Summary digestion and absorption

Science meets Dharma Food and digestion – Level 2A / 2B Jangchub Choeling Nunnery Mundgod

Hans Schmid / Tenzin Choekyi 1 September 2006

Summary digestion and absorption

Digestion Absorption Carohydrates Proteins Fats / Oils Carbohydrates

and Proteins. Fats / Oils Minerals,

Vitamins, Water

Oral cavity Teeth: mechanically Saliva: starch and glycogen shorter chains and double-sugar

Teeth: mechanically Teeth: mechanically

Stomach Hydrochloric acid and pepsin: Proteins shorter chains (= peptides)

Duodenum (first part of small intestine)

Pancreatic juice and intestinal juice: Shorter C-H-chains double-sugar and glucose

Pancreatic juice and intestinal juice: proteins and peptides amino acids

Bile salts: Emulsification of fats Pancreatic juice and intestinal juice: fats fatty acids and glycerol

Small intestine (Ileum)

Intestinal juice: Double-sugars single sugar (= glucose)

Intestinal juice: Short peptides amino acids

Intestinal juice: fats fatty acids + glycerol

By blood capillaries in the villi

By lymph capillaries (Lacteals) in the villi

Partly by blood capillaries in the villi

Large intestine (Colon)

Mainly by cell membranes of the colon


Hans Schmid / Tenzin Choekyi Page 12 September 2006

Fats Sweetssss

Milk Proteins Dairy (plants, animals)

Fruits Vegetables (minerals (minerals vitamins) vitamins

roughage)

Carbohydrates

(starch, glycogen)

Pyramid of nutrients 5% Chocolate, ice-cream, refined sugar, oil, butter, fatty meet Milk, cheese, yoghurt, dairy

25% Lean meet, fish, eggs, Pulses such as peas, lentils, soya beans

30% Mango, orange, apple, peach, berries Cauliflower, cabbage, eggplants, onions, tomatoes, lettuce, carrots

40% Cereals / flour, rice, maize, bread, noodles, potatoes

A balanced diet includes a good amount of energy suppliers (carbohydrates and fats), plenty of fruits and vegetables to provide the necessary mineral salts and vitamins as well as roughage to support digestion, sufficient dairy, meet, fish and pulses to build the proteins needed and a small amount fatty and sugary foodstuff.



Food / Nutrient (100 g)

Water

(g)

Carbo- Hydrates

(g)

Minerals Vitamins

(g)

Proteins

(g)

Fats/Oils

(g)

Energy delivery

(kJ)

Remarks

Sunflower oil - - - - 100 3900 Energy supply

Hazelnut 10 13 1 14 62 2890 Nuts are healthy, but with a lot of fats

Full-cream milk 87.5 5 0.5 3.5 3.5 275 Vitamin A, Calcium, Zinc} essential amino Meat (pork) 61.5 - 0.5 18 20 1200 Iron, Zinc } acids and ess.

Fish (flounder) 69 - 1 15 15 550 Vitamin D, Iodine, } fatty acids Soya flour 13.5 26 2.5 37 21 1900 Practically all that is needed

Apple 83.5 15 0.5 1 - 290 Vitamin C

Spinach 94.5 2 1.5 2 - 75 Vitamin A and C, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium

Carrot 90.5 8 0.5 1 - 160 Vitamin A

Banana 74.5 24 0.5 1 - 440 No typical fruit

Wholegrain bread 45.5 46 0.5 7 1 1000 Vitamin A, Calcium

Rice 15.5 75 0.5 7 2 1500 Vitamin B

Potato 78.5 19 0.5 2 - 350 Vitamin C

Honey 20 78 1 1 - 1390 Practically no proteins

Food and Energy (Unit of energy: 1 kilojoule (1 kJ)

1g carbohydrate 18 kJ 1g fat 39 kJ 1g protein 20 kJ (1g alcohol 30 kJ)

12 % Prot.

25 % Fats

63 % Carbo- hydrates

The energy released by the digestion of food comes – on the average – 63% from carbohydrates 25% from proteins 12% from fats

The energy needed per day very much depends on the physical work to be done, on the body weight, on the age of the person and also on the sex. To get an idea: A child of 4 years needs about 5 000 kJ per day A teeny of 18 years needs about 13 000 kJ per day if male about 10 000 kJ per day if female An adult of 45 years needs about 10 000 kJ per day if male about 8 000 kJ per day if female

Summary digestion and absorption

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