.7%

Ret

reat

- 23

.5%


Barriers to technology transferThe main barriers to technology transfer were economic and market barriers, followed by human capacity, information and awareness, institutional, policy related and regulatory barriers;

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90Pe

r cen

t of t

he P

artie

s

Eco

nom

ic/m

arke

t

Hum

an

Info

rmat

ion/

awar

enes

s

Inst

itutio

nal

Reg

ulat

ory

Pol

icy-

rela

ted

Tech

nica

l

IPR

s

Oth

er

Infra

stru

ctur

e


The measures to address barriers The measures to address these barriers were regulatory and policy related, information and awareness, improving the economic situation, obtaining support from international financial institutions;

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Pe

r cen

t of P

artie

s

Regu

lator

y

Info

rmat

ion/

awar

enes

s

Econ

omic/

mar

ket

Polic

y-re

lated

Inst

itutio

nal

Hum

an

Tech

nica

l

Infra

stru

ctur

e

Othe

r


Regional analysisThe submissions of TNAs are covering the following regions and Parties:

• Latin America and the Caribbean - Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia; (15)

• Africa - Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Niger, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Seychelles, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe; (30)

• Asia and the Pacific - Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Niue, Philippines, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam; (14)

• Europe and CIS - Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; (10)

Groups: (LDCs, SIDS, DC, EIT)


Regional analysis – sectors and technologies related to mitigationAfrican Parties addressed technology needs in agriculture, forestry and land use sectors, followed by the energy sector (including increasing of the use of RET, electrification of rural areas), waste management, industry and transport as their main priority.

Parties from Latin America and the Caribbean identified their technology needs mostly in the energy sector. They identified the need to foster clean energy technologies, such as RET, lower carbon fuels and high efficiency power generation.

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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Fore

stry

Wat

er a

nd la

nd m

anag

emen

t

Crop

man

agem

ent

RET

Foss

il ene

rgy

supp

ly

CHP

(cog

ener

atio

n)

Misc

ellan

eous

Nucl

ear p

ower

plan

t

Ener

gy-e

ffici

ent a

pplia

nces

Misc

ellan

eous

DSM

Gree

n bu

ildin

gs -

mat

erial

s & d

esig

n

Dist

rict h

eatin

g

Misc

ellan

eous

Was

te m

anag

emen

t

Fuel

swi

tchi

ng

Indu

stria

l ene

rgy-

effic

iency

Ceme

nt p

rodu

ctio

n

Othe

r

High

-effi

cienc

y mo

tors

Mini

ng

Furn

aces

Boile

rs

Stee

l ind

ustry

Misc

ellan

eous

indu

strie

s

Alum

iniu

m in

dust

ry

Brea

d-m

akin

g in

dust

ry

Facil

ities

Mana

gem

ent &

pol

icy i

mpro

vem

ents

Vehi

cles

Publ

ic tr

ansp

ort

Frei

ght

Per c

ent o

f Par

ties

Energy - 93.1% of Parties

Gen

erat

ion

- 93.

1%

Tran

smis

sion

- 69

%

Agri

cultu

re &

fore

stry

- 10

0%

Was

te m

anag

emen

t - 8

2.2%

Industry - 82.8% Transport - 79.3%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

RET

Foss

il ene

rgy s

uppl

y

CHP

(cog

ener

atio

n)

Misc

ellan

eous

Nucle

ar p

ower

plan

t

Ener

gy-e

fficie

nt ap

plian

ces

Misc

ellan

eous

DSM

Gree

n bu

ildin

gs -

mate

rials

& de

sign

Dist

rict h

eatin

g

Misc

ellan

eous

Vehi

cles

Publ

ic tra

nspo

rt

Facil

ities

Mana

geme

nt &

pol

icy im

prov

emen

ts

Freig

ht

Crop

man

agem

ent

Fore

stry

Wat

er an

d lan

d ma

nage

ment

Was

te m

anag

emen

t

Indu

stria

l ene

rgy-

effic

iency

Othe

r

High

-effi

cienc

y mot

ors

Fuel

switc

hing

Misc

ellan

eous

indu

strie

s

Ceme

nt p

rodu

ctio

n

Boile

rs

Stee

l indu

stry

Mini

ng

Furn

aces

Alum

iniu

m in

dust

ry

Brea

d-m

akin

g in

dust

ry

Per c

ent o

f Par

ties

Energy - 100% of PartiesGen

erat

ion

- 100

%

Bui

ldin

gs &

res

iden

tial -

86.

7%

Tran

smis

sion

- 60

%

Agr

icul

ture

& fo

rest

ry -

73.3

%Transport - 86.7%

Was

te m

anag

emen

t - 7

3.3%

Industry - 66.7%


Regional analysis – sectors and technologies related to adaptationMajority of the LDCsaddressed adaptation technology needs for modernization of theagriculture and forestry sectors. LDCs also identified water related needs, such as water transfers, recycling and conservation, and technologies for systematic observat. and monitoring,health and coastal zone as the most appropriate.

Many new ESTs relevant to the sustainable development of SIDS are now becoming available. Some SIDS identified agriculture, coastal zone, and water management as their main adaptation related sectors. Crop and land management technologies, systematic observation and monitoring technologieswere considered key to successfully deal with natural disasters.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Crop

man

agem

ent

Land

man

agem

ent

Irrigation

Pest m

anag

emen

t

Improv

ed drainag

e

Live

stoc

k

Fish

ery

Food

proce

ssing

Forestry

Non-tech

nologica

l

Hard st

ructural

optio

ns

Indige

nous

options

Soft structural

optio

ns

Othe

r

Othe

r

Emerge

ncy p

lanning

Modific

ation of co

des

Improv

ed drainag

e

Raisi

ng of lan

d & ho

uses

Vario

us re

treat

Water tran

sfers

Water harve

sting

Othe

r (so

ft)

Water re

cycli

ng/co

nserva

tion

System

atic

obse

rvation

Natural d

isasters

Improv

ed diag

nosis

Control o

f mos

quito

es

Othe

r

Water/fo

od-borne

dise

ases

Heat st

ress

High

water ex

tremes

High

wind ex

tremes

Protec

tion of bea

ches

Protec

tive s

tructures

Per c

ent o

f Partie

s .

Agriculture & forestry - 81.8% of Parties


Protec

t - 72.7%

Acc

omod

ate - 6

3.6%

Retreat - 45

.5%

Water - 72.7%

Mon

itorin

g - 6

3.6%

Health - 45.5%

Natural disas

ters - 54

.5%

Tourism - 27

.3%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Land

man

agem

ent

Crop

man

agem

ent

Irrigation

Improv

ed drainag

e

Pest m

anag

emen

t

Live

stoc

k

Fish

ery

Food

proce

ssing

Forestry

Non-tech

nologica

l

Water tran

sfers

Water re

cycli

ng/co

nserva

tion

Water harve

sting

Othe

r (so

ft)

System

atic

obse

rvation

Othe

r

Emerge

ncy p

lanning

Modific

ation of co

des

Improv

ed drainag

e

Raisi

ng of lan

d & ho

uses

Hard st

ructural

optio

ns

Indige

nous

options

Soft structural

optio

ns

Othe

r

Vario

us re

treat

Water/fo

od-borne

dise

ases

Othe

r

Control o

f mos

quito

es

Improv

ed diag

nosis

Heat st

ress

High

water ex

tremes

High

wind ex

tremes

Natural d

isasters

Protec

tion of bea

ches

Protec

tive s

tructures

Per c

ent o

f Partie

s .

Agriculture & forestry -95.7% of Parties


Protec

t - 34.8%

Acc

omod

ate - 3

9.1%

Retreat - 21

.7%

Water - 69.6%

Mon

itorin

g - 5

2.2% Health - 43.5%

Natural disas

ters - 34

.8%

Tourism - 17

.4%


Regional analysis – capacity building needs• As reported by some Latin American and Caribbean Parties in their

TNAs, it is critical to address the building of capacity for effective communication and technology understanding, and improve the networking with regional and international scientific groups;

• Many TNAs delivered from African Parties indicated a strong need for the support for capacity-building, reporting large potential to improve institutions and infrastructure, and to develop training and human capacity;

• According to some Parties the capacity-building needs in the Asianregion should focus on building of institutional capacities to support transfer of ESTs, further encouragement of the innovation process, and building targeted technical and scientific skills to utilise its potential for development of indigenous technologies;

• According to some TNAs, capacity-building in the Europe and CISshould be more focused on the dissemination of information on available funding opportunities at the national and European levels, efficient energy consumption, availability of information on energy efficiency and RET, the dissemination of success stories on additional benefits of utilization of ESTs;


Need to implement the TNA results

• The delivered TNAs has proved that they might be an effective tool for decision makers involved in the facilitation of the technology transfer process;

• The TNA process not only helps identify specific technology needs, but also points out the direction in which, for example, the future policies and regulations will need to progress;

• To meet national objectives to combat CC and to meet UNFCCC objective of implementing technology transfer framework TNA results should be translated into applications;

• A guidebook on preparing technology transfer projects for financing was developed to assist in the implementation of the TNA results. This guidebook is available in several languages and it is currently supported by the ongoing regional training workshops for project developers;



A new TNAs financed through the first funding window of the Poznan strategic programme:

Africa: Kenya, Senegal, Cote d’Ivoire, Morocco, MaliAsia: Bangladesh, Thailand, Viet-Nam, Indonesia, Cambodia Latin America & Caribbean: Argentina, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Peru Europe: Georgia

• The final (15) country reports submissions are expected between July-September 2011.

• Technology Action Plans (TAPs) for the participating countries are final output from the project incl. 4 steps:

- prioritization of technologies and sectors (via revision of TNA, NAPAs NCs and other relevant docs),

- analyze the market conditions for each technology, - identification of policies to develop an enabling environment

for implementation- required policy and other actions to create enabling framework

put together as the TAP.



• In the 69 TNA reports there is in total 264 projects ideas reported by 18 NAI Parties.

• The total budget is slightly above US 11 billions, while budgets of 32 of these 264 projects were not reported.

• In 2009 developed an updated UNDP –UNFCCC Handbook for Conducting TNAsfor Climate Change.

Projects proposed within TNA reports:Energy production

Examples of the proposed projects:•Development of hydropower plant for national use and export of electricity.•Off-grid solar electrification program to electrify rural households.•Bio-diesel production for the transport sector.•Diffusion of solar heaters, by emergence of a local industrial manufacturing.

Examples of the proposed projects:•Deployment of energy-efficient lighting to reduce energy consumption using energy efficient bulbs in municipalities.

•Implementation of enhanced quality solar cookers.

Projects proposed within TNA reports:Energy consumption

Examples of the proposed projects:•Use of additional raw blending materials such as pulverized fly ash or slag to replace traditional raw materials such as clay in cement kilns with objective to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

•Increase production capacity of Compact Fluorescent Lamps, with unchanged energy intensity thanks to innovative production technologies.

Projects proposed within TNA reports:Industry - production

Projects proposed within TNA reports:Industry - efficiency

Examples of the proposed projects:

•Renovation of a thermal power plant in the mining sector, replacement of generators with high efficient technology.

•Introduction of an auditing facility for industrial plants, installation of energy management system for recognition of energy-intensive spots in the production process.

Projects proposed within TNA reports:Forestry

Examples of the proposed projects:•Increasing CO2 sequestration capacity by aforestation of river basins and degraded land plots.

•Installation of fire monitoring facilities to assess the more threatened forest areas from climate change point of view and the desertification scale due to fires.

•Planting of protective forest, irrigation management of agricultural fields.

Projects proposed within TNA reports:Transport

Examples of the proposed projects:•Installation of innovative technologies on the national rail grid.

•Bio-diesel and ethanol production for blending with the traditional fuels such as petroleum and diesel.

•Increase efficiency of public vehicles such as buses and public service cars.

rojects proposed within TNA reports:aste Management

mples of the proposed projects:elopment program for power generation from bio-fuel produced from

rojects proposed within TNA reports:formation & Awareness

mples of the proposed projects:ing awareness on environmental modes of transport – education of

ers and carrier staff.

ngthen knowledge of national stakeholders on various aspects and

Thank you for your attention.

Technology needs assessments under the UNFCCC...

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