Subsaharan Africa MidtermsMidterms Geography in the NewsGeography in the News –Due in 44 days...
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![Page 1: Subsaharan Africa MidtermsMidterms Geography in the NewsGeography in the News –Due in 44 days –15 sources? Subsaharan AfricaSubsaharan Africa –Development.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022032703/56649d255503460f949fbbe9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Subsaharan Africa
• MidtermsMidterms
• Geography in the NewsGeography in the News– Due in 44 daysDue in 44 days– 15 sources?15 sources?
• Subsaharan AfricaSubsaharan Africa– Development colonial legacyDevelopment colonial legacy– Medical geography & diseaseMedical geography & disease– Cultural patternsCultural patterns
![Page 2: Subsaharan Africa MidtermsMidterms Geography in the NewsGeography in the News –Due in 44 days –15 sources? Subsaharan AfricaSubsaharan Africa –Development.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022032703/56649d255503460f949fbbe9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Subsaharan Africa MidtermsMidterms Geography in the NewsGeography in the News –Due in 44 days –15 sources? Subsaharan AfricaSubsaharan Africa –Development.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022032703/56649d255503460f949fbbe9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Colonial Legacy
• Boundaries & intertribal antagonism (e.g., Rwanda)
• Transportation network• Interior to coastal ports
• Dual economy• 70% of labour force in agriculture • Cash crops for export: cocoa, coffee, tea, cotton• Subsistence agriculture (maize, millet, sorghum, tubers, plantain)• Land tenure issues, need for land reform
• Colonial institutions• Government and legal framework
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Medical Geography
• Epidemiology
• Africa is uniquely vulnerable– High disease incidence and diffusion– Widespread nutritional deficiencies– Vectors and hosts
• Spread of disease– Endemic– Epidemic– Pandemic
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Medical Geography
• Endemic disease• Infects large numbers without rapid death• Equilibrium & persistent ill-health• Typically endemic to a region
– Hepatitis– STDs or STIs (formerly venereal diseases)– Parasites e.g. hookworm – chronic anemia– Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)
• snail borne blood fluke
– River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)• parasitic worm vectored by black fly
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Medical Geography
• Epidemic • Local or regional dimensions, • Often acute onset• Distribution often depends on vector
– Sleeping Sickness• Vectored by tsetse fly• Endemic in wildlife but kills Bos indicus/Bos taurus• No ‘domestic’ cattle breeds on African savannah
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Medical Geography• Pandemic
• Spread is “worldwide”
– Mosquito borne:• Yellow Fever• Malaria
– DDT
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Medical Geography• Imminent Pandemic?
– Spanish influenza 1918-19• H1N1: 20-50 million deaths worldwide
– Avian influenza?• H5N1
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• AIDS– Pandemic since 1990s– ARV drugs in developed countries e.g. AZT– 80% of 37 million infected are in Africa– Shifted from equatorial belt to southern Africa
• Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe• 25% of 15-49 population infected• Life expectancy is declining• Impact on labour force and economic development• Population declines of 10-20%
– Bubonic plague in Europe
– Small pox among indigenous people of Americas
MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY
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AIDS Transmission in the U.S.
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SOURCE: UNAIDS, 2000
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Growing Incidence of AIDS in Africa
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CULTURAL PATTERNS
• Population distribution• African languages
– Colonial lingua franca• Swahili• Hausa
– Multilingualism
• Religions– Christianity– Islam– Tribal religions
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POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION
Traumatized children after massacre of 1,000 in Congo
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Reprise
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GeneralizedLanguage Regions of
Africa
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REGIONS OF SUBSAHARAN AFRICA