Succeeding with Technology Chapter 9

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Succeeding with Technology 4thed > Information, Decision Support>

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Decision Making and Problem Solving

Management Information Systems

Decision Support Systems

Group Decision Support Systems

Hybrid and Special-Purpose Systems

Information, Decision

Support

Chapter 9


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Succeeding with Technology 4thed > Information, Decision Support >

Key TermsDecision making

Problem solving

Programmed decisions

Non-programmed decisions

Optimization model

Heuristics

Decision Making and Problem

Solving


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Decision Making & Problem Solving Process

Potential Problems and

opportunities are identified

and defined

Alternative solutions to the

problem are developed

Select a course of action

Solution put into effect

Evaluate the implementation


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Decision Types

Programmed decisions

Structured situations with well

defined relationships

Quantifiable

Non-programmed decisions

Ill-structured situations with

vague or changingrelationships between

variables

Not easily quantifiable in

advance


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Optimization and Heuristic

Optimization Model: find thebest solution, helping individuals

or organizations meet goals.

Heuristics:commonlyaccepted guidelines or

procedures that usually find a

good solution, but not

necessarily the optimal solution


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Key termsManagement Information System(MIS)

Business Intelligence

Scheduled report

Demand report

Exception report

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)System

Management Information

Systems


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Management Information Systems (MIS)

MIS~ used to supportprogrammed decisions

made in response to

structured problems. Primary purpose is to help

individuals and organizations

achieve goals by providing

reports and information used

to make better decisions.



MIS Input and Output



MIS Reporting System

This MIS reporting

system puts many

kinds of real-time

information at

managers

fingertips to aid

decision making.



Reports

Key Indicator

Report

Demand Reports Exception Reports



Reports

Scheduled Reportsareproduced periodically on aschedule; daily, weekly, monthly,quarterly, annually, etc.

Demand Reportsaredeveloped to get certaininformation at a personsrequest.

Exception Reportsareautomatically produced when asituation is unusual or requiresaction.



Reports, Reports, Reports



MIS Reports



Enterprise Resource Planning

ERP: integrates all dataprocessing in an enterprise

into one unified system that

draws from a common

database system.



Benefits and drawbacks of ERP



Key TermsDecision Support System

What-if analysis

Goal-seeking analysis





A decision supportsystem (DSS)is an

information system used tosupport problem-specific

decision making.



Characteristics

Handles a range of data from

small to large.

Obtains and processes data

from different sources. Provides report and

presentation flexibility

Analysis and Comparisons

Optimization & Heuristic

approaches

What-if analysis



Characteristics ~ What If?

What-if analysis is

the process of

making hypothetical

changes to problem

data and observing

the impact on the

results.



Goal-seeking

Goal-seeking analysisisthe process of determining

what problem data is

required for a given result.

What must be done in order tosafely withdraw troops within a year?


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Information System Relationships


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Key Terms

Group decision support system (GDSS)

Groupware

Group Decision Support

Systems


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Group Decision Support

Systems (GDSS)

A GDSSorcomputerized

collaborative work

system is designedto provide effective

support in group

decision-making

settings.


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Characteristics of a GDSS

Flexibility

Support for

anonymous input

Reduction of

negative group

behavior

Support of positivegroup behavior


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Groupware

GDSS software, called groupware, helps withjoint work group scheduling, communication, and

management.

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Key Terms

Knowledge Management System

Geographic information system (GIS)

Informatics

Hybrid and Special-Purpose

Systems


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Knowledge Management System

A knowledge management (KM) systemassists an organization in capturing, storing, and

distributing knowledge for use and reuse by the

organization and sometimes by its partners andcustomers.


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Geographic Information Systems

A geographicinformation system(GIS)is capable of

storing,manipulating, and

displaying

geographic or

special information,including maps of

locations or regions

around the world.


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Informatics

Informaticscombinestraditional disciplines, like

science and medicine, with

computer systems andtechnology.


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