Struktur karbohidrat
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Transcript of Struktur karbohidrat
Ah! sweet mystery of life . . .
BIOKIMIA 1
STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI KARBOHIDRAT
Copyright © 2007 by Heli Siti HMBIOKIMIA1-2007
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Tiga Area Utama Biokimia
Struktur & fungsiBiomolekul
Metabolisme & Bioenergitika
Aliran Informasi Genetik
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BIOMOLEKUL
Karbohidrat Protein Lipid Asam nukleat
Asamamino
Asamlemak
MononukleotidaMonosakarida
Ikatanpeptida
Gaya van der Walls danikatan hidrogen
Ikatanglikosidik
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Siklus karbon
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Carbohydrate and sugar structure
Carbohydrates or saccharides are essential components of living organisms.
(C•H2O)n Where n=3 or greater.
A single saccharide is called a monosaccharide.
Oligosaccharide is a few linked monosaccharides and are at time associated with proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids)
Polysaccharides consist of many monosaccharides i.e. cellulose or glycogen
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Monosaccharides (D-aldoses)
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The Fischer convention, the basis for the D-configuration in sugars comes from D-glyceraldhyde’sconfiguration around its asymmetric carbon.
CHO
OHH
HHO
OHH
OHH
CH2OH
CHO
OHH
HHO
OHH
HHO
CH2OH
D-glucose L-glucose
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Epimers differ in configuration around one carbon atom i.e. D-glucose and D-mannose but D-glactose and D-glucose are not epimers because they very around two carbon atoms. There are 2n-2
stereoisomers
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Carbohydrates are classified as to the nature of the carbonyl group : ketone = ketose aldehyde = aldose
Triose
Tetrose
Pentose
Hexose
2(n-3)
stereoisomers of ketoses
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Monosaccharides can form ring structures
O O
PyranFuran
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Glycosidic binds are between two sugars
They can either be in the α or β configuration and can be linked through the 1-2, 1-4 or 1-6 linkage
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Sugar Polymers The Polysacchrides
• Energy Storage– Starch α-amylose and amypectin
• Structural– Cellulose and Chitin
• Glycosaminoglycans• Proteoglycans
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α-amylose
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Cellulose (polyglucose)
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Glycosaminoglycans & Proteoglycans
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Distribusi biomolekul di dalam sel
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