Hello!I am Mohan reddyI am here because I love to

give presentations.

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Contents:

Function of Taxiway.

Factors to be considered. Geometric design standards.

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To make you clear ,I let you know the terminology that we will come across in Taxiway design.

TYPICAL LAYOUT OF AN AIRPORT10-09-2016

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Important Components of An Airport Layout

1. Runway 2. Terminal Building 3. Apron4. Taxiway5. Aircraft Stand6. Hangars7. Control Tower8. Parking

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Runway:

A runway is the area where an aircraft lands or takes off. It can be grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete. Runways have special markings on them to help a pilot in the air to tell that it is a runway (and not a road) and to help them when they are landing or taking off. Runway markings are white.

Most runways have numbers on the end. The number is the runway's compass direction. (For example, runway numbered 36 would be pointing north or 360 degrees). Some airports have more than one runway going in the same direction, so they add letters to the end of the number R for right, C for center, and L for left.

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Terminal Buildings

Also known as airport terminal, these buildings are the spaces where passengers board or alight from flights. These buildings house all the necessary facilities for passengers to check-in their luggage, clear the customs and have lounges to wait before leaving. The terminals can be housecafes, lounges and bars to serve as waiting areas for passengers.

Ticket counters, luggage check-in or transfer, security checks and customs are the basics of all airport terminals. Large airports can have more than one terminal that are connected to one another through link ways such as walkways, sky-bridges or trams. Smaller airports usually have only one terminal that provides all the required facilities.

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Terminal Building

Aprons

Aircraft aprons are the areas where the aircraft park. Aprons are also sometimes called ramps. They vary in size, from areas that may hold five or ten small planes, to the very large areas that the major airports have.

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4. Taxiway A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other facilities. They mostly have hard surface such as asphalt or concrete, although smaller airports sometimes use gravel or grass. 

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5. Aircraft Stand

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It is a guidance system which gives information to the pilot attempting to park an aircraft at an airport stand,usually via Visual Docking Guidance System.

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HangarA hangar is a closed building structure to hold aircraft , spacecraft or tanks in protective storage.Most hangars are built of metal,but other materials such as wood and concrete are also used.

7. Control Tower A tower at an airfield from which air traffic is controlled by radio and observed physically and by radar. 8. ParkingParking is a specific area of airport at which vehicles park.

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Control tower

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Taxiway:A taxiway is a path for aircraft at an airport connecting runways with aprons hangers terminals and other facilities.

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Functions of Taxiway:

The main function of taxiway is provide free access to the aircrafts from the runways to the apron or service hanger.

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Factors to be considered for layout of taxiway:

Taxiway should be so arranged that the aircrafts which have just landed and moving towards the apron, do not interfere with the aircrafts taxiing for take-off.

At the busy airport, taxiway should be located at various points along the runway so that the landing aircraft leaves the runway as early as possible and keeps it clear for use by other aircrafts.Such taxiway are called “exit taxiway”

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Runway and Taxiway

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The route for taxiway should be so selected that it provides the shortest practicable distance from the apron.

As for as possible, the intersection of taxiway and runway should be avoided.

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Geometric Design Standards:

• Length of taxiway• Width of taxiway• Width of safety area• Longitudinal gradient• Transverse gradient• Rate of change of longitudinal gradient• Sight distance• Turning radius

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Length of Taxiway:

• It should be as short as practicable.• No specifications are recommended by any organisation.

Width of Taxiway:

• Width of taxiway is lower than the runway width. • The speed of an aircraft on a taxiway is also less than the runway.

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Width of safety area:• This area includes taxiway pavement on either side that may be partially paved plus the area that is graded and drained.• A width of 7.5 m of shoulders adjacent to the pavement edges should be paved with light strength material.

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Longitudinal Gradient:• ICAO recommends that the longitudinal gradient should not exceed 1.5% for A and B types and 3% for C,D and E types. Taxiway Geometrics

Classificaton by ICAO

Taxiway width

m ft

Max. long. gradient %

Min.Transv erse gradient %

Max rate of change of longitudinal gradient /100ft, %

Safety area width

A 22.5 75 1.5 1.5 1.0 Paved

shoulders

B 22.5 75 1.5 1.5 1.0

are not mandatory

C 15.0 50 3.0 1.5 1.0 but are suggested

D 9.9 33 3.0 2.0 1.2If need exists.

E 7.5 25 3.0 2.0 1.2

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Transverse Gradient:• This is essential for quick drainage of water.• ICAO has recommended that the transverse gradient should not exceed 1.5% for A,B and C types and 2% for D and E types.Rate of change of longitudinal gradient:• ICAO recommends that the rate of change of slope in longitudinal direction should not exceed 1% per 30 m length of vertical curve for A,B and C types and 1.2% for D and E type of airports.

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Sight distance:• ICAO has recommended that the surface of taxiway must be visible from 3m height for a distance of 300m for A,B and C types and distance of 250m be visible for 2.1m height for D and E types of airports.Turning radius:• Whenever there is a change in the direction of taxiway a horizontal curve is provided.• The curve is designed that the aircraft can negotiate it without significantly reducing the speed. • Circular curve of large radius is suitable for this purpose.

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The radius of horizontal curve is obtained by R=V2/125f V=speed in kmph Coefficient of friction (f)=1.3

Horonjeff equation R= 0.388W2

T/2 – S R= radius of taxiway W= wheel base of taxiway (m) T= width of taxiway pavement (m) S= distance b/w midway point of main gears and the edge of taxiway pavement (m) for supersonic & subsonic planes it is taken as 180m & 120m

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