Tanker performance and Annex VI compliance Manager Research and Projects St. Petersburg 25 November...
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Tanker performance and Annex VI compliance [email protected] Manager Research and Projects St. Petersburg 25 November 2008 Vostoc Capital’s The 2nd Annual Fuel trading and Bunkering Conference
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Tanker performance Safety Incidents Pollution Age Hull Emissions/Annex VI
Transcript of Tanker performance and Annex VI compliance Manager Research and Projects St. Petersburg 25 November...
Tanker performance and Annex VI compliance
[email protected] Research and Projects
St. Petersburg 25 November 2008Vostoc Capital’s
The 2nd Annual Fuel trading and Bunkering Conference
INTERTANKO
• Trade Association for tanker owners• 260 members, 40 countries, 2500 tankers, • 300 Associate Members• ONTERTANK office 25 persons• Representation – IMO, Brussels
Washington• Information advisory service• Meeting place• Oslo – London - Washington - Singapore
Tanker performance
• Safety• Incidents• Pollution• Age• Hull• Emissions/Annex VI
Tanker incidents by cause 1978-2006
Number incidents
0
200
400
600
800
1000War
Hull & Machinery
Fire/Expl
Grounded
Coll/Contact
Misc
Source: Based on incident reports from Informa
Tanker incidents by cause 2006
Source: Based on incident reports from Informa
19%33%
9%24%
13%
Collision
Grounding
Fire/Explosion
Hull &machineryMisc/unknown
Collision
Groundings
Hull & Machinery (total 60,24 engine, 3 hull)
Miscellaneous
F & E
Reported tanker incidents Jan-Nov
2006 - total 236
Tanker incidents by size 2006Jan-Nov 236
Source: Based on incident reports from Informa
12%
54%
24%
11%
Below 10,000 dwt
30-100,000 dwt
10-30,000 dwt
+100,000 dwt
Tanker incidents by age 2006Jan-Nov 236
Source: Based on incident reports from Informa
12%
5%
27%
30% 25%
1990s2000s
1980s1970s
Typical tanker incident
Source: Based on incident reports from Informa
• GITTA KOSAN (Isle of Man)• London, Nov 4 -- Following received from Stavanger
RCC, timed 0000, UTC: Liquid Petroleum Gas Carrier Gitta Kosan (4086 gt, built 1990), in ballast, drifting due to engine problems about 30 miles south of Stavanger. Salvage tug Kaliningradets about five miles from the casualty.
• Gitta Kosan , Class: Bureau Veritas, 4811 Dwt, IMO No: 8817693, P+I Club:Unknown, Contact: TESMA I.O.M. Ltd, Douglas, Isle of Man, phone 44-1624-664095, fax 44-1624-664096, Contact: J. Lauritzen A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark, phone 45--33968000, fax 45--33968001)
Tanker incidents 2006
• Mainly minor without fatalties, pollution serious damage to property
• 40% port (or port entrance) related• 14/236 pollution (mainly very small incidents)• Solar 1, cargo 2000 ts of “industrial fuel”,
sunk, the Philippines' “worst-ever” oil spill may have been holed by another vessel while illegally off-loading at sea
• HFO 10 time worse than most crude oils
Tanker accidents and trade
Source: ITOPF/Fearnleys
0
100
200
300
400
500
600 '000 Tonnes Trade in Tonne miles
Trade in Tonne-miles (Fearnleys)
1000 ts spilt Bn tonne-miles trade
Accidental oil pollution from tankers and tanker trade
Source: ITOPF/Fearnleys/INTERTANKO
1000 bn 1000 bn tonne-milestonne-miles1000 ts1000 ts
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1986-95 1996-050
15,000
30,000
45,000
60,000
75,000
90,000
105,000
ts spilt
tonne-miles
99.99997% of the 99.99997% of the oil transported by oil transported by
tankers arrived tankers arrived safely in 1986-safely in 1986-
2005, when also 2005, when also including including
operational operational pollutionpollution
Source: ITOPF/Fearnleys/INTERTANKO
Accidental pollution from tankerslargest accidents
Source: ITOPF
0
100
200
300
400
500
60019
6719
70
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Independenta
Amoco Cadiz Castillo de Bellver
Exxon Valdez
Odyssey
ABT Summer
Erika
Erika
Prestige
Tasman Spirit
Atlantic Empress
Assimi
1000 ts spilt
4 spills>220,000 ts 6 spills100-144,000 ts 11 spills 50-100,000 ts
Largest tankers pollution accidentsShipname Year Location Oil lost (ts)Atlantic Empress 1979 Off Tobago, West Indies 287,000ABT Summer 1991 700 nautical miles off Angola 260,000Castillo de Bellver 1983 Off Saldanha Bay, South Africa 252,000Amoco Cadiz 1978 Off Brittany, France 223,000Haven 1991 Genoa, Italy 144,000Odyssey 1988 700 nautical miles off Nova Scotia, 132,000Torrey Canyon 1967 Scilly Isles, UK 119,000Sea Star 1972 Gulf of Oman 115,000Irenes Serenade 1980 Navarino Bay, Greece 100,000Urquiola 1976 La Coruna, Spain 100,000Hawaiian Patriot 1977 300 nautical miles off Honolulu 95,000Independenta 1979 Bosphorus, Turkey 95,000Jakob Maersk 1975 Oporto, Portugal 88,000Braer 1993 Shetland Islands, UK 85,000Khark 5 1989 120 nautical miles off Atlantic coast of 80,000Aegean Sea 1992 La Coruna, Spain 74,000Sea Empress 1996 Milford Haven, UK 72,000Katina P 1992 Off Maputo, Mozambique 72,000Prestige* 2002 Off the Spanish coast 63,000
Exxon Valdez 1989 Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA 37,000Evoikos 1997 Singapore Straits 29,000Nakhodka 1997 Oki Island, western Japan's Shimane 17,500(NN) Erika 1999 Brest, France 20,000
Accidental pollution from tankerslargest accidents and age
Source: Informa/INTERTANKO
0
220
440
660
880
1100
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 060.0
3.2
6.4
9.6
12.8
16.0
Incidents
Age
Number incidents Average age
Accidental pollution from tankerslargest accidents and age
Source: ITOPF/INTERTANKO
Oil pollution – 1000 ts Average age
0
100
200
300
400
500
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 060.0
3.2
6.4
9.6
12.8
16.0
Accidental pollution
Age
Total losses, tankers and bulkers
Source: Clarkson
Number
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Tankers 47
Bulkers 155
Tanker phase out SH tankers above 5,000 dwt - m dwt
Source: INTERTANKO
m dwt
0
10
20
30
40
50
60MARPOL (min phase out - trading of SHuntil 25 years)EU + no SH after 2010
OPA90
Phase out SH tankers 5-29,999 dwt
Source: INTERTANKO
Number
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARPOL
EU
OPA90
Phase out year
Phase out SH tankers 200,000 dwt +
Source: INTERTANKO
Number
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARPOL
EU
OPA90**
Phase out year
** SH tankers can trade to LOOP and dedicated lightering areas until 2015
Tanker fleet by hull
Source: INTERTANKO
%
622
5159
67 68 71 74 77
9478
4941
33 32 29 26 23
0
20
40
60
80
10019
91
1997
End
02
End
03
End
04
End
05
End
06
End
07
End
10*
DH SH/DB/DS
% dwt share*:
* Assumes phase out according to regulations (rounded upwards, 25 years after 2010.
MARPOL Annex VI Air emissions from Ships
MARPOL Annex VI Air emissions from Ships
• Sulphur cap of 4.5%+• Sulphur Emission Control Areas – SECAs - Baltic
19 May 2006 – North Sea November 2007, + • Adriatic, US Gulf, Hong Kong area??? • MEPC 53 (July 2005) – Decided Annex VI be
revised• Intersessional Meeting (November 13-17 2006) –
discussion of key issues and draft proposals• MEPC 56 (July 2007) & MEPC 57 (March 2008) -
consider and approve(?) the revised texts
• Target date for revision Entry in to Force: 2010
Annex VI as from 19 May 2005
MARPOL Annex VI Air emissions from Ships
• Ensure a solid platform of requirements • Be realistic and feasible • Seek a long term and positive reduction of air
emissions from ships • Contribute to a long term and a predictable
regulatory regime• provide engine manufacturers with the ability to
design new engines that could sensibly meet stricter regulations
Principles for an INTERTANKO position:
100+ refineries to adapt or 50,000 ships?
MARPOL ANNEX VI - emissions
Higher fuel costs but:•Less fuel consumption•Less emissions•Cleaner emissions•Less sludge•No wastes from scrubbers or cleaning•Reduced engine maintenance•Improved safety
Requirements for reduced emissions1 solution: Cleaner fuels (distillates?):
Marine bunkers
• 215 m ts marine bunker per year• 10% to 15% are MDO or MGO, rest • 85-90% blends: between 40/60 or 50/50
distillates/resides, i.e.• total increase in demand of distillate fuels will
be not more than some 50% of the total amount of marine fuels used which means:
• some 7% in crease in distillate demand if ships change to 100% MDO*
(or less as consumption willbe reduced)
World Petroleum Product
mbd year 2005 (BP)
m ts/year
Light distillates 25.3 1,090
Middle distillates 29.6 1,436
Fuel oil 10.2 552
Others 17.4 758
Total world 82.6 3,837
MARPOL ANNEX VI
• Shipping NOT incinerator for refiners• Most important move since ships changed from
coal to oil• 1.5% sulphur content is obtainable• Engine manufacturers; technically workable• Reduce human error and safety problems • Corporate responsibility and a precautionary
approach to challenges
Director Marine Environment division at the IMO comments to INTERTANKO intiativecomments to INTERTANKO intiative:
Erik Ranheim
Speaking at a Det Norske Veritas (DNV) conference in London, Sainlos said Intertanko's idea to end shipping's reputation as the "incinerator for the refinery industry" would prove to be revolutionary.
Erik Ranheim
I regard the proposal as one of the most important in the work on the reduction of air pollution from ships and, if it is adopted, it is possibly the most important move since ships changed from coal to oil
Erik Ranheim
He believes the target date of 2015 for existing ships to use distillate with a 1.5% sulphur content is obtainable. He adds that he has been told by major engine manufacturers that it is technically workable.
Erik Ranheim
He adds that he has been told by major engine manufacturers that it is technically workable.
Erik Ranheim
The move would wipe out the need to carry a variety of fuels to meet the different fuel sulphur-content standards of different regions, Sainlos says. It would also eliminate concerns over human error and safety problems that might occur when fuels are being switched
Erik Ranheim
I consider the revision of Marpol Annex VI as an excellent opportunity to demonstrate to the entire world that the shipping industry takes its corporate responsibility seriously and takes a precautionary approach to our challenges, as expected of us by governments around the globe, as well as by the public," he said.
Gasoline price at the pump
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
USA J apan Germany UK
Long haul freightratesMarketing
Oil price
Tax
Cost elements making the: gasoline price:
$ per litre
Conclusion
• Safe• Environmentally friendly• Young• Phasing out according to schedule• Demanding clients• INTERTANKO meets challenges, but
Tankers :
Speech available on: http://www.intertanko.com
No time for complacency
