Status of HTS Projects in the US - superpower-inc.com · Albany HTS Cable Project ... • No...

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Status of HTS Projects in the US

Chuck WeberDirector, HTS ApplicationsApril 22, 2008

APPA 2008Engineering & Operations Technical ConferenceIndianapolis, Indiana

APPA, April 23, 2008, Indianapolis, IN

HTS Materials Research– Synthesis– Characterization– Microstructure-Property

Relationships– Other

HTS Materials Research– Synthesis– Characterization– Microstructure-Property

Relationships– Other

ScienceScience

CryogenicsDielectrics

CryogenicsDielectrics

Epitaxial Film GrowthApproach single crystal Ic

Epitaxial Film GrowthApproach single crystal Ic

Market-Ready Electric Power Equipment

- Conductor Development- Applications- Strategic Research

SystemsElectric Power Application

Prototypes

SystemsElectric Power Application

Prototypes

DOE HTS Program R&D Activity Flow

Long Wire ProcessingApproach short length IcLong Wire Processing

Approach short length IcMarket-Ready HTS Wires and Coils


U.S. HTS Cable Installations

Albany, NY

Carrollton, GA

Long Island, NY

Columbus, OH

New Orleans, LA New Project

New York, NY (DHS)


Albany, NY - Site Location


• Demonstration of technical and commercial viability of underground HTS cable operation between two National Grid substations

– 350m long - 34.5kV - 800Arms - 48MVA• Cable was energized on July 20, 2006 and serves the equivalent of 25,000 homes• 2006 installation connects two lengths of 1G cable totaling 350

meters with the world's first HTS cable-to-cable joint, required for long cable runs

Albany HTS Cable Project

• Cable operated for more than 9 months (>6,720 hours) before taken-off-line

• 30 m section has been replaced with a 2G cable - world's first use of 2G in any utility device

Cable configuration: 3 phases in 1 common cryostat

34kV, 48MVA


66

67

68

69

70

71

7/20 8/17 9/14 10/12 11/9 12/7 1/4 2/1 3/1 3/29 4/26

Date (2006-2007)

Tem

pera

ture

[K]

0

4

8

12

16

20

Tran

smitt

ed E

lect

ricity

[MVA

]

Cable Inlet Temperature

Cable Outlet Temperature

Transmitted Electricity

Chiller System ShutdownSupply Voltage Issue

Energizedon July 20,2006

Completedon May 1, 2007

Fault Current Event

7kA

8 cycle

The HTS cable system was checked for damage after the fault eventNo Issues Re-connected to Power Grid

More Than 6,700 Hrs of Reliable Power Transmission

Summary of Phase I Operation


Excellent overall performance obtained in 2G cable

Ic of conductor layers ~ 2660 –2820A (DC, 77K, 1μV/cm)

Ic of shield layers ~ 2400 – 2500A (DC, 77K, 1μV/cm)

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current (A, DC)

Elec

trica

l Fie

ld(u

V/cm

)

Core-1Core-2Core-3

Ic Criterion (1uV/cm)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

100 1000 10000Loading Current (Arms, 60Hz)

AC

loss

(W/m

/pha

se)

Measured value

0.34 W/m/ph @ 800 ArmsAlmost same result as previous

1 meter test 2G cable

No Ic degradation and No defect was found at dismantling inspection when bent to a diameter of 2.4 m

Cable withstood AC 69kV for 10 minutes and Impulse ±200kV, 10 times


Columbus HTS Cable Project• 200-meter, 3-phase HTS power cable at an American Electric Power

substation in Columbus, OH• Cable was energized August 8, 2006 and serves the equivalent of 36,000

homes, summer peak 2715 Amps• New “triax” cable design – all 3 phases in one cable and uses ½ the

amount of HTS wire compared to other designs• Cable has operated successfully for more than 1 year – 99.8973%

availability (8751/8760 hours)• Pulse tube cryocoolers installed and running as expected

3 Superconducting Phases

13.2kV, 69MVA

LIPA Project Overview

World’s First Installation of a Transmission Voltage HTS Cable

• Long Island Power Authority – Holbrook Substation• Electrical Characteristics

- Design Voltage/Current – 138kV/2400A ~ 574MVA- Design Fault Current – 51,000A @ 12 line cycles (200ms)

• Physical Characteristics- Length ~ 600m- HTS Conductor Length ~155km- Cold Dielectric Design

• Hardware Deliverables- Three ~600 m Long Phase Conductors- Six 138kV Outdoor Terminations- One Refrigeration System + Laboratory Pulse Tube

System• Installation/Commissioning – Spring 2008

LIPA Cable Project and Project Team

SPI

LIPA Project Status

North End

Terminations

Refrigeration System

StatusSystem is manufactured, installed and will be commissioned in Spring 2008

New Project: AMSC “LIPA 2A” HTS Cable

LIPA 2A Project Scope:• Demonstrate cost-effective 2G cable at transmission voltage

- Use existing system – replace 1G wire with 2G

• Introduce repairable cryostat and cable joint

• Develop low-cost, reliable, and efficient refrigeration system- 65K/20 kW Turbo Brayton refrigerator

• Demonstrate inherent fault current limiting capability at transmission voltage

HV Termination

RedundantCooling & Control

Cold Termination

Heat

Pow

er

SC

AD

A

Supply

Return

HV Termination

RedundantCooling & Control

Cold Termination

Heat

Pow

er

SC

AD

A

Supply

Return


New Project: New Orleans HTS CableProblem:• Load growth in urban area• Saturated 13 kV distribution• 230/13 substation to north &

south of area• Need new substation at mid-

point

Challenges:• Overhead rights of way for

230 or 13 kV very difficult or impossible

• Small footprint available for new substation dictates gas insulated substation 230 kV equipment or expensive station expansion

• 230 kV solution: placing transformer in dense residential area

• 13 kV conventional: Voltage drop, power quality

Solution:• 13.8 kV HTS cable to transmit 60 MVA into small footprint

station. (2 splices, three sections)• 1700 meters HTS cable• Meets load growth needs• No transformers needed• Leverage reserve transformer capacity at south end• Single point cooling station• 13.8 kV HTS replaces 230 kV underground• Cost-effective with DOE support

HYDRA Project Overview

World’s First Installation of an Inherently Fault Current Limiting HTS Cable

• Sponsored by Department of Homeland Security• Installed in Consolidated Edison Company of New York grid• Inherently Fault Current Limiting HTS cable connecting two substations in

Manhattan• Electrical Characteristics

- Design Voltage/Current – 13.8kV/4,000A- Maximum Fault Current – 40,000A

• Physical Characteristics- Length ~ 300m with cold dielectric design

• Hardware Deliverables- One ~300m Long 3-Phase Cable- Three 13.8kV Outdoor Terminations / Three 13.8kV Indoor Terminations• One Refrigeration System

• Installation/Commissioning – Spring 2010

HYDRA Project Team

AMSCPrime Contractor

Con Edison SouthwireAMSC

Cable and Accessory Design

Cable Manufacturing

Cable and Accessory Installation

Utility Requirements

Project Oversight

FCL Cable System Site

Altran Solutions, Construction Engineering

Technical Oversight

Wire Development

Wire Manufacturing

System Hardware Development

Project Management & System Design

Air Liquide, Refrigeration System

Hydra Project Status

• System design in process

• Two single-phase 3-meter engineering cables fabricated and testing underway

• Three phase 50-meter cable demonstration scheduled for fall 2008

• Cable termination design started

• Refrigeration system requirements established

• Construction drawing package in review with Consolidated Edison

• System installation and commissioning in spring 2010


Fault Current Limiters


New Project: SuperPower 138 kV FCL

• “Continuation” of current DOE project: – 1Φ alpha fabrication and test– 3Φ beta design, fabrication, test and

grid installation• Site selected: AEP TIDD substation

– 1,200 Arms, 138 kV– Prospective fault current is 13.8 kArms

(~37 kApeak)• DOE Investment - first period: $2.4M, total

up to $5.8M Single Phase SFCL

Bushings

MatrixAssembly

HTS Elements

Cryostat

• FCL design features matrix design consisting of parallel 2G HTS elements and conventional coils

Nissin Electric Co. Ltd.


TIDD Substation – One-Line Diagram (Partial)

Proposed SFCL Installation Location


RUL Description

5 CyclesFault

13kA/7kA

18 Cycles Load Current

15 sec Load Current

135 sec Load Current

5 CyclesFault

13kA/7kA

5 CyclesFault

13kA/7kA

5 CyclesFault

13kA/7kA

Breaker opens and locks-out

Recovery under NO Load Current

5 CyclesFault

13kA/7kA

160 sec Load Current

Recovery Under Load (RUL)

Load current flows through HTS / Shunt circuitry while cooling down from heating during fault transient(s).

Typical AEP reclosure sequence

Shu

nt

2G Elements


New Project: AMSC 115 kV FCL• Final target specs: SuperLimiter FCL system

– 115 kV, 1200 A nominal rating– Fault current reduction from 80 kA to below 55 kA

• 5 year project – Phase 1a

• 2G wire• Develop optimized wire for HV

FCL• HV system modeling and design

– Phase 1b• Develop switching modules,

cryostat and terminations• Build and lab-test single phase

HV system– Phase 2

• Build full 3-phase HV system• Install and test in SCE grid

• DOE Investment - Phase 1a: $3.2M, total up to $12.7M

http://www.uh.edu/


SPE Project Description


Key Technology Component: SuperLimiter Shunt Configuration with Fast Switch (AMSC/Siemens)


New Project: SC Power Systems 138 kV Class FCC• Features HTS coil and DC power supply in

a saturable reactor in series with AC line • Project Phases (5 years total)

– 15 kV Class w/ 1G HTS wire to be installed at test site

– 15 kV Class replaced with 2G wire and installed at test site

– Development & Demo of 69 kV Class

– Development & Demo of 138 kV Class

• DOE Investment - First phase: $2.4M, total up to $11M

http://www.airproducts.com/

29

Fault Current Limiter – Surge Suppressor for Power Grids» We keep the lights on «

SC Power Systems, Inc. is now Zenergy Power, Inc.

Zenergy has two US contracts for its patented fault current limiter– California Energy Commission grant for $500k to install

13.8kV FCL in the SoCal Edison grid– DOE grant for $11M to develop and install 138kV FCL

First phase to install 13.8kV FCL at utility to be determined

30

Prototype Hardware Testing Program

Successful testing in Q4 2007 under observation of major US utilities

PG&E San Ramon, CA – Oct 2007– 480V and 460A steady state current

Powertech Labs British Columbia – Dec 2007– 13kV and 1100A steady state current

Testing at Powertech – Dec 2007

31

Short Circuit Test ResultsFirst Prototype – 21% fault current reduction

100 200 300 400 500 600ms-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40kA

Line

Cur

rent

[kA]

-s033ias036ia

16 kA rms NO FCL

12.7 kA rms w/ FCL

32

Hardware Schedule for 2008

CEC machine for SoCal Edison– Delivery in Q3-2008– 13.8kV, 1200A, Prospective fault up to 22kA

DOE machine – provisional specification– Delivery in Q3-2008– 13.8kV, 4000A, Prospective fault up to 80kA


2008 Events

• National Electricity Delivery Forum, Feb 20-21www.electricitydeliveryforum.org

• American Public Power Association Engineering & Operations Conference, April 20-23

www.appanet.org• HTS Peer Review, July 29-31• Applied Superconductivity Conference, August 17-22 (Chicago, IL)• EPRI Superconductivity Conference, Fall • Coated Conductor for Applications Workshop, First week in December,

University of Houston

http://www.electricitydeliveryforum.org/

http://www.appanet.org/


For more information… Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability’s Website

www.electricity.doe.gov

[email protected]

[email protected]

SuperPower, Inc Websitewww.superpower-inc.com

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