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Transcript of State of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Commercial Passenger Vessel Environmental...
State of Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation
Commercial Passenger Vessel Environmental Compliance Program
For more information call Albert Faure at (907) 465-5279For more information call Albert Faure at (907) 465-5279
Created and updated by DEC on October 13, 2006Created and updated by DEC on October 13, 2006
Cruise Ship Tourism GrowthCruise Ship Tourism Growth
Passengers Outnumber UsPassengers Outnumber Us
0
400,000
800,000
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Cruise ShipPassengers
930,000930,000
Approximately 1.2 million people Approximately 1.2 million people (passengers & crew) visit SE (passengers & crew) visit SE
Alaska with population of 75,000Alaska with population of 75,000
Why Focus On Cruise Ships?
Cruise ships share marine Cruise ships share marine environment with environment with
** Commercial Fisheries Commercial Fisheries
(Alaska’s #1 private (Alaska’s #1 private employer) employer)
** Subsistence UsersSubsistence Users
Place Name DescriptionAnnual small
ship visitsAnnual large
ship visits
College Fjord
Tidewater GlacierSouth central Alaska
38 122
Glacier Bay Tidewater GlaciersNational Park in SE AK
167 206
Hubbard Glacier
Tidewater GlacierYakutat on Gulf of Alaska
7 158
Juneau Port in Southeast Alaska 139 492
Ketchikan Port in Southeast Alaska 48 443
Sitka Port in Southeast Alaska(outside coast)
122 159
Skagway Port in Southeast Alaska (Northern Lynn Canal)
131 381
Tracy Arm Tidewater Glacier in Southeast Alaska (between Juneau& Wrangell)
129 155
2006 Places most frequently visited by ships?2006 Places most frequently visited by ships?
Cruise Ship Waste Profile
Ballast Water
• USCG mandatory reporting program for vessels over 300 gross tons effective 6/14/04.
• Requires ballast exchange from vessels entering the 200 nautical mile Economic Exclusions Zone (EEZ).
• Cruise ships traveling within the EEZ do not have to exchange ballast but they must report.
• DEC regulates non-segregated ballast water from oil tankers in Valdez. Segregated ballast tanks are not regulated.
• ADF&G is evaluating invasive species protection.
Bilge Water
• USCG lead agency
• Oil content must be <15 ppm to discharge
GRAY AND BLACK WATER GRAY AND BLACK WATER
Federal LegislationFederal Legislation
Introduced by Senator Frank Murkowski to regulate large ship wastewater Introduced by Senator Frank Murkowski to regulate large ship wastewater discharges. Law Title XIV -- “Certain Alaskan Cruise Ship Operations” discharges. Law Title XIV -- “Certain Alaskan Cruise Ship Operations” passed 12/21/00, Regulations 33 CFR 159, Subpart E were effective July 26, passed 12/21/00, Regulations 33 CFR 159, Subpart E were effective July 26, 2001. Administered by the United States Coast Guard (USCG).2001. Administered by the United States Coast Guard (USCG).
State LegislationState LegislationSpecial legislative session. Alaska Statute (AS) 46.03.460-.490 effective July Special legislative session. Alaska Statute (AS) 46.03.460-.490 effective July 2001. Regulations 18 AAC 69 effective November 15, 2002.2001. Regulations 18 AAC 69 effective November 15, 2002.Administered by the Department of Environmental Conservation’s Administered by the Department of Environmental Conservation’s Commercial Passenger Vessel Environmental Compliance Program.Commercial Passenger Vessel Environmental Compliance Program.
Quick Comparison Federal Law and State Law Standards
Law State Federal
# overnight passengers
50+ 500+
Discharge limits 1 mile from shore @ min. 6 knots
BW & GW BW only
Fecal Coliform/100 ml 200 200
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l)
150 150
Discharge limits Continuous discharge (in port)
BW & GW BW
Fecal Coliform/100 ml Refers 20
Chlorine (mg/l) to Fed 10
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l)
Law 30
Sewage treatment standards commonly use fecal coliform. Sewage treatment standards commonly use fecal coliform.
Federal Legislation closed “Donut Holes.” “Donut Federal Legislation closed “Donut Holes.” “Donut Holes” wereHoles” were areas within the Inside Passage where areas within the Inside Passage where discharge of untreated sewage was allowed. discharge of untreated sewage was allowed. Untreated sewage discharged from Large ships is Untreated sewage discharged from Large ships is prohibited since December 2000.prohibited since December 2000.
•JuneauJuneau
•KetchikanKetchikan
•SkagwaySkagway
•Donut HoleDonut Hole
US Coast Guard
• Administers Federal Law• Certifies vessels that meet
more stringent standards to discharge continuously (including in port)
• Requires two samples per month to keep certification
State Law Created theCommercial Passenger Vessel
Environmental Compliance Program
CPVEC requires:• Annual registration• Program fees• Wastewater sampling by industry• Ship record keeping of wastes• Enforcement of standards• State verification by taking additional samples or
auditing the industry samples
Commercial Passenger Vessel Commercial Passenger Vessel Environmental Compliance ProgramEnvironmental Compliance Program
• The program established The program established by Alaska Statute (AS) by Alaska Statute (AS) 46.03.460 - .490 covers46.03.460 - .490 covers– GraywaterGraywater
– BlackwaterBlackwater
– Visible EmissionsVisible Emissions
– Solid WasteSolid Waste
– Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste
• It does not coverIt does not cover– BilgeBilge
– BallastBallast
– SludgeSludge
Discharging Options in Alaska WatersDischarging Options in Alaska WatersThree Discharge OptionsThree Discharge Options
1.1. Standard Terms and ConditionsStandard Terms and Conditions
• Effluent must be less than:Effluent must be less than:
• 150 mg/l of total suspended solids (TSS) 150 mg/l of total suspended solids (TSS)
• 200 fecal coliform colonies/ 100 ml (FC)200 fecal coliform colonies/ 100 ml (FC)
2.2. Alternative Terms and Conditions Alternative Terms and Conditions [[AS 46.03.462(a-c)]AS 46.03.462(a-c)]
• For vessels that can’t comply with option 1, ADEC approves alternative terms For vessels that can’t comply with option 1, ADEC approves alternative terms and conditions that:and conditions that:
a.a. provide equivalent environmental protection;provide equivalent environmental protection;
b.b. grant additional time necessary to make agreed upon changes to the vessel grant additional time necessary to make agreed upon changes to the vessel to meet the standard terms and conditions;to meet the standard terms and conditions;
c.c. test experimental technology that has a reasonable likelihood of success in test experimental technology that has a reasonable likelihood of success in providing increased environmental protection;providing increased environmental protection;
Continued on next slideContinued on next slide
Discharging Options in Alaska WatersDischarging Options in Alaska Waterscontinuedcontinued
3. 3. Alternative Terms and ConditionsAlternative Terms and Conditions [46.03.462(e)]-Best Management [46.03.462(e)]-Best Management Practices (BMP)Practices (BMP)
• The BMP plan option became available through amendments to The BMP plan option became available through amendments to the CPVEC program law in 2004 (House Bill 522)the CPVEC program law in 2004 (House Bill 522)
• Best Management Practices PlanBest Management Practices Plan
• Small ship owners or operators can apply for alternative Small ship owners or operators can apply for alternative terms and conditions by operating under a Department-terms and conditions by operating under a Department-approved BMP planapproved BMP plan
• The idea of the BMP plan is to protect the environment to the The idea of the BMP plan is to protect the environment to the maximum extent possible under a plan that is enforceable.maximum extent possible under a plan that is enforceable.
Alternative Terms and Conditions- Best Alternative Terms and Conditions- Best Management Practices Option RequirementsManagement Practices Option Requirements
Owner or operator must submit:Owner or operator must submit:1.1. An ADEC form that includes: An ADEC form that includes:
• vessel namevessel name
• contact informationcontact information
• date the vessel keel was laid.date the vessel keel was laid.
2.2. Certification that the vessel can’t practically comply with Certification that the vessel can’t practically comply with standard terms and conditionsstandard terms and conditions
3.3. A BMP PlanA BMP Plan
BMPBMP
A BMP must include a plan that protects the environment to A BMP must include a plan that protects the environment to the maximum extent possiblethe maximum extent possible
Common BMP practices:Common BMP practices:
•Limiting wastewater discharges while the vessel is stationary Limiting wastewater discharges while the vessel is stationary or in port. (i.e. holding water in port).or in port. (i.e. holding water in port).
•Discharge only while vessel > one nautical mile from shore Discharge only while vessel > one nautical mile from shore and traveling at a speed > 6 knots.and traveling at a speed > 6 knots.
•Vessels that can’t hold water:Vessels that can’t hold water:
• can minimize gray water production by limiting usage can minimize gray water production by limiting usage of washers, dishwashers, etc. while in port.of washers, dishwashers, etc. while in port.
•Train crew to limit their usage of water while in port.Train crew to limit their usage of water while in port.
CPVEC Sampling Program
• Applies to vessels discharging in AK waters (<3 Nautical miles from shore and includes Inside Passage and Prince William Sound)
• Twice per season• QAQC Plan
– ADEC/USCG– 3rd party sampling– QA blind, duplicates, audits
Wastewater NOVs(Notice of Violation)
• None issued in 2001 or 2003.• 2002-one issued to Holland America
Line - Ryndam August 2002 • 2004- one issued to New World Ship
Management-Yorktown Clipper• 2005- one issued to American West
Steamboat Co- Empress of the North• Used GIS to check 2001 discharge
locations. • Presently either ship discharges
“continuously” or outside State jurisdiction.
235 250
308 298266
145
15 11 1 2 1 20
100
200
300
400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
# ReadingsNOV
Marine Vessel Visible EmissionsMarine Vessel Visible Emissions
not new with 2001 legislation!!not new with 2001 legislation!!
Air Emission from Cruise Ships
• The CPVEC program monitors emission from cruise ships and ferries. Since the summer of 2000, 250 opacity readings per year has been the target for large cruise ships in Southeast and Southcentral Alaska.
• Ambient air quality was monitored in downtown Juneau in 2000 and 2001. Pollutant levels were found to be far below federal and state health based standards.
Science Advisory PanelScience Advisory Panel
•Created in January 2001. Group of voluntary, Created in January 2001. Group of voluntary, independent scientists and engineers who study impacts of independent scientists and engineers who study impacts of cruise ship wastewater.cruise ship wastewater.
•Authored “Impact of Cruise Ship Wastewater Discharge Authored “Impact of Cruise Ship Wastewater Discharge on Alaska Waters” in November 2002.on Alaska Waters” in November 2002.
Panel Recommendations
• Improved sampling and additional audits of passenger vessels.
• Determine water movement and exchange.• Continued evaluation of small passenger
vessels.• Policies to encourage small cruise ships to
discharge wastewater while underway.• Policies to prevent over-chlorination.
Science Panel Recommendation to Protect Sensitive Areas
• Avoid stationary discharges• No discharge within 0.5 nautical miles of
shellfish beds• Ships pose no more risk than Alaska
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
More Science Panel Findings
• Bacteria, Nutrients and Sediments from large ships do NOT pose a threat due to dilution and advanced treatment systems.
Additional Studiesall available on State of Alaska, DEC website
http://www.state.ak.us/dec/water/index.htm
• Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing
• Small ship risk screen and modeling
• Report to Governor January 26, 2004
• Science Panel’s work (Report available online available online http://www.state.ak.us/dec/water/http://www.state.ak.us/dec/water/cruise_ships/pdfs/impactofcruiseship.pdf)cruise_ships/pdfs/impactofcruiseship.pdf)
Large Ship Risk Characterization
• The wastewater samples indicate that hazardous chemicals are not being discharged through these wastewater systems.
• Large ship effluents met all Alaska Water Quality (WQ) Standards in the receiving water during underway discharge for pollutants tested in 2003. Some ships exceeded fecal coliform standard in in 2000-2002.
•Large ship effluents met all Alaska Water Quality Standards in the receiving water during stationary discharge for pollutants tested in 2003 using advance systems. In 2000-2002, Large ships did not meet water quality standards for free chlorine, fecal coliform and copper in the receiving water during stationary discharge.
•Large ships using functioning advance systems do not pose a risk to human health in areas where aquatic life is harvested for raw consumption.
Small Ship Risk Characterization
• The wastewater samples indicate that hazardous chemicals are not being discharged through these wastewater systems.
• Small ship wastewater may not meet Alaska Water Quality Standards for free chlorine, fecal coliform, copper, and zinc in receiving water during stationary discharge.
• During stationary discharge, small ship effluent may pose a risk to human health in areas where aquatic life is harvested for raw consumption due to the high concentration of fecal coliform.
Comparing Passenger Vessel Dischargers to other Sources
units are per 100 ml
Large cruise ship 20 fecal coliform
Juneau-Douglas 200 fecal coliform
Ketchikan 1,000,000 fecal coliform
Sitka 1,000,000 fecal coliform
Skagway 1,000,000 fecal coliform
ConclusionConclusion
• ADEC expects that only large cruise ships with advanced wastewater treatment systems will discharge wastewater in Alaska in the future.
• Whole Effluent Toxicity test results and a comparison of sample results with Alaska Water Quality Standards indicate that the effluent from these advanced systems is not expected to cause toxicity to the marine environment.
• The wastewater samples indicate that hazardous materials are not being discharged through these wastewater treatment systems.
• No human health risk is posed by the low concentration of tested pollutants found in advance system wastewater samples.