SupplementaryFigureS1 - aem.asm.orgaem.asm.org/content/suppl/2015/08/19/AEM.01487-15... ·...
Transcript of SupplementaryFigureS1 - aem.asm.orgaem.asm.org/content/suppl/2015/08/19/AEM.01487-15... ·...
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A
B
Supplementary Figure S1. Transmission electron micrograph of Bartonella melophagi (A) and Trypanosoma melophagi (B) residing extracelullarly in the gut lumen.
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A
B C
Supplementary Figure S2. Visualization of the endosymbionts by 16S rRNA-‐targeted fluorescent in situ hybridization. Green signal (Flc) indicates Arsenophonus melophagi within the embryo in the late developmental stage (A). Red signal (Cy3) shows Sodalis melophagi (B) and Arsenophonus melophagi, in green, (C) residing together in the lumen of milk gland.
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PdxH
B1 (thiamine)
B2 (riboflavin)
B3 (nicotinate and nicotinamide)
B5 (pantothenic acid)
B6 (pyridoxine)
B7 (biotin)
B9 (folic acid and folate)
RibA RibD RibD RibE RibC RibF RibF
RibB
riboflavinFMN
FAD
BioA BioD BioB
biotin
BioF
ThiL
thiamine
ThiKth. 2P
ThiE
ThiD ThiCThiDIscS
ThiIThiF ThiF ThiHG
ThiMTenA
ThiP-ThiQ-TbpA
thiamine/th. 2Ptransporter
2.7.6.2
th. 3P
2.7.6.2
ThiGThiO
Epd PdxB SerC PdxA PdxJpyridoxine-P
PdxHpyridoxal 5-P pyridoxamin 5-P
PdxK
pyridoxamine
PdxH
pyridoxal
pyridoxinePdxH
PdxK PdxK
NadB
NadA
NadC
3.1.3.5 DeoD
nicotinate
PncB
nicotinamide
PncA
DeoD3.1.3.5NadD
NadDNAD+
deamino-NAD+
NadE
NADP+ PpnK
lipoic acid
PanB PanE PanC 2.7.1.33 6.3.2.5 4.1.1.36 2.7.7.3 2.7.1.24coenzyme A
acyl-carrier proteinAcpH
(R)-Panthotenate
PanD
BioM-BioN-BioY transporter
biotin
GTP
bioF+ bioD fused
AcpS
CoaA CoaB CoaC CoaD CoaE
LipA LipB
protein N6-(lipoyl)lysineoctanoyl-[acp]
THF-polyglutamate
THF-L-glutamate
tetrahydrofolate
FolA
FolP
7,8-dihydrofolateFolAfolate
FolA
PabCPabAB
chorismate
FolE
FolB
PhoA
FolK
GTP
FolC
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate
aspartate
D-erythrose-4-phosphate
ribulose-5-phosphate FolC
FolC
aspartate
glycine
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole
2.7.1.22
2.7.1.22
BioC FabH FabG FabZ FabI FabB FabG FabZ FabI BioH
GltX
glutamate
HemA HemL HemB HemC HemD HemE HemN HemG HemHprotoheme IXProtoheme IX
Ubiquinol (coenzyme Q10) UbiA UbiD UbiB UbiG UbiH UbiE UbiF UbiGUbiCchorismate
Dxs Dxr IspD IspE IspF IspG IspH Idi IspA IspA IspBG3P
Malonyl-CoA
Arsenophonus melophagiSodalis melophagiBartonela melophagi
Supplementary Figure S3. B-‐vitamin and related cofactor biosynthetic pathways based on draft genomes of Arsenophonus, Sodalis and Bartonella
Supplementary Table S1. List of bacterial genomes included into the comparative analysis using clusters of orthologous genes (Figure 4).
Figure 4 Abb. IMG Genome Name / Sample Name host diet symbiosis
IMG Genome ID
Genome Size
Gene Count
GC %
ArM Arsenophonus melophagi ArM Melophagus ovinus blood P 2510065004 1155312 765 32 ArP Arsenophonus pediculi ArP (Riesia pediculicola) Pediculus capitis blood P 2510065001 574390 521 28 ArN Arsenophonus sp. ArN Nasonia vitripennis other S 2510065002 3575339 3558 37 ArT Arsenophonus triatominarum ArT Triatoma infestans blood S 2510065003 2619384 2431 37 Blatt1 Blattabacterium sp. (Blaberus giganteus) Blaberus giganteus omni P 2518645548 632588 614 26 Blatt2 Blattabacterium sp. (Blatta orientalis) Tarazona Blatta orientalis omni P 2561511170 638184 626 28 Blatt3 Blattabacterium sp. (Mastotermes darwiniensis) MADAR Mastotermes darwiniensis omni P 2511231105 590336 589 28 Blatt4 Blattabacterium sp. (Nauphoeta cinerea) Nauphoeta cinerea omni P 2558309074 626626 621 26 Blatt5 Blattabacterium sp. (Panesthia angustipennis spadica) BPAA Panesthia angustipennis omni P 2597489928 632490 622 26 Blatt6 Blattabacterium sp. Bge Blattella germanica omni P 650716011 640935 629 27 Blatt7 Blattabacterium sp. BPLAN Periplaneta americana omni P 646311912 640442 617 28 Blatt8 Blattabacterium sp. Cpu Cryptocercus punctulatus omni P 2511231112 609561 588 24 Blatt9 Blattabacterium sp. MADAR Mastotermes darwiniensis omni P 2505679002 593824 600 28 Buch1 Buchnera aphidicola Bp Baizongia pistaciae sap P 639633012 618379 557 25 Buch2 Buchnera aphidicola Cc Cinara cedri sap P 643348521 422434 400 20 Buch3 Buchnera aphidicola Ct Cinara tujafilina sap P 650716012 444925 393 23 Buch4 Buchnera aphidicola LSR1 Acyrthosiphon pisum sap P 645951868 642011 629 26 Blo1 Candidatus Blochmannia chromaiodes 640 Camponotus chromaiodes omni P 2521172698 791219 655 29 Blo2 Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus Camponotus floridanus omni P 637000056 705557 632 27 Blo3 Candidatus Blochmannia pennsylvanicus BPEN Camponotus pennsylvanicus omni P 637000057 791654 660 30 Blo4 Candidatus Blochmannia vafer BVAF Camponotus vafer omni P 649633028 722593 628 28 Cars Candidatus Carsonella ruddii PV Pachypsylla venusta sap P 639633018 159662 213 17 Hod Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola Dsem Diceroprocta semicincta sap P 644736335 143795 187 58 Moran Candidatus Moranella endobia PCIT Planococcus citri sap P 650716016 538294 452 44 Sul1 Candidatus Sulcia muelleri CARI Clastoptera arizonana sap P 648028014 276511 279 21
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Sul2 Candidatus Sulcia muelleri DMIN Draeculacephala minerva sap P 646564518 243933 260 22 Sul3 Candidatus Sulcia muelleri GWSS Homalodisca vitripennis sap P 641228484 245530 262 22 Sul4 Candidatus Sulcia muelleri Hc Homalodisca vitripennis sap P 638341057 146184 213 24 Sul5 Candidatus Sulcia muelleri SMDSEM Diceroprocta semicincta sap P 644736337 276984 276 23 Trem1 Candidatus Tremblaya princeps PCIT Planococcus citri sap P 650716018 138927 139 59 Trem2 Candidatus Tremblaya princeps PCVAL Planococcus citri sap P 2511231192 138931 152 59 Zin Candidatus Zinderia insecticola CARI Clastoptera arizonana sap P 648028015 208564 230 14 SerrCc Serratia symbiotica Cinara cedri Cinara cedri sap P 2511231072 1762765 772 29 SerrTu Serratia symbiotica Tuscon Acyrthosiphon pisum sap S 651285005 2792868 2228 52 SoGlo Sodalis glossinidius morsitans Glossina morsitans blood S 637000270 4292502 2662 55 SoMel Sodalis melophagi Melophagus ovinus blood S NA 4569254 4889 51 SoHS1 Sodalis sp. HS1 human other O 2576861453 5159425 4460 57 SoPhil Sodalis-‐like symbiont of Philaenus spumarius PSPU Philaenus spumarius sap S 2585428135 1386675 1487 54 WiggB Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina brevipalpis Glossina brevipalpis blood P 637000338 703004 659 22 WiggM Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina morsitans Glossina morsitans blood P 2511231135 719535 678 25 wPip Wolbachia endosymbiont wPip_Mol of Culex molestus Culex molestus blood S 2588253760 1340443 1227 34 wMel Wolbachia pipientis wMelPop Drosophila melanogaster sap S 2568526663 1201350 1146 35 wRi Wolbachia sp. wRi Drosophila simulans sap S 643692055 1445873 1187 35 wCle Wolbachia wCle Cimex lectularius blood P NA 1250060 1314 36
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Supplementary Table S2. Comparison of P-symbiont genomes across functional categories and numbers of retained orthologous gene clusters (COG) in each of them.
Symbion
t/
Functio
nal C
ategory
A RN
A processin
g an
d mod
ificatio
n
C En
ergy produ
ction an
d conversio
n
D Cell cycle con
tr., cell divisio
n,
chrom. p
artitioning
E Am
ino acid tran
sport a
nd
metab
olism
F Nucleotide tran
sport a
nd
metab
olism
G Carbo
hydrate tran
sport a
nd
metab
olism
H Coe
nzym
e tran
sport a
nd
metab
olism
I Lipid tran
sport a
nd
metab
olism
J Translatio
n, ribo
somal
structure an
d biogen
esis
K Tran
scrip
tion
L Re
plication, re
combina
tion
and repa
ir
M Cell w
all /mem
bran
e/
envelope
biogene
sis
N Cell m
otility
O Posttrl. m
odificatio
n, protein
turnover, cha
perone
s
P Inorganic ion tran
sport a
nd
metab
olism
Q Sec. m
et. b
iosynthe
sis,
tran
sport a
nd catab
olism
R Gen
eral fu
nctio
n pred
ictio
n on
ly
S Functio
n un
know
n
T Signal tran
sductio
n mecha
nism
s
U In
tracel. Traffick, secretio
n,
and vesic
.tran
sport
V De
fense mecha
nism
s
ArM 1 47 18 34 31 20 56 27 129 17 46 56 1 41 21 0 10 16 13 10 11
WiggB 1 31 15 29 37 19 60 22 114 18 27 49 25 34 12 0 12 6 3 10 6
WiggM 1 31 13 32 34 19 61 21 125 16 24 45 24 31 13 0 11 6 5 10 6
ArP 1 24 8 25 17 21 41 25 116 14 25 23 1 28 9 0 4 6 2 7 3
wCle 0 56 10 25 31 17 45 22 128 16 55 32 1 51 21 4 30 18 28 29 12
Blatt1 0 35 9 60 28 15 35 14 117 13 28 24 1 26 14 1 12 4 2 9 7
Blatt2 0 32 9 60 29 15 35 16 120 13 29 24 1 26 14 1 11 4 2 8 6
Blatt3 0 36 9 46 27 15 34 13 112 12 27 20 1 26 17 1 12 4 2 8 6
Blatt4 0 35 9 58 28 15 35 15 113 13 27 24 1 26 14 1 12 4 2 10 6
Blatt5 0 35 8 61 28 15 35 14 111 13 27 24 1 27 14 1 13 4 2 9 7
Blatt6 0 33 9 60 28 15 37 15 114 13 29 25 1 26 15 1 11 4 3 7 6
Blatt7 0 36 10 60 29 15 39 15 119 13 28 26 1 26 16 1 11 5 2 7 7
Blatt8 0 36 9 42 28 15 35 14 119 12 26 24 1 27 15 1 11 5 2 9 4
Blatt9 0 36 9 46 26 15 36 13 110 12 27 20 1 26 17 1 12 4 2 7 6
Buch1 1 42 8 50 20 29 20 9 124 14 32 19 15 31 11 0 8 4 7 7 6
Buch2 1 27 7 40 2 17 5 5 121 14 27 2 7 27 4 0 3 0 7 5 4
Buch3 1 24 5 38 1 14 3 5 121 12 24 3 11 26 3 0 5 1 5 5 2
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Buch4 1 40 8 49 24 29 30 13 128 17 32 28 20 33 15 0 9 4 7 10 5
Blo1 1 41 15 55 20 28 35 27 124 20 27 51 1 34 22 0 8 6 4 15 5
Blo2 1 43 13 59 21 30 32 21 122 17 29 48 1 33 24 0 8 7 3 13 5
Blo3 1 42 15 60 21 29 37 27 122 20 29 51 1 34 24 0 8 6 4 15 5
Blo4 1 42 14 55 18 27 30 25 124 17 27 48 1 32 23 0 9 6 3 12 5
Cars 0 10 0 27 0 4 0 0 42 4 3 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Hod 0 10 0 15 1 1 11 0 41 2 2 0 0 8 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Moran 1 23 11 13 3 17 14 11 128 16 36 24 1 32 10 0 8 7 4 6 3
Sul1 0 24 1 31 0 4 5 0 90 6 10 2 0 16 2 0 1 0 0 2 0
Sul2 0 22 1 36 0 1 5 0 78 5 5 2 0 17 2 0 1 0 0 2 0
Sul3 0 23 1 39 0 1 5 0 77 5 6 2 0 16 2 0 1 0 0 2 0
Sul4 0 7 1 16 0 1 2 0 53 1 2 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Sul5 0 24 0 36 0 4 5 0 83 8 6 3 0 14 3 0 3 0 0 1 0
Trem1 0 2 0 22 0 1 0 0 49 2 4 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Trem2 0 1 0 21 0 1 0 0 47 2 3 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Zin 0 21 0 23 2 0 7 0 77 2 10 0 0 11 2 0 3 0 0 1 0
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Supplementary Table S3. List of unique genes in comparison between A. melophagi and W. glossinidia. For each symbiont and COG category the numbers show total count of the genes/number of unique genes.
RNA processing and modification
A.melophagi 1/0
W.glossinidia 1/0
Energy production and conversion
A.melophagi 47/16
COG0039 Malate/lactate dehydrogenase
COG0281 Malic enzyme
COG0633 Ferredoxin
COG1347 Na+-‐transporting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit NqrD
COG1726 Na+-‐transporting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit NqrA
COG1805 Na+-‐transporting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit NqrB
COG2209 Na+-‐transporting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit NqrE
COG2869 Na+-‐transporting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit NqrC
COG2871 Na+-‐transporting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, subunit NqrF
COG2878 Na+-‐translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase RNF, RnfB subunit
COG4656 Na+-‐translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase RNF, RnfC subunit
COG4657 Na+-‐translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase RNF, RnfA subunit
COG4658 Na+-‐translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase RNF, RnfD subunit
COG4659 Na+-‐translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase RNF, RnfG subunit
COG4660 Na+-‐translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase RNF, RnfE subunit
W.glossinidia 31/0
Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning
9
A.melophagi
COG0218
COG1426
COG2177
COG2884
COG3115
COG3116
COG3147
W.glossinidia
COG1559
COG3027
18/7
GTP-‐binding protein EngB required for normal cell division
Cytoskeletal protein RodZ, contains Xre-‐like HTH and DUF4115 domains
Cell division protein FtsX
ABC-‐type ATPase involved in cell division
Cell division protein ZipA, interacts with FtsZ
Cell division protein FtsL, interacts with FtsB, FtsL and FtsQ
Cell division protein DedD (periplasmic protein involved in septation)
13/2
Cell division protein YceG, involved in septum cleavage
Cell division protein ZapA, inhibits GTPase activity of FtsZ
Amino acid transport and metabolism
A.melophagi 34/9
COG0287 Prephenate dehydrogenase
COG0308 Aminopeptidase N
COG0560 Phosphoserine phosphatase
COG0591 Na+/proline symporter
COG1113 L-‐asparagine transporter and related permeases
COG1114 Branched-‐chain amino acid permeases
COG1115 Na+/alanine symporter
COG1280 Threonine/homoserine/homoserine lactone efflux protein
COG5006 Threonine/homoserine efflux transporter RhtA
W.glossinidia 32/7
COG2095 Small neutral amino acid transporter SnatA, MarC family [2]
COG0174 Glutamine synthetase
COG0339 Zn-‐dependent oligopeptidase
COG0345 Pyrroline-‐5-‐carboxylate reductase
COG0367 Asparagine synthetase B (glutamine-‐hydrolyzing)
10
COG1509 L-‐lysine 2,3-‐aminomutase (EF-‐P beta-‐lysylation pathway)
Nucleotide transport and metabolism
A.melophagi 31/2
COG0299 Folate-‐dependent phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase PurN
COG0528 Uridylate kinase
W.glossinidia 34/5
COG0027 Formate-‐dependent phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (GAR transformylase)
COG0127 Inosine/xanthosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase, all-‐alpha NTP-‐PPase family
COG0788 Formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase
COG1780 Protein involved in ribonucleotide reduction
COG1781 Aspartate carbamoyltransferase, regulatory subunit
Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
A.melophagi 20/4
COG1080 Phosphoenolpyruvate-‐protein kinase (PTS system EI component in bacteria)
COG3444 Phosphotransferase system, mannose/fructose/N-‐acetylgalactosamine-‐specific component IIB
COG3715 Phosphotransferase system, mannose/fructose/N-‐acetylgalactosamine-‐specific component IIC
COG3716 Phosphotransferase system, mannose/fructose/N-‐acetylgalactosamine-‐specific component IID
W.glossinidia 19/4
COG2814 Predicted arabinose efflux permease, MFS family [2]
COG0176 Transaldolase
COG0579 L-‐2-‐hydroxyglutarate oxidase LhgO
Coenzyme transport and metabolism
A.melophagi 56/8
11
COG0212 5-‐formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-‐ligase
COG0635 Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase or related Fe-‐S oxidoreductase
COG1477 Thiamine biosynthesis lipoprotein ApbE
COG1488 Nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase
COG3165 Ubiquinone biosynthesis protein UbiJ, contains SCP2 domain
COG3840 ABC-‐type thiamine transport system, ATPase component
COG4143 ABC-‐type thiamine transport system, periplasmic component
COG4145 Na+/panthothenate symporter
W.glossinidia 61/13
COG0157 Nicotinate-‐nucleotide pyrophosphorylase
COG0351 Hydroxymethylpyrimidine/phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase
COG0352 Thiamine monophosphate synthase
COG0379 Quinolinate synthase
COG0408 Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase
COG0413 Ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase
COG0414 Panthothenate synthetase
COG0422 Thiamine biosynthesis protein ThiC
COG1011 FMN phosphatase YigB, HAD superfamily
COG1060 2-‐iminoacetate synthase ThiH (tyrosine cleavage enzyme, thamine biosynthesis)
COG1893 Ketopantoate reductase
COG2022 Thiamin biosynthesis thiazole synthase ThiGH, ThiG subunit
COG2104 Sulfur carrier protein ThiS (thiamine biosynthesis)
Lipid transport and metabolism
A.melophagi 27/6
COG1560 Lauroyl/myristoyl acyltransferase [2]
COG0332 3-‐oxoacyl-‐[acyl-‐carrier-‐protein] synthase III
12
COG0344 Phospholipid biosynthesis protein PlsY, probable glycerol-‐3-‐phosphate acyltransferase
COG0416 Fatty acid/phospholipid biosynthesis enzyme
COG0575 CDP-‐diglyceride synthetase
W.glossinidia 21/1
COG2937 Glycerol-‐3-‐phosphate O-‐acyltransferase
Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis
A.melophagi 129/10
COG0042 tRNA-‐dihydrouridine synthase
COG0144 16S rRNA C967 or C1407 C5-‐methylase, RsmB/RsmF family
COG0184 Ribosomal protein S15P/S13E
COG0621 tRNA A37 methylthiotransferase MiaB
COG0689 Ribonuclease PH
COG0799 Ribosomal silencing factor RsfS, regulates association of 30S and 50S subunits
COG0802 tRNA A37 threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthesis protein TsaE
COG1159 GTPase Era, involved in 16S rRNA processing
COG1187 16S rRNA U516 pseudouridylate synthase RsuA and related 23S rRNA U2605, pseudouridylate synthases
COG1734
W.glossinidia
COG0290
COG0313
COG0442
COG0445
RNA polymerase0 binding transcription factor DksA
125/5
Translation initiation factor IF-‐3
16S rRNA C1402 (ribose-‐2'-‐O) methylase RsmI
Prolyl-‐tRNA synthetase
tRNA U34 5-‐carboxymethylaminomethyl modifying enzyme MnmG/GidA
COG2867 Ribosome association toxin PasT (RatA) of the RatAB toxin-‐antitoxin module
Transcription
13
A.melophagi 17/5
COG0583 DNA-‐binding transcriptional regulator, LysR family
COG0781 Transcription termination factor NusB
COG0816 RNase H-‐fold protein, predicted Holliday junction resolvase in Firmicutes and mycoplasms, involved in anti-‐termination at Rho-‐dependent terminators
COG1595
COG1678
W.glossinidia
COG1846
COG1191
COG3710
DNA-‐directed RNA polymerase specialized sigma subunit, sigma24 family
Putative transcriptional regulator, AlgH/UPF0301 family
16/4
DNA-‐binding transcriptional regulator, MarR family [2]
DNA-‐directed RNA polymerase specialized sigma subunit
DNA-‐binding winged helix-‐turn-‐helix (wHTH) domain
Replication, recombination and repair
A.melophagi 46/23
COG0178 Excinuclease UvrABC ATPase subunit
COG0210 Superfamily I DNA or RNA helicase
COG0322 Excinuclease UvrABC, nuclease subunit
COG0353 Recombinational DNA repair protein RecR
COG0507 ATP-‐dependent exoDNAse (exonuclease V), alpha subunit, helicase superfamily I
COG0550 DNA topoisomerase IA
COG0556 Excinuclease UvrABC helicase subunit UvrB
COG0593 Chromosomal replication initiation ATPase DnaA
COG0608 Single-‐stranded DNA-‐specific exonuclease, DHH superfamily, may be involved in archaeal DNA replication intiation
COG0632 Holliday junction resolvasome RuvABC DNA-‐binding subunit
COG0692 Uracil DNA glycosylase
COG0749 DNA polymerase I -‐ 3'-‐5' exonuclease and polymerase domains
14
COG1195 Recombinational DNA repair ATPase RecF
COG1198 Primosomal protein N' (replication factor Y) -‐ superfamily II helicase
COG1200 RecG-‐like helicase
COG1322 DNA anti-‐recombination protein (rearrangement mutator) RmuC
COG1381 Recombinational DNA repair protein (RecF pathway)
COG2255 Holliday junction resolvasome RuvABC, ATP-‐dependent DNA helicase subunit
COG2812 DNA polymerase III, gamma/tau subunits
COG2927 DNA polymerase III, chi subunit
COG2965 Primosomal replication protein N
COG3024 Endogenous inhibitor of DNA gyrase, YacG/DUF329 family
COG3050 DNA polymerase III, psi subunit
W.glossinidia 24/3
COG0258 5'-‐3' exonuclease
COG0415 Deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase
COG0496 Broad specificity polyphosphatase and 5'/3'-‐nucleotidase SurE
Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
A.melophagi 56/15
COG0739 Murein DD-‐endopeptidase MepM and murein hydrolase activator NlpD, contain LysM domain [2]
COG0668 Small-‐conductance mechanosensitive channel
COG0759 Membrane-‐anchored protein YidD, putatitve component of membrane protein insertase Oxa1/YidC/SpoIIIJ
COG0860 N-‐acetylmuramoyl-‐L-‐alanine amidase
COG1137 ABC-‐type lipopolysaccharide export system, ATPase component
COG1520 Outer membrane protein assembly factor BamB, contains PQQ-‐like beta-‐propeller repeat
COG1663 Tetraacyldisaccharide-‐1-‐P 4'-‐kinase
15
COG2885 Outer membrane protein OmpA and related peptidoglycan-‐associated (lipo)proteins
COG2913 Outer membrane protein assembly factor BamE, lipoprotein component of the BamABCDE complex
COG2956 Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis regulator YciM, contains six TPR domains and a predicted metal-‐binding C-‐terminal domain
COG2980 Outer membrane lipoprotein LptE/RlpB (LPS assembly)
COG3017 Outer membrane lipoprotein LolB, involved in outer membrane biogenesis
COG3023 N-‐acetyl-‐anhydromuramyl-‐L-‐alanine amidase AmpD
COG3117 Lipopolysaccharide export system protein LptC
COG3203 Outer membrane protein (porin)
COG3417 Outer membrane lipoprotein LpoB, binds and activates PBP1b
W.glossinidia 45/6
COG0729 Outer membrane translocation and assembly module TamA
COG0796 Glutamate racemase
COG0812 UDP-‐N-‐acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase
COG1376 Lipoprotein-‐anchoring transpeptidase ErfK/SrfK
COG1686 D-‐alanyl-‐D-‐alanine carboxypeptidase
COG4238 Outer membrane murein-‐binding lipoprotein Lpp
N Cell motility
A.melophagi 1/0
W.glossinidia 24/23
COG1256 Flagellar hook-‐associated protein FlgK
COG1261 Flagella basal body P-‐ring formation protein FlgA
COG1291 Flagellar motor component MotA
COG1298 Flagellar biosynthesis pathway, component FlhA
COG1338 Flagellar biosynthetic protein FliP
COG1344 Flagellin and related hook-‐associated protein FlgL
16
COG1345 Flagellar capping protein FliD
COG1360 Flagellar motor protein MotB
COG1377 Flagellar biosynthesis protein FlhB
COG1536 Flagellar motor switch protein FliG
COG1558 Flagellar basal body rod protein FlgC
COG1580 Flagellar basal body-‐associated protein FliL
COG1677 Flagellar hook-‐basal body complex protein FliE
COG1684 Flagellar biosynthesis protein FliR
COG1706 Flagellar basal body P-‐ring protein FlgI
COG1749 Flagellar hook protein FlgE
COG1815 Flagellar basal body rod protein FlgB
COG1843 Flagellar hook assembly protein FlgD
COG1868 Flagellar motor switch protein FliM
COG1987 Flagellar biosynthesis protein FliQ
COG2063 Flagellar basal body L-‐ring protein FlgH
COG4786 Flagellar basal body rod protein FlgG
COG4787 Flagellar basal body rod protein FlgF
Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones
A.melophagi 41/12
COG0760 Parvulin-‐like peptidyl-‐prolyl isomerase [2]
COG0425 TusA-‐related sulfurtransferase
COG0542 ATP-‐dependent Clp protease ATP-‐binding subunit ClpA
COG0576 Molecular chaperone GrpE (heat shock protein)
COG0625 Glutathione S-‐transferase
COG0826 Collagenase-‐like protease, PrtC family
COG1076 DnaJ-‐domain-‐containing proteins 1
COG1225 Peroxiredoxin
COG1495 Disulfide bond formation protein DsbB
17
COG1585
COG2168
W.glossinidia
COG0544
COG0695
COG3785
Membrane protein implicated in regulation of membrane protease activity
Sulfur transfer complex TusBCD TusB component, DsrH family
31/3
FKBP-‐type peptidyl-‐prolyl cis-‐trans isomerase (trigger factor)
Glutaredoxin
Heat shock protein HspQ
Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
A.melophagi 21/12
COG0025 NhaP-‐type Na+/H+ or K+/H+ antiporter
COG0370 Fe2+ transport system protein B
COG0735 Fe2+ or Zn2+ uptake regulation protein
COG0855 Polyphosphate kinase
COG1178 ABC-‐type Fe3+ transport system, permease component
COG1553 Sulfur relay (sulfurtransferase) complex TusBCD TusD component, DsrE family
COG1918 Fe2+ transport system protein FeoA
COG2920 Sulfur relay (sulfurtransferase) protein, DsrC/TusE family
COG2923 Sulfur relay (sulfurtransferase) complex TusC component, DsrF/TusC family
COG2967 Uncharacterized protein affecting Mg2+/Co2+ transport
COG4535 Mg2+ and Co2+ transporter CorC, contains CBS pair and CorC-‐HlyC domains
COG4536 Mg2+ and Co2+ transporter CorB, contains DUF21, CBS pair, and CorC-‐HlyC domains
W.glossinidia
COG1324
COG1528
COG1914
COG3158
13/4
Uncharacterized protein involved in tolerance to divalent cations
Ferritin
Mn2+ and Fe2+ transporters of the NRAMP family
K+ transporter
18
General function prediction only
A.melophagi 10/4
COG0312 Predicted Zn-‐dependent protease or its inactivated homolog [2]
COG0388 Predicted amidohydrolase
COG1160 Predicted GTPases
W.glossinidia 11/5
COG1054 Predicted sulfurtransferase
COG1729 Periplasmic TolA-‐binding protein (function unknown)
COG1988 Membrane-‐bound metal-‐dependent hydrolase YbcI, DUF457 family
Function unknown
A.melophagi 16/10
COG1649 Uncharacterized lipoprotein YddW, UPF0748 family
COG2431 Uncharacterized membrane protein YbjE, DUF340 family
COG2707 Uncharacterized membrane protein, DUF441 family
COG2959 Uncharacterized conserved protein HemX (no evidence of involvement in heme biosynthesis)
COG2960 Uncharacterized conserved protein YqiC, BMFP domain
COG2991 Uncharacterized protein
COG3771 Uncharacterized membrane protein YciS, DUF1049 family
COG3788 Uncharacterized membrane protein YecN, MAPEG domain
COG3924 Uncharacterized membrane protein YhdT
COG4701 Uncharacterized protein
W.glossinidia 6/1
COG3105 Uncharacterized membrane-‐anchored protein YhcB, DUF1043 family
Signal transduction mechanisms
A.melophagi 13/9
COG0589 Nucleotide-‐binding universal stress protein, UspA family
19
COG0639 Diadenosine tetraphosphatase ApaH/serine/threonine protein phosphatase, PP2A family
COG0664 cAMP-‐binding domain of CRP or a regulatory subunit of cAMP-‐dependent protein kinases
COG1217 Predicted membrane GTPase involved in stress response
COG1551 sRNA-‐binding carbon storage regulator CsrA
COG1660 RNase adaptor protein for sRNA GlmZ degradation, contains a P-‐loop ATPase domain
COG1854 S-‐ribosylhomocysteine lyase LuxS, autoinducer biosynthesis
COG2912 Regulator of sirC expression, contains transglutaminase-‐like and TPR domains
COG3086 Positive regulator of sigma E activity
W.glossinidia 5/1
COG0642 Signal transduction histidine kinase
Intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport
A.melophagi 10/3
COG0341 Preprotein translocase subunit SecF
COG0342 Preprotein translocase subunit SecD
COG1952 Preprotein translocase subunit SecB
W.glossinidia
COG0811
COG0823
COG0848
10/3
Biopolymer transport protein ExbB/TolQ
Periplasmic component of the Tol biopolymer transport system
Biopolymer transport protein ExbD
Defense mechanisms
A.melophagi 11/6
COG0494 8-‐oxo-‐dGTP pyrophosphatase MutT and related house-‐cleaning NTP pyrophosphohydrolases, NUDIX family
20
COG2914 Putative antitoxin component PasI (RatB) of the RatAB toxin-‐antitoxin module, ubiquitin-‐RnfH superfamily
COG4167 ABC-‐type antimicrobial peptide transport system, ATPase component
COG4168 ABC-‐type antimicrobial peptide transport system, permease component
COG4170 ABC-‐type antimicrobial peptide transport system, ATPase component
COG4171 ABC-‐type antimicrobial peptide transport system, permease component
W.glossinidia 6/1
COG2076 Multidrug transporter EmrE and related cation transporters
Supplementary Table S4. Metabolic pathways with numbers of unique genes in comparison between A. melophagi and W. glossinidia.
A.melophagi W.glossinidia
ko03440 Homologous recombination (13) ko02040 Flagellar assembly (22)
ko02010 ABC transporters (10) ko01110 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (11)
ko01110 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (8) ko00730 Thiamine metabolism (5)
ko03420 Nucleotide excision repair (5) ko02020 Two-‐component system (5)
ko04122 Sulfur relay system (5) ko01120 Microbial metabolism in diverse environments (4)
ko00230 Purine metabolism (5) ko01130 Biosynthesis of antibiotics (4)
ko01130 Biosynthesis of antibiotics (4) ko00230 Purine metabolism (4)
ko02060 Phosphotransferase system (PTS) (4) ko02030 Bacterial chemotaxis (4)
ko02020 Two-‐component system (4) ko00770 Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis (3)
ko00240 Pyrimidine metabolism (4) ko01230 Biosynthesis of amino acids (3)
ko03430 Mismatch repair (4) ko00240 Pyrimidine metabolism (3)
ko03070 Bacterial secretion system (3) ko00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (3)
ko00051 Fructose and mannose metabolism (3) ko00760 Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (3)
21
ko03030 DNA replication (3) ko00550 Peptidoglycan biosynthesis (2)
ko03060 Protein export (3) ko01200 Carbon metabolism (2)
ko00540 Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (3) ko00330 Arginine and proline metabolism (2)
ko01200 Carbon metabolism (3) ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (2)
ko03410 Base excision repair (3) ko00670 One carbon pool by folate (2)
ko00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (3) ko00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (1)
ko01230 Biosynthesis of amino acids (3) ko00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (1)
ko00564 Glycerophospholipid metabolism (3) ko00620 Pyruvate metabolism (1)
ko01120 Microbial metabolism in diverse environments (3) ko00860 Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism (1)
ko00860 Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism (2) ko00030 Pentose phosphate pathway (1)
ko00670 One carbon pool by folate (2) ko00561 Glycerolipid metabolism (1)
ko00710 Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (2) ko00564 Glycerophospholipid metabolism (1)
ko00760 Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (2) ko00471 D-‐Glutamine and D-‐glutamate metabolism (1)
ko03018 RNA degradation (2) ko00970 Aminoacyl-‐tRNA biosynthesis (1)
ko00620 Pyruvate metabolism (2) ko00910 Nitrogen metabolism (1)
ko00561 Glycerolipid metabolism (2) ko04724 Glutamatergic synapse (1)
ko00680 Methane metabolism (2) ko04727 GABAergic synapse (1)
ko05111 Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle (2) ko00410 beta-‐Alanine metabolism (1)
ko00270 Cysteine and methionine metabolism (2) ko03030 DNA replication (1)
ko00190 Oxidative phosphorylation (1) ko03410 Base excision repair (1)
ko00260 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (1) ko03420 Nucleotide excision repair (1)
ko04112 Cell cycle -‐ Caulobacter (1) ko03440 Homologous recombination (1)
ko00720 Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes (1) ko05111 Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle (1)
ko05340 Primary immunodeficiency (1) ko04626 Plant-‐pathogen interaction (1)
ko05120 Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection (1) ko05132 Salmonella infection (1)
ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (1) ko05134 Legionellosis (1)
ko00401 Novobiocin biosynthesis (1) ko04122 Sulfur relay system (1)
ko00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (1) ko01503 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance (1)
22
ko00480 Glutathione metabolism (1)
ko01212 Fatty acid metabolism (1)
ko00061 Fatty acid biosynthesis (1)
ko04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system (1)
ko01503 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance (1)
ko01501 beta-‐Lactam resistance (1)
ko03010 Ribosome (1)
ko00400 Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis (1)
23
Supplementary Table S5. Primers used for diagnostic PCR
Primer designation
Targeted bacteria/gene Primer sequence 5'-‐3' Amplicon length
Reference
ssaVF Sodalis melophagi/ssaV AGATAGCGTGCTTCCTGCAC 585bp this study ssaVR GCGGTGATCCTAGTGCTGTT
BhCS.781p Bartonella melophagi/gltA GGGGACCAGCTCATGGTGG 379bp (1) BhCS.1137 AATGCAAAAAGAACAGTAAACA
16Swolb99F Wolbachia sp./16S rDNA TTGTAGCCTGCTATGGTATAACT 895bp (2) 16Swolb994R GAATAGGTATGATTTTCATGT
24
References
1. Oneill SL, Giordano R, Colbert AME, Karr TL, Robertson HM. 1992. 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial endosymbiontsassociated with cytoplasmic incompatibility in insects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:2699-2702.2. Norman AF, Regnery R, Jameson P, Greene C, Krause DC. 1995. Differentiation of Bartonella-like isolates at the species level byPCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in the citrate synthase gene. J Clin Microbiol 33:1797-1803.