Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Cultivars

Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Cultivars

Xianchun Xia

National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

[email protected]

Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China

China is the largest epidemic area of stripe rust in the world.Fifteen countrywide stripe rust epidemics have been recorded since 1950, and losses of 6.0, 3.2, 1.8 and 1.3 million metric tons of wheat occurred in 1950, 1964, 1990 and 2002, respectively.



2005, 2006:

Epidemic areas are around 4 m ha,

with yield loses of 240,000 tons under the

application of fungicides.



Frequencies of races of P. striiformis tritici

(2005, 2006):

CYR31: -, 5.13% (2006)

CYR 32: 29.97%, 29.82%

Shuiyuan 11 races (including 14 pathotypes)

49.02%, 53.40%



Frequency of virulence (2006):

Yr3 (Danish 1): 95.98%

Yr3b,4b (Hybrid 46): 41.75%

Yr 6 (Trigo Eureka): 94.73%

Yr9 (Lovrin 10 and 13): 79.06%

YrA (Funo): 96.12%



Effective genes currently:

Yr5, Yr10, Yr11, Yr12, Yr13, Yr14, Yr15, Yr16,

Yr18, Yr26, Yr27, YrC591, YrSpp and YrGaby


Stripe rust epidemics in southwestern China

Resistant Susceptible

　 Chuanmai 42

　 Chuanmai 107

Ten wheat regions in China

25o

30o

35o

40o

45o

50o

Hot spot

Longnan of Gansu province is a hot-spot for stripe rust

Problems

• Frequent changes in the population of isolates of P. striiformis tritici

• Lack of diversity in resistance, about half of the Chinese wheat cultivars derived from 1B/1R translocation containing Yr9


　Crucial　issue　in　wheat　breeding　for　stripe　rust

Durable resistance!


　Breeding for Durable Resistance

1. Major genes ： pyramiding, multilines, gene deployment

2. Slow stripe rusting


Deployment of Stripe rust resistance genes in Longnan of Gansu province

Deployment of Stripe rust resistance genes in Longnan of Gansu province

1. High-altitude areasLantian 14, 15 (Yr13), 18 (from Flinor), 19 (Yr12), 20

(Yr16) etc.

2. Middle-altitude areasLantian 11, 12, 21, 22

3. Low-altitude areasLantian 17 (Yr26), 23 (from SaxF4-7), Zhongzhi 1

(YrC591), Longjian 9343 (Yr10)

Studies for stripe rust resistance

1. Characterization of seedling and adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in Chinese wheat cultivars

2. Mapping of stripe rust resistance genes


Seedling resistance to stripe rust

1. 98 wheat cultivars and advanced lines

2. 26 isolates of P. striiformis tritici


Of the 98 cultivars and lines, 42 contain Yr9,

19 haveYr26/ Yr24, and others possess Yr3a,

Yr4a, Yr6, Yr7, YrSD

Three lines, N139, 323-2 and 3S857, were

resistant to all isolates tested



Yr15 was resistant to all isolates. Yr24 /Yr26 showed low infection type to all isolates except 75078.Yr10 displayed resistant to all isolates except 75078 and 72107 。



Characterization of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust　

1. 135 wheat cultivars and lines2 、 Beijing and Tianshui of Gansu

province 2003-04 、 2004-05


1. Disease Severity, Infection Type2. AUDPC , the Aera Under Disease

Progress Curve

AUDPC=


i i+1

1

i+1 i[(X +X )/2][T -T ]n

i=∑

Characterization of adult-plant

resistance to stripe rust

Characterization of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust

1. 32 cultivars showed adult-plant resistance, which were highly susceptible to the isolate CYR32 at seedling stage, but moderately/highly resistant at adult plant stage with lower FDS (Final Disease Severity) and AUDPC,2. A significant correlation was found between FDS and

AUDPC (r= 0.91-0.98). Therefore, FDS might be a preferable parameter to AUDPC in breeding programs due to economy in assessing large

numbers of genotypes. (Li et al. Plant Dis. 90: 1302-1312 )


Mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in Chinese wheats

1. Stripe rust resistance in Zhou8425B

Zhou 8425B was a good parent, from which 7 widely grown wheat cultivars and several advanced lines derived. Based on seedling test with 26 isolates of P. striiformis tritici, it may contain new stripe rust resistance genes.


Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425B

Pedigree information:

Zhou 78A /Annong 7959 (St2422-464 / Nainari 60) ↓

Zhou 8425B (resistant to stripe rust, leaf rust and PM)

During the past 20 years, about 40 cultivars have been developed from the line.(Seeds were offered Prof. Jorge Dubcovski, UC Davis)



F1, F2 and F3 populations from

the cross

Zhou 8425B / Chinese Spring




Frequency of seedlings with infection typea

Plant material 0 0; 1 2 3 4

Chinese Spring 18

Zhou 8425B 2 6 4

F1 8

F2 121 88 231 25 146



Fig. 1 Electrophoresis of PCR product amplified with SSR marker Xcfa2040 in polyacrylamide gel. A, allele for resistant parent Zhou 8425B (P1); B, allele for Chinese Spring (P2); Br, resistant bulk; Bs, susceptible bulk; An, Annong 7959; Zh, Zhou 78A; R, resistant F2

plants S, susceptible F2 plants

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425B (F3 families)


Allele b Marker Genotype a

A H B Total

Xcfa2040 RR 29 29

Rr 1 43 2 46

rr 3 19 22

Total 30 46 21 97

Xbarc32 RR 27 2 29

Rr 2 41 3 46

rr 2 20 22

Total 29 45 23 97

Reaction patterns of Yr2, Yr6 and YrZH84 to 26 isolates


Cultivar or line and their resistance genes to stripe rust

Yr6 /6*Avocet S Maris Huntsman Heines VII Clement Zhou 8425B Isolate Origin a

Yr6 Yr2, Yr3a, Yr4a, Yr13 Yr2, Yr25 Yr9, YrCle Yr9, YrZH84

CYR26 China 3+ 3

+

,4

3 0 0

CYR27 China 3 3 4 0 0;

CYR29 China 4 4 4 4 1+, 2

CYR32 China 4 4 3+, 4 4 1+, 2

Su-1 China 3 0; 2+ 0 0

PE92 Italy 3+, 4 1+, 2 + 2 0 0

59791 Netherlands 0; 3 3 0 0

60105 Germany 0;+ 0;

+, 1

+ 0;

+, 2

+ 0 0

61009 Netherlands 0;, 2 0; 0 0 0

68009 Netherlands 4 4 4 0 0

72107 - 3 0; 0;, 1 0 0

74187 Ecuador 0 0;+ 0, 0; 0,0; 0

75078 Egypt 2+ 3 3, 3

+ 0 0

76088 Afghanistan 3 0 0; 0 0

76093 Pakistan 3+, 4 0; 1+

0 0

78028 Israel 4 0; 1, 2+ 0 0

78080 Mexico 4 4 3 0 0

80551 Netherlands 2+ 3 3 4 3

+, 4

82061 Chile 3 4 4 4 3

82517 France 1+, 2 4 4 0 0

85019 Chile 4 4 2 0; 0

86036 Bolivia 0;+ 0;

+ 0;

+ 0; 0

86094 Kenya 4 0; 0 3 2

86106 Ethiopia 4 0;

,1+

4 0 0

86107 Ethiopia 3 0, 0; 3 4 2

Li et al. Theor Appl Genet, 112: 1098-1103

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42

Pedigree information:

Chuanmai 42 from Syn769/Sw3243//Chuan6415

Syn769 was derived from Decoy 1, a T. turgidum

accession (AABB), and Ae. tauschii 188 (DD).



Chuanmai 42 /Taichung 29

787 F2 plants, 185 F3 families




Infection type a Material

No. of p lant s

scored 0 0; 1 1+ 2 2+ 3- 3 3+ 4 _ 2

3: 1

Chuanmai 42 30 30

Taichung 29 30 9 21

F2 787 3 324 98 97 64 13 3 23 15 147

0.52


819 SSR primers bulked segregant analysis (BSA) Chromosome 1BL:Xwmc626, Xgwm273, Xgwm11, Xgwm18, Xbarc137, Xbarc187, Xgwm498, Xbarc240 and Xwmc216




M P1P2BRBSRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S M

*

200bp

300bp

Amplification of a part of F2 plants derived from the cross

Chuanmai 42×Taichung 29 using SSR marker Xgwm11. M ：Marker,　 P1:Chuanmai 42, P2:Taichung 29, BR:resistant bulk,

BS:susceptible bulk, R:resistant progenies, S:susceptible

progenies, *:recombinant progenies, Arrow on the right side



Resistant plant Susceptible plant Linkage to YrCH42 Marker

A H B A H B Expected Ratio

a _2

b

Distance LOD c

Xwmc626 207 375 10 2 10 172 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.84 3.3 cM 30.7

Xgwm273 205 381 8 0 10 173 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.48 2.5 cM 32.5

Xgwm11 207 386 8 0 9 174 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.6 2.3 cM 33.0

Xgwm18 204 388 8 0 8 175 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.21 2.2 cM 33.4

Xbarc137 205 388 7 0 9 175 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.45 2.2 cM 33.4

Xbarc187 204 379 7 0 9 174 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.34 2.2 cM 33.0

Xgwm498 200 382 7 0 4 181 A:H:B=1:2:1 0.37 1.5 cM 35.7

Xbarc240 191 388 13 0 15 169 A:H:B=1:2:1 1.36 3.8 cM 29.6

Xwmc216 176 376 10 3 45 171 A:H:B=1:2:1 4.89 14.8 cM 15.7



Xgwm498 -1B b Xgwm187 -1B b Genotype a Total

A H B 　　 A　 H　 B　

RR 50 49 1 0 48 2 0

Rr 95 4 90 3 4 91 2

rr 41 0 0 40 0 1 39

Total 186 53 91 43 52 94 41

1



Xwmc626

Xgwm273

Xgwm11

Xgwm18

Xbarc137

Xbarc187

YrCH42

Xgwm498

Xbarc240

Xwmc216

1.5cM

0.4cM

0.3cM

0.6cM

0.3cM

2.3cM

1.6cM

3.2cM

12.5cM

1B



1BS

1BL

1.6cM

2.7cM

5.6cM

1.3cM

1.9cM

Xpsp30001.2cM

Yr24Yr26 YrCH42

Xgwm498

Xwmc44

Xgwm18

Xgwm273

YrH52

Yr29

Xgwm413

Yr15

4.3cM

Yr10



Yr24 /3*

Avocet S

Yr26 /3*

Avocet S

Chuanmai

42 Isolate

Yr24 Yr26 YrCH42

58893 0; 0;+ 0;

59791 0;- 1 0, 1 0

60105 0;+ 0;+ 0;

61009 0; 0; 0, 0;

68009 0; 0; 0;

72107 0;+, 1

+ 0;

+, 1 0;

+, 1

74187 0; 0; 0;

75078 2+ 2+, 3 2+, 3

76088 0 0; 0;

76093 0;, 1+ 0; 0;

78028 0; 0; 0, 0;

78080 0; 0; 0;

80551 0; 0; 0;

82061 0; 0; 0;

82517 0;+ 0;

+ 0;

+

85019 0; 0, 1 0; 1

86036 0;+ 0;

+ 0;

86094 0; -1 0; 0;

86106 0;+ 0;

+ 0;

+

86107 0; 0; 0;

CYR26 0 0; 0

CYR27 0; 0; 0, 0;

CYR29 0;+ 0;+ 0;+

CYR32 0;+ 0;+ 0;+

CYR -Su-1 0 0, 0; 0;

PE92 0;+ 0; 0;+

Li et al. Theor Appl Genet, 112: 1434-1440

QTL mapping for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust　

1. （ Pingyuan 50 × Mianxian169 ）　　 F2:3 and DH lines

2004-05 ， 2005-06 , 2006-07 in Beijing and Gansu

2. （ Libellula×Huixianhong） F2:3 lines tested in Beijing and Gansu

2004-05 ， 2005-06 , 2006-07

3. （ N.Strampelli×Huixianhong） F2:3 lines tested in Beijing and Gansu,

2004-05 ， 2005-06 , 2006-07


Shuttle breeding with CIMMYT for adult-plant resistance

Thank you Thank you ！！

Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Cultivars

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