suriname green economy presentation totten 07-19-10
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Transcript of suriname green economy presentation totten 07-19-10
SURINAME
GREEN
The Nation’s
Global BRAND
Economic Well-being
World Tourism hub
Sustainable exports
Global Solutions
GREEN
ECONOMICS
Essential in
Domestic and
Global Trade
WHY? WHAT? HOW?
Mass
Poverty
Collapsing
Ecosystems
Climate
disasters
Mass
Extinction
WHY?
Humans release as much CO2 every 48 hours as the
1991 Mount Pinatubo Volcanic eruption
Reasons for Action
6 C rise ―would cause a mass
extinction of almost all life and
probably reduce humanity to a few
struggling groups of embattled
survivors clinging to life near the
poles.―
Few species could adapt in time to
the abruptness of the transition.
"With the tropics too hot to grow
crops, and the sub-tropics too dry,
billions of people would find
themselves in areas of the planet
which are essentially uninhabitable."
I Risks to Unique & Threatened systems
II Risks from Extreme Climate Events
III Distribution of Impacts
IV Aggregate Impacts
V Risks from Future Large-Scale Discontinuities
Business as Usual
Source: Dasguta, S. et al. 2007. The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper
4136, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2007/02/09/000016406_20070209161430/Rendered/PDF/wps4136.pdf
Latin America & Caribbean region:
Exposed population to 5 meter Sea Level Rise
Rate of sea level rise
proportional to warming
7% Suriname population exposed to
1 meter Sea Level Rise
Source: Dasguta, S. et al. 2007. The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper
4136, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2007/02/09/000016406_20070209161430/Rendered/PDF/wps4136.pdf
30% Suriname population exposed to
3 meter Sea Level Rise
Source: Dasguta, S. et al. 2007. The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper
4136, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2007/02/09/000016406_20070209161430/Rendered/PDF/wps4136.pdf
55% Suriname population exposed to
5 meter Sea Level Rise
Source: Dasguta, S. et al. 2007. The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper
4136, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2007/02/09/000016406_20070209161430/Rendered/PDF/wps4136.pdf
SU
RIN
AM
E
35%
GD
P Im
pa
cte
d @
5 m
SL
R
55%
Po
pu
latio
n Im
pacte
d
% Impact Agriculture% Impact GDP % Impact Population
SURINAMESURINAME
SU
RIN
AM
E
23% impacted
Source: Dasguta, S. et al. 2007. The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper
4136, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2007/02/09/000016406_20070209161430/Rendered/PDF/wps4136.pdf
TIPPING POINT Amazon Dieback
Coinciding ENSO & North Atlantic warming
Drought,
Wildfires,
Shift to
Savannah
Lenton, T. et al. 2008. Tipping elements in the Earth’s climate system, Proceedings National Academy of Sciences US, 1786–1793,
February 12, 2008, vol. 105, no. 6, www.pnas.org/
Amazon 2005 -- Brazil’s Worst Drought in 100 years
Lenton, T. et al. 2008. Tipping elements in the Earth’s climate system, Proceedings National Academy of Sciences US, 1786–1793, February 12, 2008, vol. 105,
no. 6, www.pnas.org/
DOZEN TIPPING POINTS
Accelerating Massive Emissions &
Catastrophic Collapse
Where the world needs to go: energy-related CO2 emissions per capita
Source: WDR, adapted from NRC (National Research Council). 2008. The National Academies Summit on America’s Energy Future: Summary of a Meeting.
Washington, DC: National Academies Press.based on data from World Bank 2008. World Development Indicators 2008.
???
100 yr Global Economic Growth (GWP) compared with Today
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Toward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions
Buildings
Utilities
WHAT?
Mobility
Products
Noel Parry et al., California Green Innovation Index 2009, Next 10, www.next10.org/
20
per
cen
t
burning and clearing tropical forests accounts for 15-20% of global GHG emissions — more than all the world’s cars, trucks, ships, planes, and trains
combined
$-
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101
Year
Bill
ion
$
Cumulative Energy Costs over a century
$1400 Trillion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101
Years
Te
raW
att
-ye
ars
pe
r y
ea
r (T
Wy
r)
Cumulative consumption 100 yrs & Damages
2600 TW-yrs cumulative carbon fuels
>> $1200Trillion
Climate damages
Additional costs?
• Price Volatility from rapid global
demand
• Oil wars
• Disruption of supplies
• Price Shocks from weather-
triggered disasters
• Oil spills, toxic contamination,
hazardous wastes, radioactive
waste long-term disposal
• Acid rain and urban smog health
impacts on people and food
systems
• Lost opportunities
• TIPPING POINTS
• IRREVERSIBLE DISRUPTIONS
Equal to 28 years at today’s $50 trillion GWP
ADDITIONAL
COSTS?
Zero net cost counting efficiency savings. Not counting the efficiency savings the
incremental cost of achieving a 450 ppm path is €55-80 billion per year between 2010–2020 for
developing countries and €40–50 billion for developed countries, or less than 1 % of global GDP, or
about half the €215 billion per year currently spent subsidizing fossil fuels.
CO2 Abatement potential & cost for 2020
Breakdown by abatement type
• 9 Gt terrestrial carbon (forestry/agriculture)
• 6 Gt energy efficiency
•4 Gt low-carbon energy supply
$-
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
$35
$40
$45
$50
CCS REDD
Geological storage (CCS) vs Ecological storage (REDD)
Carbon Mitigation Cost
U.S. fossil Electricity CO2
mitigation cost annually (2.4 GtCO2 in 2007)
~$100 billion~3 ¢ per kWh
~$18 billion~0.5 ¢ per kWh
$ per ton CO2
Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)
Reduced Emissions Deforestation & Degradation (REDD)
Source: Michael Totten, REDD is CCS NOW, December 2008
0
U.S. fossil Electricity in 2007 2.4 billion tons CO2 emissions
Tropical Deforestation 2007 13 million hectares burned7 billion tons CO2 emissions
$7.50 per ton CO21/2 cent per kWh
$18 billion/yr REDD tradePoverty reduction
Prevent Species loss
A win-win-win outcome
A win-win-win outcome
By
20
20
By protecting
forests we can
provide an effective
bridge to a low-
carbon economy.
forest + land use
$30 billion
Potential carbon market
project investment
(2020)
$150 billion
investing in nature is a cost effective + immediate solution
$4 million to protect the Tayna and
Kisimba-Ikobo Community Reserves in
eastern DRC and Alto Mayo conservation
area in Peru.
Will prevent more than 900,000 tons of
CO2 from being released into the
atmosphere.
Using Climate, Community & Biodiversity
Carbon Standards.
Largest Corporate REDD Carbon Project to date
Pervasive Information & Communication Technologies Key to Success
Using portfolios of multiple-benefit actions to become
climate positive and revenue positive
Radical Energy Efficiency Ecological Green PowerEcosystem
Protection
Adopting Win-Win-Win PORTFOLIOS
1) RADICAL ENERGY EFFICIENCYPursue vigorous, rigorous & continuous
improvements that reap monetary savings, ancillary
benefits, & GHG reductions (same w/ water &
resources)
2) PROTECT THREATENED ECOSYSTEMS
Add conservation carbon offset options to portfolio
that deliver triple benefits (climate protection,
biodiversity preservation, and promotion of
community sustainable development)
3) ECOLOGICAL GREEN POWER/FUELSSelect only verifiable ‘green power/fuel’ that is both
climate-friendly and biodiversity friendly
PORTFOLIOS of Best Policies
Green Economics is achieving
both Zero Net GHG emissions
AND Zero Net Ecological
Footprints
Ewing B. et al. 2009. The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2009. Global Footprint Network, www.footprintnetwork.org/
Ecological Footprint by Country, 2006
Diversity of Portfolios of Shrink, Green & Offset Needed
for Domestic Markets and Global Trade
biocapacity
Ewing B., S. Goldfinger, A. Oursler, A. Reed, D. Moore, and M. Wackernagel. 2009. The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2009. Oakland:
Global Footprint Network., www.footprintnetwork.org/.
Footprint
exceeds
biocapacity
Why USA and China Importing Resources
China ecological footprint
Ecological debt
Ecological reserve
Ecological footprint
biocapacity
GREEN
ECONOMY
direction is
key
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
1. Economically affordable
2. Safe
3. Clean
4. Risk is low and manageable
5. Resilient and flexible
6. Ecologically sustainable
7. Environmentally benign
8. Fails gracefully, not catastrophically
9. Rebounds easily/swiftly from failures
10.Endogenous learning capacity
11.Robust experience curve for
reducing negative externalities and
amplifying positive externalities
12.Uninteresting target for malicious
disruption
Desirable attributes
Including poorest and cash-strapped?
Over the entire life cycle?
Through the entire lifespan?
From financial and price volatility?
To volatility, surprises, miscalculations, human error?
No adverse impacts on biodiversity?
Maintains air, water, soil quality?
Adaptable to abrupt surprises/crises?
Low recovery cost and lost time?
Intrinsic new productivity opportunities?
Scalable innovation possibilities?
Off the radar of terrorists, military planners?
Dozen Criteria of Green Energy Systems
Efficiency BIPV PV Wind CSP CHP Biowaste
power
Geo-
thermal
Nat
gas
Bio-
fuels
Oil
imports
Coal
CCS
nuclearTar
sand
Oil
shale
Coal to
liquids
Coal
no
CCS
Promote
CHP +
biowastes
Economically Affordable
Safe
Clean
Secure
Resilient & flexible
Ecologically sustainable
Environmentally benign
Fails gracefully, not catastro
Rebounds easily from failures
Endogenous learning capacity
Robust experience curves
Uninteresting military target
Delphi Scoring of Green Energy
Technology by 12 Criteria
ηeta
SHRINKING footprints through Continuous innovation
Universal symbol for Efficiency
Now use 1/2 global power50% efficiency savings achievable
90% cost savings
ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEMS
Solar Fusion Waste ARE Earth Nutrients –
Power in the Photon Bit stream
Solar Fusion Waste as Earth Nutrients –
1336 Watts per m2 in the Photon Bit stream
A power source delivered daily and locally everywhere
worldwide, continuously for billions of years, never
failing, never interrupted, never subject to the volatility
afflicting every energy and power source used in driving
economic activity
Earth receives more solar energy every 90 minutes than humanity consumes all year
In the USA, cities and residences cover 56 million hectares.
100% of current U.S. power demand can be met simply by
applying photovoltaics (PV) to 7% of this area—on roofs,
parking lots, along highway walls, on sides of buildings, and
in other dual-use scenarios.
Urban solar would not have to appropriate a single hectare
of new land to make PV the nation’s primary energy source!
MW
Compared to:Wind power 121,000 MW [158,000 in 2009]Nuclear power 350,000 MWHydro power 770,000 MWNatural Gas power 1 million MWCoal power 2 million MW
Global Cumulative PV Growth 1998-2008
40% annual growth rateDoubling <24 months
2009
20GW
Eric Wesoff, Milestone: 10 Gigawatts of PV in 2010, Greentech Media, June 9, 2010, www.greentechmedia.com/, citing chart by
Shayle Kann.
Market Share Global PV Demand 2009-2013
Ken Zweibel. 2009. Plug‐in Hybrids, Solar, & Wind, Institute for Analysis of Solar Energy, George Washington University,
[email protected] , http://Solar.gwu.edu/
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. 2010. Solar Photovoltaic Industry 2010 global outlook, February 8, 2010. ASP= Average Selling Price
Solar PV module ASP and cost outlook through 2010
(c-Si and CdTe)
Source: Amory Lovins, RMI2009 from Ideas to Solutions, Reinventing Fire, Nov. 2009, www.rmi.org/ citing SunPower analysis
Solar power beats thermal plants within their
construction lead time—at zero carbon price
Germany's SUN-AREA Research Project Uses ArcGIS to calculate the possible solar yield per building for the city of Osnabroeck.
GIS Mapping the Solar
Potential of Rooftops
Germany's SUN-AREA Research Project Uses ArcGIS to calculate the possible solar yield per building for city of Osnabroeck.
GIS Mapping the Solar
Potential of Urban Rooftops
100% Total Global Energy Needs -- NO NEW LAND,
WATER, FUELS OR EMISSIONS – Achievable this Century
SunSlate Building-Integrated
Photovoltaics (BIPV) commercial
building in Switzerland
Material
Replaced
Economic
MeasureBeijing Shanghai
Polished
Stone
NPV ($)
BCR
PBP (yrs)
+$18,586
2.33
1
+$14,237
2.14
1
Aluminum
NPV ($)
BCR
PBP (yrs)
+$15,373
1.89
2
+$11,024
1.70
2
Net Present Values (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCR) &
Payback Periods (PBP) for ‘Architectural’ BIPV (Thin
Film, Wall-Mounted PV) in Beijing and Shanghai
(assuming a 15% Investment Tax Credit)
Byrne et al, Economics of Building Integrated PV in China, July 2001, Univ. of Delaware, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, Twww.udel.edu/ceep/T]
Economics of Commercial BIPV
Building-Integrated Photovoltaics
Reference costs of facade-cladding materials
BIPV is so economically attractive because it
captures both energy savings and savings from
displacing other expensive building materials.
Eiffert, P., Guidelines for the Economic Evaluation of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Power Systems, International Energy Agency PVPS Task 7:
Photovoltaic Power Systems in the Built Environment, Jan. 2003, National Renewable Energy Lab, NREL/TP-550-31977, www.nrel.gov/
Economics of Commercial BIPV
Municipal Solar Financing – Long-Term, Low-Cost Financing
Solar kWh per square meter
JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DECYEAR AVG (kWh/day
per m2)
YEAR TOTAL (kWh/yr per
m2)
30 yr TOTAL (kWh per m2)
Paramaribo, Suriname (Latitude 05º 49'
N Longitude 55º 09' W)
4.1 4.6 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.0 4.5 5.0 1821 54,641
@ 10% PV eff m2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 182 5,464
@ 50% PV eff m2 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.5 911 27,320
10%eff Delivered Cost $0.22 per kWh
$ 40 $ 1,202
10%eff Delivered Cost $0.14 per kWh
$ 25 $ 765
Suriname solar levels
Suriname Urban Solar
Potentialarea
(km2)
million
m2
solar
kWh per
m2/year
Paramaribo
District total
solar (million
kWh per yr)
Paramaribo
District electric
consumption
(million kWh per
year)
10% eff solar
pv panel
(kWh per
yr/m2)
Solar PV panels
for 100%
Paramaribo
District electricity
(millions m2)
%
Paramaribo
District area
Paramaribo District 163 1631,821 296,823
1,500 182 8.2 5%
Hashem Akbari Arthur Rosenfeld and Surabi Menon, Global Cooling: Increasing World-wide Urban Albedos to Offset CO2, 5th Annual California Climate Change
Conference, Sacramento, CA, September 9, 2008, http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/events/2008_conference/presentations/index.html
$2+ Trillion Global Savings Potential, 51 gigatons CO2 Reduction
100 m2
Natural Daylight
Relative Efficacy of Light Sources (Ratio of Number of Lumens of Light Energy per Watt of Power or Rate of Heat Energy Supplied). Source:
Daylighting Design in Libraries. 2005, by Edward T. Dean, AIA , Libris Design Project, supported by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library
Services, http://www.librisdesign.org/docs/DaylightDesignLibs.pdf .
Incandescent fluorescent daylight
12 66 125
Efficacy daylight vs artificial light
lumens per Watt lumens per Watt lumens per ft2
horizontal surface
www.wbdg.org/ Whole
Building
Design
Guide
Passive Solar Cooling
Passive Solar Heating
Natural Ventilation
Solar Daylighting
Public library – North Carolina
Heinz Foundation
Green Building, PA
Oberlin College
Ecology Center,
Ohio
The Costs and
Financial Benefits of
Green Buildings, A
Report to California’s
Sustainable Building
Task Force, Oct.
2003, by Greg Kats
et al.
$500 to $700
per m2 net
present value
Towards Zero Net Energy &
Emission Buildings
CA
Solar PV Charging stations Electric Bicycles/Scooters
Suriname has offshore wind speeds of 8 to 10 meters per second at 100 meters height. A 3.6 MW turbine in a 9 m/s wind speed, operating 50% the time, will generate 6 million kWh per year. About 200 wind turbines would generate all of Suriname’s current electricity consumption.
SURINAME territorial sea
waters
coastline (km)
nautical miles (nm)
km/nmSuriname territorial sea (km2)
3.6 MW wind
turbine size
coastal offshore area
386 12 1.8258,453
9 m/s avg@ 100 m
Potential turbines (spacing 500
meters)33,814
Turbines for 10X current Suriname
power consumption
2000
Percent territorial waters for 10X current power consumption
6%
OFFSHORE WIND FARM INVESTMENT
Million £/MW
Percent Total Capex
720 MW (£ Millions)
720 MW ($ Millions)
Wind turbine generators (WTG), which make up around 47% at £1.5m per MW.
1.5 47% £ 508 $ 645
Foundations, which make up around 22% at £0.7m per MW
0.7 22% £ 111 $ 141
Electrical infrastructure, which makes up around 19% at £0.6m per MW
0.6 19% £ 82 $ 104
Planning & development costs, which make up the remaining 12% at £0.4m per MW
0.4 12% £ 35 $ 44
TOTAL £ 735 $ 934
Source: Ernst & Young. 2009. Cost of and financial support for offshore wind, A report for the Department of Energy and Climate Change, UK, 27 April 2009, URN 09D/534
Financial new investment by technology,
2009, and growth on 2008, $billion
New investment volume adjusts for re-invested equity. Total values includeestimates for undisclosed deals. * Includes CCS (carbon capture & storage)
Source: UNEP and Bloomberg New Energy Finance. 2010. Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2010, Analysis of Trends
and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
ηeta
SHRINKING footprints through Continuous innovation
Universal symbol for Efficiency
Aligning utility and customer financial interests to
capture the vast pool of end-use efficiency, onsite
and distributed energy and water service
opportunities.
Dr. Art Rosenfeld Amory Lovins Ralph Cavanagh
KEY POLICY – UTILITY IRP+DECOUPLING
(IRP) Integrated Resource Planning ranks and prioritizes all end-use efficiency, customer onsite resource opportunities and supply expansion options according to least cost & risk
New York
California
USA minus CA & NYPer Capital
Electricity
Consumption
165 GW
Coal
Power
Plants
Californian’s have
net savings of
$1,000 per family
[EPPs]
“Decoupling” & Integrated Resource Planning key to harnessing End-Use “Efficiency Power Plants”For delivering least-cost & risk electricity, natural gas & water services
Utility’s Earnings Go Up even as Revenues Go Down
Customers’ Bills Go Down even as Rates Go Up
Amory Lovins & Imran Sheikh, The Nuclear Illusion, May 2008, www.rmi.org
nuclear coal CC gas wind farm CC ind
cogen
bldg scale
cogen
recycled
ind cogen
end-use
efficiency
Amory Lovins & Imran Sheikh, The Nuclear Illusion, May 2008, www.rmi.org
How much coal-fired electricity can be displaced by investing one dollar to make or save delivered electricity
nuclear coal CC gas wind farm CC ind
cogen
bldg scale
cogen
recycled
ind cogen
end-use
efficiency
Amory Lovins & Imran Sheikh, The Nuclear Illusion, May 2008, www.rmi.org
Coal-fired CO2 emissions displaced per dollar spent on electrical services
nuclear coal CC gas wind farm CC ind
cogen
bldg scale
cogen
recycled
ind cogen
end-use
efficiency
Less Coal Power Plants
Less Coal Rail Cars
Less Coal Mines
More Retail “Efficiency Power Plants” Less
Need for Coal Mines & Power Plants
source: A. Gadgil et al. LBL, 1991
The $3 million CFL factory (right) produces 5 million
CFLs per year. Over life of factory these CFLs will
produce lighting services sufficient to displace several
billion dollars of fossil-fired power plant investments
used to power less efficient incandescent lamps.
CFL factories displace Power plants
LED lamps
Evan Mills, GROCC Demonstration Project: Affordable, High-Performance Solar LED Lighting Pilot via the Millennium Villages Project, http://eetd.lbl.gov/emills
http://www.lightingafrica.org/
Full use of high performance windows in the
USA could save the equivalent of an Alaskan
pipeline (2 million barrels of oil per day), as
well as accrue over $15 billion per year of
savings on energy bills.
High-E Windows displacing gas pipelines
Learning
Sharing
[EPPs]
Finance
Regulation
HO
W?
= hyperlink to Mesh resources
Knowledge toolsK
no
wle
dge
Ne
ed
s
CLICKS AWAY Web access, share,
add, distribute, produce, collaborate around shared vision
Web Network Mesh Template for Prototyping Green Dev.
Imperative
What Makes This
Possible?
•Digital Technology
• Internet networks
• Web applications
• Smart Phones &
Handhelds
1 day of Internet traffic
Kevin Kelly, Next 5000 days of the Internet, TED talk, 12-20-08, www.ted.org/talks/kevin_kelly_on_the_next_5_000_days_of_the_web.html
5000 days ago Pre-Web
Pre-Commercial Internet
5000 days from now
Global Cloud Network
5 billion cell
phone users
In 2010
UN says
A day of Wikipedia activity
Zoom in of
Wikipedia activity
The WIKIPEDIA Collective Intelligence MODEL:
In 6 years and with only 6 paid employees
Catalyzed a value-adding creation now 10 times larger than the
Encyclopedia Britannica
Growing, Updated, Corrected daily by 100,000 volunteer editors
and content authors
Translating content into 150+ languages, and
Visited daily by > 5% of worldwide Internet traffic.
Size of a printed version of Wikipedia within 72 months (2001-2007)
Open Source & Global Access by Mobile Phones & Handhelds
The Flickr Universe
Launched in 2004 – Over 3 billion by 2008
Social
Collaboration
building a
Shared Vision
Collective
Intelligence
emerging
from Shared
Vision
Architecture of Participation
Norman L. Johnson, Science of Collective Intelligence: Resources for change, in chapter in Mark Tovey (ed.). 2008. Collective
Intelligence, Creating a Prosperous World at Peace, www.earth-intelligence.net.
Utility of expert & collective with
increasing complexity
How to fast-track greener cities
Global E-Sustainability Initiative
IMPLEMENTING 10 IT SOLUTIONS TO SAVE 1 GIGATON CO2
10 IT SOLUTIONS TO TRANSFORM TO GREEN ECONOMY
Economics of the moment
Wealth & well-being over a life time
Value of Life on Earth, Priceless
The Guiana Shield (GS) is one of the most important
centers of species richness on the planet.
One-quarter all medical drugs used
in developed world from plants.
Cortisone and first oral
contraceptives derived from Central
American yam species
Pacific yew in western US yielded
anti-cancer drug taxol
Vincristine from the Rosy Periwinkle
in Madagascar
Drug to prevent blood clotting from
snake venom
Active ingredient aspirin synthesized
from willow trees.
Bioprospecting ecosystem wealth
Using bioinformatic tools
Biomolecules prospected from
different bioresources for
medicinal, therapeutic and other
agriculturally important compounds
Biomolecules for Industrial and
Medicinal Use
Novel Genes/Promoters To Address
Biotic And Abiotic Stress
Genes for Transcription Factors
Metabolic Engineering Pathways
Nutritional Enhancement
Bioavailability of Elements
Microbial Biodiversity
Bioprospecting ecosystem wealth
Using bioinformatic tools
Stephen M. Maurer, Arti Rai, Andrej Sali. 2004. Finding Cures for Tropical Diseases: Is Open Source an Answer? PLOS Medicine,
December , Volume 1,| Issue 3, www.plosmedicine.org/
Life Sciences Open Source Collaboration
By 2100, an additional 1700 million ha of land required for agriculture.
800 MILLION HA OF ADDITIONAL LAND FOR MEDIUM GROWTH BIOFUEL SCENARIOS.
Intact ecosystems and biodiversity-rich habitats under constant threat.
Food, Fuel, Fiber, Feed,
Species Tradeoffs?