STATUS OF STRIPE RUST RESEARCH IN INDIA

STATUS OF STRIPE RUST

RESEARCH IN INDIA

Arun K. Sharma & M. S. Saharan

Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, INDIA

Establishment of the AllIndia Coordinated WheatImprovement Project(AICWIP) in 1965 by theICAR

The real breakthrough inproductivity occurred fromsubstitution by the semi-dwarf Mexican wheatthrough the GreenRevolution.

The Green revolution and after (1965 onwards)

© Directorate of Wheat Research

National Wheat ProgrammeDWR and AICW&BIP

DWR – nodal centre of

wheat & barley research

Regional Stations

Flowerdale, Shimla

Dalang Maidan (>10,000

ft)

107 scientists from 31

funded centres

115 non-funded cooperating

centres

National coordination: rice-

wheat cropping system

Wheat in India

• Second most important winter cereal after rice.

• Bread wheat contributes approximately 95% to totalproduction

• Remaining 4% from durum wheat and 1% from Dicoccum

• Wheat crop contributes substantially to the national foodsecurity by providing more than 50% of the calories to thepeople who mainly depend on it.

• Wheat contributed 37 % (80.71 million tons) in total foodgrain production to the tune of 218.20 million tons during2009-10. The estimate for wheat production in 2010 – 11crop season is 84. 27 million tons , an all time high record.


Wheat Growing Zones

Zone Area covered Area m ha

(%)

Northern Hills Zone

(NHZ)

Western Himalayan regions of J&K (except Jammu and Kathua distt.); H.P.

(except Una and Paonta Valley); Uttarakhand (except Tarai area); Sikkim and

hills of West Bengal and N.E. States

0.8 (2.9%)

North Western

Plains Zone

(NWPZ)

Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions),

Western UP (except Jhansi division), parts of J&K (Jammu and Kathua

districts), HP (Una dist. and Paonta valley) and Uttarakhand (Tarai region)

11.3

(40.1%)

North Eastern

Plains Zone (NEPZ)

Eastern UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Assam and plains of NE

States

9.5 (33.2%)

Central Zone (CZ) MP, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Rajasthan(Kota and Udaipur divisions) and UP (

Jhansi division)

5.2 (18.1%)

Peninsular Zone

(PZ)

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, plains of Tamil Nadu 1.6 (5.4%)

Southern Hills Zone

(SHZ)

Hilly areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala comprising the Nilgiri and Palni hills of

southern plateau

0.1 (0.4%)

TOTAL 28.5


Revised Wheat Targets-2030 AD

90.0 m tons of wheat to feed our population by

the year 2030 A.D.


Wheat Rusts in India

• Stripe Rust- More prevalent on north western parts and northern hills.

• Leaf Rust– All parts of the country

• Stem Rust– Central & Peninsular parts

•No major epidemic of any of the rusts occurred in India

during the past about four decades.

•A new stripe rust pathotype, 78S84 was detected on

PBW 343 in 2001. During 2008-09, it appeared on var.

PBW 343, PBW 502, HD 2687 and other susceptible vars.

in NWPZ.


Key components of pest management of wheat

in India

• Host resistance

• Crop Health monitoring

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)


Crop Health Monitoring and Surveillance

• Roving Surveys

• Trap Plot Nurseries - 27 locations in India

• SAARC Disease Trap Nursery : 22 locations in India,

Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Pakistan

• Wheat Crop Health Newsletter

(Available on website: http://dwr.in )

http://dwr.in/


Puccinia Path and Stripe rust in India

Northern hillsWestern

side

Nilgiri hills


Monitoring Yellow RustArea (Encircled) Intensively Surveyed Every Year


TRAP PLOT NURSERIES

Trap Plot Nursery (TPN) : 36 locations in India

SAARC Disease Trap Nursery : Planted at 23

locations in India (14), Bangladesh (2), Nepal (3),

Bhutan (2) and Pakistan (2)


Time of appearance of rusts in different

wheat growing zones in India (1995-2011)Zone Stripe Rust

NHZ January /

February

NWPZ February, rarely in January

NEPZ Rarely

CZ No

PZ No

SHZ December / January

In 2010-11 crop season, disease appeared in mid

December, 2010 in Punjab


Dominant Pathotypes of Rusts in India

• Yellow rust pathotype 78S84 was found

infecting PBW 343 in NWPZ and lower hills

of NHZ towards the 2nd fortnight of March

2001(Sharma & Duveillier)

• 78S84 is the most dominant pathotype of

yellow rust in NWPZ due to the widespread

cultivation of PBW 343 in the zone. The

other dominant pathotype is 46S119 (Yr9

virulence).

Pt. 78S84 on PBW 343


HOST RESISTANCE

EVALULATION FOR PROMOTION / IDENTIFICATION OFVARIETIES

CONSTITUTION AND EVALUATION OF PEST SCREENINGNURSERIES

IDENTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE RESISTANT ENTRIES / SOURCESOF RESISTANCE

CONTRIBUTION TO NGSN FOR USE BY THE BREEDINGPROGRAMMEAT CO-OPERATING CENTRES

RUST RESISTANCE GENES POSTULATION AND DISTRIBUTIONOF PATHOTYPES


PLANT PATHOLOGICAL SCREENING NURSERIESIPPSN PPSN

Locations: Karnal, Ludhiana, Gurdaspur, DhaulaKuan, Durgapura, Malan, Bajoura, Jammu and Pantnagar


Multiple Resistant Genotypes Identified in

2009-10Resistant to all Three Rusts

+RA: MACS 3660, PBW 599, PBW 605, PDW 312, VL 922, HP

1911, IWP 5019

+SF: B662

+SF+FA+KB: HD 2989

+SF +FS+KB: VL 900

+SF+MR to LB+R to KB+Pm: PBW 580

+BWM: PBW 581, PBW 590, HD 2997, HS 512, HW 1096

+FA+FS+MR to LB: HPW 296

+RA+SF+FS+MR to LB: LION 1172

+ BWM+SF+ KB+FS: AKDW 3795-3


Resistant to Leaf and Stripe Rusts

+RA: MP 1202, IWP 72

+RA+BWM: Raj 4125

Resistant to Stem and Stripe Rusts

+RA: TL 2961, MACS 6272, MP 1212, UAS 305

+SF: UAS 415,

+KB+FS+MR to LB+SF: HPW 297

+BWM+KB+FS: HS 491

+ RA+BWM+SF+Pm+KB+FS: TL 2959

+RA+BWM+FA+ Pm+KB+FS: VL 923

+SF+FA: HD 2969

Resistant to Stripe Rust

+ RA: IWP 72, A-9-30-1,

+SF: HPW 331, UP 2770

+BWM+KB: HPW 329

+RA+SF: UP 2762

+SF+KB


Resistant wheat genotypes to stripe, leaf and stem rusts (ACI ranging from 0-10)

AVT IInd YearAKDW 4021 (D), DBW 50, DBW 51, DBW 52, HD 3016, HI 1563, HI 8691

(D), HS 507, HS 513, HW 5207-1, KRL 240, MACS 3742 (D), MP 3288,

PBW 621, PBW 629, PDW 315, PDW 317, RSP 561, UAS 315, WH 1081

and WHD 943.

AVT Ist YearDBW 54, DBW 58, DBW 60, DBW 73, GW 1255, HD 3028, HD 3043, HI

1569, HI 1571, HI 8702 (d), HI 8703, HI 8704 (d), HI 8708 (d), HI 8709 (d),

HPW 316, HPW 317, HPW 338, HPW 347, HPW 348, HS 514, HS 525, HS

532, HS 533, HS 534, HUW 635, HUW 636, HUW 638, K 0808, KRL 249,

KRL 250, KRL 273, MACS 3744 (d), MP 1236, MPO 1232 (d), NIAW 1549,

NIDW 577 (d), NW 4081, NW 4091, NW 4092, PBW 634, PBW 635, PBW

636, PBW 639, PBW 640, PBW 644, PDW 322, RAJ 4201, RAJ 4205,

RSP 566, SKW 441, TL 2968, TL 2969, UAS 324, UAS 327, UAS 429,

UAS 432 (d), UP 2763, UP 2766, UP 2798, UP 2799, VL 926, VL 930, VL

931, VL 934, VL 943, VL 944, VL 946, WH 1094, WH 1095 and WHD 946.

RESISTANCE LEVEL IN PIPELINE MATERIALS


National and

International

Nurseries

EPPSN PPSN

Individual

Disease

Screening

Nurseries

MDSNOther

Sources

NGSNMaterials

Utilized as

Sources of

Resistance Long Term

Storage

Registration

of Genetic

Stocks

Flow of Material for Identification of Sources of

Resistance in Wheat


Commonly used Rust Resistance Genes

Rust Commonly used Effective genes being utilized

Stripe Rust Yr9, Yr18, Yr27, Yr2, Yr2(KS),Yr3

PBW 343 contains Yr 9+18+27

Yr5, Yr10, Yr15


0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

AC

I

Stem Rust Leaf Rust Leaf Rust Yellow rust

Southern Part Northern Part

Varieties

Checks

Infectors

Enhancement of rust resistance in AVT entries


Gene Pyramiding in WheatDisease Target

cultivar

s

Genes Donors Molecula

r markers

Leaf

rust and

Stripe

rust

PBW343 Yr10

Yr15

Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)

Lr35(Sr39)

HW 2005 (Lr24)

HW2033 (Lr28)

Tc*Lr35

PBW343/Tc*Lr37

WH542/Yr10

WH542/Yr15,

PBW343/Yr15

Lr 24/STS)

Lr 28(STS)

Lr 35(STS)

Lr 37(STS)

Yr 10 (STS)

Yr 15 (SSR)

HD 2687 Yr10

Yr15

Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)

Lr35(Sr39)

HUW234 Yr10

Yr15

Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)

Lr35(Sr39)

HD2733 Yr10

Yr15

Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)

Lr35(Sr39)

WH147 Lr24(Sr24)

Lr28

Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)

Lr35(Sr39)

LOK 1 Lr24(Sr24)

Lr28

Lr37(Yr17/ Sr38)

Lr35(Sr39)

Action plan for Yellow rust in NWPZ

• Extensive crop health monitoring

• Advisories issued to replace PBW 343 and other susceptible varieties with PBW 550 and DBW 17, specially in the epidemiologically important region –foothills and plains of J&K, foot hills and along the international border in Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh

• Avoid the planting of susceptible varieties in NHZ


• Chemical control to be adopted for susceptible varieties

• Seed treatment with bioagent fungi like T.viride alone or in combination with reduced doses of chemicals for getting PGPR like effect in reducing disease level through, ISR

Action plan for Yellow rust in

NWPZ(contd.)


69.43

34.23 33.85

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Sonalika PBW 343 PBW 343

Bajoura Ludhiana Karnal

% Yield Losses due to Yellow rust in NWPZ


Extent of Wheat grain production saved in Punjab during 2009-10 through timely action

and the advisories issued

• Extent of losses in var PBW 343 : 34.04%

• Net area sown : 4.20m ha

• Production in 2009-10 : 15.11 m t

• Losses if PBW 343 grown : 5.14 m t

• Cost of 5.14 m t wheat : Rs. 5397 crore

• Timely action and the crop protection advisory saved 5.14 m t of wheat worth Rs. 5397 crore

(@ Rs.1050 / Q, MSP) (approximately)


Conclusion

• Stripe rust is the most important disease in northern parts of India

• Survey – surveillance is very important to take pre-emptive action to avoid epidemic situations

• Regional monitoring on the International movement of rusts should be the top priority

• Resistance materials are available in the Indian wheat programme on breeding for disease resistance

• Seeing the importance of other diseases, multiple disease / pest resistance approach is needed.


Thanks

http://69.42.73.10/netfu/tmp10020/coollogo_com_96053.gif

STATUS OF STRIPE RUST RESEARCH IN INDIA

Documents

Transcript of STATUS OF STRIPE RUST RESEARCH IN INDIA