TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS

Ms Nisha Mathew

LEARNING

Definition by Crow and Crow“ It is the acquisition of Knowledge habit & attitude in an

individual for the betterment of self & society”.

LEARNING PYRAMID

LEARNING PROCESS

STEPS1. Adjustment between teachers & students2. Establishment of goals3. Motivation of Learners4. Fixation or the stabilization of the behavior.5. Change in students Behavior.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING It is Unitary Individual and social Purposive Creative Modifies the behavior of individual Helps to make choices in life Helps bring changes in life Helps in continuous professional development It tunes with the trends and development in particular

fields.

PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING Progressive change in behavior Motivated by adjustment Universal Never ending growth Continuous process Goal directed or Purposive Active & creative Aroused by individual & Social needs Response of the whole individual to the total situation Transferable Possible on cognitive, affective & Conative side A Process not a Product

FACTORS INFLUENCING LEARNING

Age Intelligence Interest Holistic health Maturation Fatigue Insight Ability or capacity Motivation

Nature of knowledge Meaningfulness of content Practice Learning situation and

environment Clarity of content Task oriented Variety in content and teaching

method Students involvement Teachers enthusiasm

Intrinsic factors Extrinsic factors

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Definition: These are the result sought by the learner at the end of the educational programme, that is what the student will be able to do at the end of a learning period, that they could not before hand.

FUNCTIONS & IMPORTANCE Teacher and learner get clear direction Helps teacher to plan appropriate evaluation method Inform student and teacher about the gap between

expected and actual number of changes occurred Providing direction to teaching and learning evaluation

process in a particular evaluation education system. Focus on particular teaching and learning activity Determine course material, infrastructure, course

content, curricular and extracurricular activity Monitor teaching learning process under predetermined

objective

CHARACTERISTICSEducational objective must be SMART and FOCUSEDS-Specific F-FeasibleM-Measurable O-ObservableA-Attainable C-Centered on studentR-Realistic U-UnequivocalT-Time bound S- Sequentially appropriate E-Ever relevant D-Developmentally appropriate

TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1. According to level of educational objectives General or Institutional objective Intermediate Objective Instructional Objective/Specific Objective/

Behavioral or learning objective2. According to taxonomy of Educational

Objective Cognitive Affective Psychomotor

FORMULATION OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES According to the domains to be assessedCognitive, affective or the Psychomotor

COGNITIVE DOMAIN

Active verbs used for writing objectives in cognitive domain

Knowledge

Comprehension

Application

Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

Define Assosciate Add Analyze Categorize Appraise

Count Compute Apply Arrange Combine Assess

Identify Convert Calculate Illustrate Explain Compare

List Distinguish Examine Develop Summarize

Judge

Describe Explain Demonstrate

diagram specify critique

AFFECTIVE DOMAIN

VERBS USED Recieving Respondin

gValuing Oranganis

ingCharacterisation

Accept Agree Adapt Anticipate Administer

Acknowledge

Demonstrate Contribute Collaborate Advance

Observe Communicate

Delay Coordinate Change

Listen Participate Share Design Influence

Receive Respond suggest Simplify Prompt

PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN

VERBS USEDPerception Set Guided

ResponseMechanism

Complex Overt Response

Adaptation

Origination

Describe Arrange Assemble Build Assemble Adapt DesignDifferentiate

Display Construct Calibrate Construct Solve Creates

Distinguish

Explain Display Complete

Coordinate Reorganize

Combine

Identify Prepares Fix Measure Demonstrate

Rearrange

Formulate

Isolates Proceed Manipulate

Organize Manipulate

Integrates Modify

Recognize Respond Reproduce

Perform Fix Adjust Originate

FORMULATE ONE OBJECTIVE

LESSON PLAN Definition: Lesson plan is a plan prepared by a teacher to

teach a lesson in an organized manner. It is plan of action and should have understanding on the teacher's part about the students, knowledge and expertise about the topic being taught and ability to use effective methods.

FUNCTIONS OF LESSON PLAN Ensure a definite objective Helps for adequate and appropriate use of resources in

an efficient way Keeps the teacher on track to ensure steady progress

for a definite outcome of teaching Clarifies what, how, where and when to teach Directs teaching –learning process and procedure Review the subject matter Helps for delimitations Well planning increase interest of student Provides guidelines about classroom instructions Sensible framework for teacher Provides confidence, self reliance, ease and freedom to

teacher

IMPORTANCE OF LESSON PLAN Provides guidelines both teacher and

students Helps to achieve definite objectives Makes teaching systematic, economical Provides confidence to face the class Links new knowledge Prepares pivotal questions and illustrations Evaluate lesson proceeds Use a wider variety of teaching materials Plan as per the availability and accessibility

of resource materials

PRE REQUISITES OF LESSON PLAN Knowledge and mastery of subject matter Knowledge of student psychology Knowledge of methods and techniques Knowledge of aims Knowledge about the student’s interests, traits and

abilities Teacher’s competence Selection and organization of subject matter - Learning activities - Teaching activities - Type of illustrative materials - Assignments- Evaluation - References and bibliography

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LESSON PLAN Clearly written Definite aim and objectives Extension of existing knowledge Simple and comprehensive Flexible Ensures active teaching Division with essence of wholeness Individualized and customized Feasibility and significance Proceed from general to specific Completeness Inclusion of summary, recapitalization, bibliography

and student assignment

STEPS OF LESSON PLANNING Preparation or introduction Presentation Comparison or association Generalizations Application Recapitulation

FORMAT FOR LESSON PLAN I. Cover page : This must include topic of

lesson plan, date of submission, name of supervisor, name and details of presenting teacher

II. First page : this page must include the following basic information :

( Example )Basic lesson plan information :Subject : communication and education

technology

CONTD…Name of topic :assessment of learning needsName of teacher : Ms. Naina Sharma Name of supervisor : Mrs. Sindhu Pilli Date of teaching : 23/04/13Time of teaching : 10am-11am Venue of teaching : lecture theater no.2 Group: B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students Size of group: 25 Method of teaching : lecture cum discussion Duration : one hour AV Aids : Power point presentationPrevious knowledge : the group has some knowledge

about the topic: Assessment of learning needs

General objective: At the end of the class, students will be able to acquire knowledge about assessment of learning needs

Specific objectives: At the end of teaching , students will be able to

Define various terms related to assessment of learning needs

Explain about historical perspective Enlist types of assessment Enumerate principles of assessment for learning Describe purposes of conducting assessment of

learning needs

III. Main body of lesson plan :

IV. Appendix of lesson plan : This include giving the assignment to students and recommending further reading, writing the bibliography and references

S. No.

Time Contributory objective

Content matter

Teaching – learning activity-----------------------------AV Aids / Evaluation