Taiwan ROC & Hong Kong Internal & External Politics.
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Transcript of Taiwan ROC & Hong Kong Internal & External Politics.
Taiwan ROC & Hong Kong
Internal & External Politics
Taiwan ROC Government
President (4-year term after 1996)The Five ``Yuan”:
Executive Yuan (Premier, ministers, etc.) Legislative Yuan (3-year term) Judicial Yuan (15 grand justices) Examination Yuan and Control Yuan
National Assembly (constitutional issues)
Diplomatic Tug of War
162 countries recognize PRC as the legitimate government of China 8 (’49) 32 (’59) 49 (’69) 113 (’79) 129
(’89)27 countries recognize ROC as the
legitimate government of China
US Official Policy
US government shifted diplomatic recognition from ROC to PRC in 1979
US congress passed Taiwan Relations Act in 1979
American Institute in TaiwanTaipei Economic and Cultural
Representative Offices in US
Economic Ties
Trade and investment expanded rapidly despite restrictions by ROC government
Workaround: Hong Kong & Macau``Three links”:
mail transportation trade
President Chen Shui-bian
pledged in 2000 that, unless the CCP used military force against Taiwan, he would: not declare Taiwan independent not change the name of Republic of China not hold referendum on independence …
2002: “separate countries”“referendum”
President Jiang Zemin:
``One-China principle is the basis for cross-straits relations
``Both the mainland and Taiwan belong to one China
``On the premise of the one-China principle, all issues can be discussed”
Stress on cultural & economic exchanges
Taiwan & Mainland's GDP Growth Rate
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
PRC-UK Negotiations
Deng Xiaoping: “1 country, 2 systems”
PRC Constitution of 1982: S.A.R.PRC & UK Joint Declaration in 1984
Handover to PRC
7th National People’s Congress adopted Basic Law of HKSAR in Beijing in 1990
Became Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of PRC in July 1, 1997
Basic Law of H K SAR
Stipulated in PRC-UK Joint Declaration in 1984
Drafted by a committee with members from both Hong Kong and mainland
Adopted by 7th NPC in Beijing in 1990Came into effect on July 1, 1997Constitutional document for HKSAR
3 Principles in Basic Law
``One Country, Two Systems” Capitalist system and way of life shall
remain unchanged for 50 years (B.L. A5)
``High Degree of Autonomy”``Hong Kong People Running Hong
Kong”
1 Country, 2 Systems
Legal system (British common law) shall be maintained, except for any law that contravene the Basic Law and subject to amendment by the legislature (B.L. A8)
High Degree of Autonomy
HKSAR enjoys executive, legislative, and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication (B.L. A2)
``HK People Running HK”
executive authorities and legislature shall be composed of permanent residents of Hong Kong (B.L. A3)
public servants must be permanent residents of Hong Kong (some exceptions)
Central Government
responsible for defense and foreign affairs relating to HKSAR (B.L. A13-14)
authorizes HKSAR to conduct relevant external affairs on its own (B.L. A13)
HKSAR shall be responsible for the maintenance of public order
11 PRC laws apply to HK (B.L. A18)
Rights and Freedoms
freedom of speech, of the press, of publication, of association, of assembly, of procession, of demonstration, of communication, of movement, of conscience, of religious belief, of marriage..
the right and freedom to form and join trade unions, and to strike
Three Branches
Chief Executive Tung Chee Hwa
Legislative Council
Court of Final Appeal
S/election of C.E. & Legco
Shall be specified in the light of the actual situation in the HKSAR and in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress (B.L. A45 & A68)
The ultimate aim is the election of the Chief Executive and all the members of the Legislative Council by universal suffrage (B.L. A45 & A68)
S/election of Legco
Chief Executive S/election
800-member Election Committee industrial, commercial, and financial
sectors 1/4 the professions 1/4 labor, social services, religious, & other 1/4 Legco, HK deputies to NPC, etc. 1/4
Tung Chee Hwa (1997 - 2007) no more than two consecutive terms
Since 1997
Freedoms and rights substantially intact dissident groups Falun Gong
Judicial system remains the sameWeak executive and strong civil serviceLack of political skillsMultiple political parties
H.K.’s Competitiveness
Geographic location one of the best deep-water ports in the
world
hardworking and well-educated workforce literacy rate 94%
``World’s Freest Economy”
exports & imports each ~US$200b > GDP
GDP per capita: US$23,027no VAT, sales tax, or capital gains taxonly 3 types of income are taxed:
profits, salaries, and property31% live in public housing
Influence on Mainland
US$220 billion direct investment each way
Hong Kong bodies of law and expertise
Hong Kong attracts talents from mainland
Hong Kong radios, TV, newspapers, magazines, and Internet on mainland