Submitted Proposal USAID- Dr. Zeidan1+excutive research plan

Cairo Initiative 2013-2014: Prof. Bakenaz A. Zeidan Proposal

SEISMIC DAM-RESERVIOR-FOUNDATION INTERACTIONA Proposal to Cairo Initiative Institutional Capacity development Program Implementer:

Professor Dr. ElSayed Tag ElDin

Email: [email protected]

Address: Ministry of Higher Education

Central Department of Missions,

Mogamaa El Tahrir Building-8th floor, Cairo

Presented on: 8-9-2014

By: Dr. Bakenaz A. Zeidan

Phone: 02-01222832379

Email: [email protected]

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

TANTA UNIVERSITY

MINISTRY OF HIGH

EDUCATION

EGYPT


Signature: Bakenaz A. Zeidan

Highest Level Signature:

Dean of Faculty: Prof. Saher Rafaat

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Table of Contents

[Readers almost always look first at the table of contents to see how the proposal is structured. Make sure that all headings are easy to read, intuitive, and in a logical order.]

1 Introduction................................................................................................................4

2 Background/ Objectives............................................................................................4

3 Business Strategy......................................................................................................43.1 Vision/ Mission Statement.............................................................................................4

3.2 Business Objectives......................................................................................................4

3.3 Organizational Analysis.................................................................................................5

4 Human Resources Analysis......................................................................................5

5 Consequences and Solutions...................................................................................5

6 Implementation and Evaluation................................................................................6

7 Conclusion.................................................................................................................6

Appendix A: Ministry/Agency/Authority’s HR strategy................................................7

Appendix B: Ministry/Agency/Authority’s Organizational Structure..........................7

Appendix C: Proposed Programs for Capacity Building.............................................7

Appendix D: Proposed Executive Research Plan........................................................7

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1 IntroductionFaculty of engineering is one of the structures of Tanta University which is a

governmental university. It has 8 undergraduate academic programs in addition to 10 post graduate programs with credit hours system. It has 21 laboratories, three of them are accredited. It has about 300 academic stuff serves around 5000 students. The main objective of this proposal is to enhance the scientific research technically and numerically in a new area of research which is needed by the mean time

2 Background/ ObjectivesInvestigation of the behavior of dams against seismic loads is a key factor for dam

safety requirements. One of the most important problems in evaluation of seismic behavior of concrete gravity dams is dam-reservoir-foundation interaction. Hydrodynamic pressures generated due to seismic forces and Fluid-Structure-Soil Interaction (FSS); are inevitable.

Benefit 1: Improve scientific research in this area

Benefit 2: Provide possibility of training researchers in this field

Benefit 3: Provide possibility of collaboration between Tanta University and Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation in this field.

3 Business Strategy

3.1 Vision/ Mission Statement

Vision: Achieve academic and applied excellence in the field of engineering education, scientific research and community service in different engineering fields locally and regionally in accordance to competition at the international level.

Mission: Prepare engineering staff qualified in accordance with the academic benchmarks locally, regionally and internationally. Prepare graduate engineers to meet the changing needs of the community. This will be achieved through excellent education and scientific research to be employed for economic, social and scientific development. In addition to active partnership with industrial enterprises and governmental agencies to improve community and environmental development under a framework of societal ethics. To provide distinguished consulting services and continuous raise of graduates’ capabilities.

These vision and mission are compatible with USAID motivation

3.2 Business Objectives Objective 1: Increase scientific research covers this topic in Egypt.

Objective 2 : Increase publications in this field (already 2 papers have been published on this topic in ICOLD by the author)

Objective 3: Having a start point for promotions in dams engineering

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3.3 Organizational Analysis Organization’s Structure: Faculty council- dean – three vice dean- 10 scientific

departments- 8 administrative sections.

Organization’s beliefs, values, norms and management style:

beliefs : provide educational and scientific services for its students for free with NARS standards with democratic management

Organization’s Strengths: infrastructure- qualified academic staff- enough laboratories- good library- possibility of future extension-submission for organizational accreditation- three accredited labs

Organizational Weaknesses: large number of students- gap between number of graduates and work force needs- need to modernization of programs and courses specifications, shortage in financial support resources.

4 Human Resources Analysis- Is this strategy flexible? yes

- Are systems in place for rapid or protracted responses? medium

- Is the organization sufficiently staffed to select trainees? yes

- Does the selection staff have demonstrable experience to select trainees? yes

ProgramsPost

Graduate Degrees

Management & Leadership Training Technical Training

Irrigation and Hydraulic Engineering 5

215

Structural Engineering

Environmental Engineering

Mechanical Enigineeing

8 420

Total 13 6 35

[Table 1: Human Resources Capacity Building Needs]

5 Consequences and Solutions Enhance ILO’s of the trainees

Improve skills of researchers and trainees

Outcomes can be measured by senior professors, department council and scientific committees

Confidential scientific committee will report the results annually

Collaboration between Tanta University and Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation will allow to utilize trainees/returnees in the workforce besides foreigner experts

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6 Implementation and Evaluation- Does the organization have a clear plan of how to utilize skills obtained by returnees?

YES

- Does the organization have a clear plan of how to evaluate trainees output?

YES

- Does the organization set forth an established performance and monitoring plan?

o Does this performance and monitoring plan evaluate monthly, quarterly?

ANNUALLY

o What established reporting mechanism is in place?

FACULTY SCEINTIFIC COMMITTEE

o How can monitoring be verified as sufficient?

UNIVERSITY SCEINTIFIC COMMITTEE

- Does the organization set-forth clear targets to be assessed and achieved?

- YES THROUGH STRATEGIC PLAN

- How will the returnee benefit Egypt?

- PROVIDE A NEW AREA OF RESEARCH

- PROVIDE LOCAL EXPERTS IN THS FIELD

- IMPROVE SKILLS OF ENGINEERS AND RESEARCHERS IN THIS FIELD

- ALLOW TO CONDUCT MSC. AND PHD. IN THIS VITAL AREA

- ENHANCE COLLABORATION BETWEEN EGYPTIAN AND AMERICAN PROFESSORS

Conclusion

Based on the previous sections, this is an opportunity to improve scientific

skills of Egyptian professors in a field of dam engineering. It is a good

chance to secure local experts in this field. In addition, it is a great

opportunity to exchange thoughts, skills, and theories with American

experts. This chance will put Egypt on the map of world dam experts. By

the end, this proposal is compatible with USAID motivation.

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Possible Appendices:

Appendix A: Ministry/Agency/Authority’s HR strategy

Appendix B: Ministry/Agency/Authority’s Organizational Structure

Appendix C: Proposed Programs for Capacity Building

Appendix D: Proposed Executive Research Plan

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Appendix D: Proposed Executive Research Plan

Specific Field: Dams Engineering

Phase I: Concrete Gravity Dams (9 months)

Research Scope: Dam-Reservoir-Foundation Interaction

“Seismic Stability Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams Including Dam–Reservoir-Foundation Interaction”

Aim of Research:

Structural Stability of Concrete Gravity Dams under static and seismic load conditions, including hydrodynamic and foundation interactions

Statement of the Problem:

Concrete gravity dams are solid structures that maintain their stability against design loads due to their geometric shape, mass and material strength. Vital special structures, such as gravity dams, must have sufficient safety margin under all load conditions including normal service loads and exceptional earthquake load. The design of concrete gravity dam for earthquake loading should be based on appropriate criteria that reflect both the desired level of safety and the choice of the analysis procedures to evaluate its stability and stress conditions. Hydrodynamic pressures induced due to seismic actions and fluid-structure and foundation-structure interaction effects should be included in the analysis. The interaction of reservoir water-dam structure and foundation bedrock -dam structure are modeled using the Finite Element method and the well-known computer program ANSYS. Results are obtained for 2D finite element static and modal analyses of concrete gravity dam in terms of stability, stresses, natural periods, mode shapes and hydrodynamic pressure distribution.

Keywords:

Concrete Gravity Dam, Stability Analysis, Dynamic Stresses, Modal Analysis, Dam-Reservoir-Foundation Interaction, Hydrodynamic Pressure.

Objectives:

1- Review of existing dam safety codes2- Comparative study of design criteria in existing codes3- Assess the effect of reservoir boundary conditions on the dynamic stability of the

dam4- Perform dynamic analysis to assess the seismic response during earthquake

excitations5- Validate the significance of reservoir length on dynamic stability of the dam

Research Innovation and Added Value:

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1- Comparative study of existing dam design codes and new developed criteria,2- Diagnose importance of considering dam-reservoir interaction in design criteria

on dam safety3- Validate the significance of reservoir length on dam stability

Research Methodology:

Two-dimensional Finite Element is employed to idealize the concrete gravity dam and the

adjacent reservoir water. The dam-reservoir interaction is expressed using hydrodynamic

equations. Numerical Finite Element modeling of coupled fluid-structure elements is utilized to

simulate the dam-reservoir interaction phenomena. Numerical Finite Element program ANSYS is used to assess the structural stability under static load conditions. Seismic response assessment of concrete gravity dams is performed including dam-reservoir interaction. Full static analysis is performed first then earthquake loads are assigned and dynamic analysis is performed. Results are presented for stresses, overturning, sliding, seismic response and hydrodynamic pressure.

Expected Results:

1- Comparative study of design criteria in existing codes2- Comparative study of safety margins in existing codes3- Assessment of reservoir boundary conditions effect on the stability of the dam4- Dynamic analysis to assess the seismic response during earthquake excitations5- Analysis the significance of reservoir length on dynamic stability of the dam6- Assessment of dam-reservoir interaction on the stability of concrete gravity dams

under static and dynamic load combinations

Tentative Publications:

1- Comparative study of design criteria and safety margins in existing codes2- Effect of reservoir boundary conditions on the stability of concrete gravity dams.3- Effect of reservoir length on the seismic response of concrete gravity dams.

Main References: Westergaard, H., Water Pressure on Dams during Earthquakes, Trans. of ASCE, Vol. 98,

1933. Chakrabarti, P. & Chopra, A., Earthquake Response of Gravity Dams Including

Reservoir Interaction Effects, Earthquake Eng. Research Center, Rep72-6, Berkley, 1972. Chopra, A. & Chakrabarti. P, Dynamic of Gravity Dams. Significance of Compressibility

of Water and 3D effects, Earthquake Engineering & Structure Dynamic, 2, 1973. Ghaemian, M. & Ghobarah. A, Nonlinear Seismic Response of Concrete Gravity Dam

with Dam-Reservoir Interaction, International Journal of Engineering Structure, 21, pp. 306-315, 1999.

Zangar, C. N., “Hydrodynamic Pressures on Dams Due to Horizontal Earthquake Effects,” Engineering Monograph, No. 11, Bureau of Reclamation, 1952.

Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Nath, B., “Earthquake Hydrodynamic Pressure on Arch Dams: an Electric Analog Solution.” Proc. Inst. Civil Eng., Vol. 25, pp. 165-176, 1963.

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Chopra, A. K., “Earthquake Behavior of Dam-Reservoir System.” J. Eng. Mech. ASCE, 94, pp. 1475-1499, 1968.

Chopra, A.K., Chakrabarti, P., “Earthquake Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams Including Dam-Fluid-Foundation Rock Interaction.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 9, pp. 363-383, 1981.

Hall, J. F. and Chopra, A. K., “Two-Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of Concrete Gravity and Embankment Dams Including Hydrodynamic Effects.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 10, pp. 305-332, 1982.

Fenves, G., Chopra, A. K., “Effects of Reservoir Bottom Absorption and Dam-Water-Foundation Rock Interaction on Frequency Response Function for Concrete Gravity Dams.” 1985.

Zeinkievich, ” The Finite Element Method” 3rd edition, 1990. Gravity Dams.”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,

Vol.13, pp.13-31. Chopra, A.K., “Dynamics of Structures, Theory and Applications to

Earthquake Engineering." Prentice-Hall of India: New Delhi. 2003.

Phase II: Reservoir Earth Dams (9 months)

Research Scope: Stability of Earth Dams“COMBINED SEEPAGE AND SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF RESERVOIR EARTH DAM”

Aim of Research:

Investigating of earth dams safety against seepage and shear failure under different load combinations.

Statement of the Problem:

Dams play a vital role in the economy of countries as they provide essential benefits like irrigation, hydropower, flood control and drinking water. Dam failure may occur due to different reasons such as structural instability conditions, hydraulic conditions, seepage or piping through the dam body or its foundation, rapid drawdown and earthquake-induced liquefaction within the body or in the dam’s foundations. In addition, seismic induced displacement of earth dams is usually evaluated to avoid excessive movement.

The amount of water seeping through and under an earth dam can be analyzed using theory of flow through porous media. The great majority of realistic seepage problems related to steady state, transient water flow, and static and dynamic stress-deformation behavior involve bodies of very complex geometry. In addition, such bodies will usually contain many zones of different materials, each of which will be anisotropic and, in general, can be best described by non-linear constitutive equations. Even if these equations are assumed to be either incrementally linear or fully linear, the problem of obtaining an analytical solution is still formidable. In practice, solutions can only be obtained by some form of numerical analysis. Finite Element techniques are powerful tools for simulating seepage and stresses of complicated earth dam problems. In the present study

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ANSYS program is employed to simulate stability assessment for selected earth dams under different loading conditions.

Keywords: Earth dams, seepage, stresses, stability of slopes, Finite Element modeling, ANSYS.

Objectives:1- Reviewing of available methodologies to assess both static and seismic stability

of earth-fill dams including the simplified methods. The review shall include the possible loading conditions to be considered in such assessment. The review shall also include the safety limits requirements based on international guidelines, standards and codes.

2- Selecting one or two of international well- known earth fill dams and studying their main components (geotechnical and hydraulic properties of the shell components as well as the foundation material).

3- Investigating the dam safety under static load combinations against seepage failure.

4- Analyzing the safety of the dam under static load combinations against shear failure.

5- Performing a dynamic analysis to assess seismic-induced- displacements and deformations of the dam.

6- Based on the results of the analysis, the generated seepage velocity gradients to cause piping shall be checked in both the downstream slope of the foundation of the dam.

7- Based on the results of the analysis, checking of possible occurrence of earthquake-induced liquefaction in the dam’s main shell components will be done. The analysis shall also shed a light on possible consequences, if there any, of liquefaction, if ever proved to take place.

8- Addressing of advanced trends to strengthen or rehabilitate dams to mitigate the discussed dam hazards.

Research Innovation and Added Value: 1- Sound review of safety limits requirements of earth dams based on

international guidelines, standards and codes of the analysis methodologies of earth dams.

2- Recommending of schemes for strengthening and rehabilitation of earth dams to face possible hazards.

Research Methodology:

Parameters that influence static and seismic behavior of earth embankment dams shall be reviewed, as well as, analysis methodologies and safety requirements. One or two well-known earth-dams shall be selected for the study. The selected dams shall be analyzed. The methods of analysis may include stability analysis using limit sate methods. Numerical Finite Element modeling for both slope stability and seepage under static and seismic conditions of the selected dam(s) shall be performed utilizing ANSYS software. 2-D steady state analysis is considered. Dynamic

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analysis of embankment dam shall be carried out. At first, the in situ stresses shall be estimated, static analysis shall be performed. Then a selected earthquake acceleration-time history shall be used to analyze the behavior of the selected dam(s) under earthquake loads. Results shall be presented for seepage, stationary free surface, piping, slope stability, liquefaction, and seismic induced displacements. In case of liquefaction occurrence, post-liquefaction consequences or scenarios shall be considered and might be analyzed.

Expected results:1- Sound review of the analysis methodologies of earth dams.2- Sound review of safety limits requirements of earth dams based on

international guidelines, standards and codes3- Data base for the literature of studies related to the properties, stability of the

selected one or two earth dam(s).4- Evaluation of the dam(s) behavior under static and seismic forces5- Analysis of the results for both Liquefaction and piping. 6- Suggestion schemes for the strengthening and rehabilitation of the dam(s) to

face possible hazards. 7- Introduction of such analyses to the research environment in Egypt in general

and more specifically to University of Tanta.8- The study shall be a solid ground or reference for analysis and design of earth

dams.

Tentative Publications: 1- Strengthening and Rehabilitation of Earth Dams.2- Stability of Earth Dams against Piping and Liquefaction.

Main References:

1. Bear, J., 1972, ”Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media”, New York- London-Amsterdam, American Elsevier, 1972.

2. Zienkiewicz, 0.C. and Taylor, R.L. 1991 ”The Finite Element Method; Volumes I, II”, 4th Edition, First Published In I967 By McGraw-Hill,

3. Zedan, B.A. 1993 “A Numerical (FEM) Study of the Effect of Anisotropy on Phreatic Seepage Flows", PhD Thesis, Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology IIT, Powai, Bombay, India

4. Elshemy, M., 2002, “Study of Soil Blockage Effect on the Seepage through Earth Dams”. Master thesis, Tanta University, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta, Egypt.

5. Maltinti F.,2007, “Numerical Analysis To Define The Optimum Inclination Of Embankment Slopes” 4th International Siiv Congress – Palermo (Italy), 12-14 September 2007

6.

7. Murray Fredlund, et. El, . 2011,“Combined Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis of Rapid Drawdown Scenarios for Levee”, Geo-Frontiers 2011 © ASCE 2011, 1595:1604

8. Bahzad M. A. NooriKhaleel S. Ismaeel, 2011 “Evaluation Of Seepage And Stability Of Duhok Dam” Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.19 No.1 February 2011

9. Moj Raj Bagale, 2012 “The Basic Theory of Fluid-Solid Coupling And Dam

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Slope Stability Analysis”,International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 1, Issue 7, August 2012 Issn 2277-8616

10. AWAL, R. et al. 2009, “Three Dimensional Transient Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis of Landslide Dam”, Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Koyoto Univ.

11. E. Alonso & N. Pinyol, 2009,”Slope Stability Under Rapid Drawdown Conditions”, http://160.97.12.201/GII/Portals/0/01_IWL2009_Alonso-Pinyol.pdf

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http://160.97.12.201/GII/Portals/0/01_IWL2009_Alonso-Pinyol.pdf

http://160.97.12.201/GII/Portals/0/01_IWL2009_Alonso-Pinyol.pdf

Submitted Proposal USAID- Dr. Zeidan1+excutive research plan

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