Safety Guidelines Passenger Non Passenger Vessels
description
Transcript of Safety Guidelines Passenger Non Passenger Vessels
Saf
ety
Guid
elin
es
PASSENGER AND NON-PASSENGER VESSELS
Part One: Specific identified hazardS
1 emergency procedureS and equipment1.1 Generalpreventionstrategies 11.2 Musterstations 21.3 Emergencytraining 41.4 Fireonboard 61.5 Manoverboard 71.6 Firstaid 81.7 Flooding 101.8 Abandonship 111.9 Emergencycontacts 131.10 Operatingwithhelicopters 14
2 fire prevention and fire Safety2.1 Firepreventionandfiresafety 152.2 Generalfireprevention 162.3 Firedrills 182.4 Firefighting 192.5 Firefightingequipment 222.6 Firedetectionequipment 26
3 Safety in veSSelS3.1 Generalsafety 273.2 Personalprotectiveequipment
andappropriateclothing 293.3 Machineguards 303.4 Isolationprocedures 313.5 Hazardoussubstances
(dangerousgoods) 323.6 Liftinggear 333.7 Portableelectrictools 343.8 Workingdecksurfaces 353.9 Ventilation 363.10 Lighting 373.11 Ropesandmooringlines 383.12 Boardinganddisembarking 393.13 Keepingthevesselwatertight 403.14 Escaperoutes 413.15 Machinerystops 423.16 Fuellingsafety 433.17 Generaltraining 443.18 Tripplanning/pre-sailingchecklist 46
contentS
4 Watchkeeping4.1 Organisingthenavigationalwatch 494.2 Dutiesandresponsibilities 504.3 Navigationalequipment 524.4 Fitnessforduty 54
5 Safety in machinery SpaceS5.1 Refrigerationsystems 555.2 Compressedairsystems 575.3 Gascylindersandinstallations 585.4 Electricalsystems 595.5 Hydraulicsystems 615.6 Hotwork 62
6 Weather/Sea conditionS6.1 Weatherconditions 636.2 Extremeseaconditions 656.3 Fog 666.4 Barcrossing 67
7 human factorS7.1 Fatigue 697.2 Stress 727.3 Alcoholandotherdrugs 757.4 Hostresponsibilities 77
Part Two: Specific veSSel operationS
8 roll on/roll off (ro-ro) ferrieS 81
9 high-Speed paSSenger veSSelS 83
10 paSSenger ferrieS 85
11 Bare Boat/hire and drive veSSelS 87
Part Three: general information on health and Safety
12 dutieS and reSponSiBilitieS 8912.1 Employer/vesselowner
(personwhopaysthewages) 9012.2 Skipper(personwhocontrols
theplaceofwork) 9112.3 Crew(peoplewhoarepaidwages) 9212.4 Self-employed 9312.5 Principal(personwhohiresself-
employedpeople(skipperorowner))9412.6 Otherpeoplewhovisittheworkplace
inthecourseoftheirwork (egobservers,complianceofficials, contractors) 95
13 managing health and Safety13.1 Relevantlegislation 9713.2 Developingahealthandsafety
policy 9813.3 Providinginformation 9913.4 Selectionandplacementofcrew 10013.5 Training 10113.6 Inductionforvisitorsandothers 10213.7 Employeeparticipationinhealth
andsafety 10313.8 Peoplewhoarenotemployees 10413.9 Systemauditing 105
14 hazard management14.1 Whatisahazard? 10714.2 Whendoesahazardbecome
significant? 10814.3 Hazardidentification 10914.4 Hazardassessmentand
management 11014.5 Whatdoes“allpracticablesteps’’
mean? 11114.6 Significanthazardmanagement
worksheet 112
Thismanualhasbeenputtogetherbyoperatorsofcommercialpassengerandnon-passengervesselstoprovideguidelinesonthesafeoperationofthesetypesofvessels.ThismanualwouldnothavebeenpossiblewereitnotfortheearlierachievementsofFishSAFEinproducingtheSafety guidelines for small commercial fishing vessels,whichthismanualisbasedon.IfyouareinvolvedincommercialfishingyoushouldrefertotheSafety guidelines for small commercial fishing vessels,ratherthantheinformationcontainedhere.SpecialmentionmustalsogotothecontributionmadebytheMarineTransportAssociationinprovidingtheexpertknowledgeandvessel-specificmaterialcontainedwithinthismanual.
Everyoneworkingonboardisencouragedtoregularlyrefertothismanual.Itisintendedtohelpyouputinplacetraining,practices,andproceduresthatensureyouoperatesafelyandreducelossesduetoinjury,accidents,orincidents.Theinformationintheseguidelinesisbasedonpracticalexperienceandhard-earnedknowledgefrompastaccidentsandincidents.Theguidelinesofferinformationanda“bestpractice”approachtothenormalhazardsanddangersfoundonsmallpassengerandnon-passengervessels.Itisacknowledgedthateverypassengerandnon-passengervesselhascommercialoperationsthatareunique,sotherearenoeasy“onesizefitsall”answerstosafetyissues.Theintentionisforowners,skippersandcrewtousethismaterialasastartingpointandguidewhenconsideringhowtomakesurethattheprocesses,proceduresandgeneraloperationoftheirvesselarebothsafeandefficient.
Theguidelines,whilenotlegislative,areaneffectivewayofputtinginductionandtrainingprocessesintoplace.Theywillhelpowners,skippersandcrewtomeettheirlegalobligationsundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992andMaritimeRules(particularlySafeShipManagement).
Theguidelinesdonotcontainalltheanswerstoeveryhazardordanger.Likewise,itmaybethatthesolutionsortechniquestheyofferdonotapplytoyourvesseloroperationforpracticaloreconomicreasons.Inthesecases,itishopedthattheguidelineswillprovidetheframeworkandapproachthatwillenableyoutoputyourownuniquesolutionsintoplace.
Theguidelinesaredesignedtobeanevolvingdocument.Theywillbeupdatedandamendedinthefuture.IfyouhaveanyquestionsorfeedbackontheguidelinescontacttheManager,SafetyManagementSystems,MaritimeNewZealand.
INTRODUCTION
SPECIFIC IDENTIFIED HAZARDS
Par
t One
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT
1EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT
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Thissectiondetailstheemergencyproceduresandequipmentthatshouldbeoneveryvessel.Italsocoverswhatyoucandotopreventemergencies:
• ifthereisafireonboard
• whensomeonefallsoverboard
• whensomeoneisinjuredonboard
• ifthereisafloodonboard
• ifyouhavetoabandonship
• ifyouhavetomakeaMAYDAYcall.
Regularemergencydrillsensureallcrewmembersknowwhattodoifsomethinggoeswrong.
preventing emergenciesManyaccidentsandinjuriescanbeavoided,ortheireffectsreduced,throughtheknowledgeandtrainingofthevessel’smanagementandcrew.
Everyoneshoulddowhattheycantokeepthevesselingoodworkingcondition.Thismeans:
• keepthingstidyonandbelowdeck
• knowwhereitemsshouldbestoredandkeepthemthere
• securelooseitems
• makesuresafetygeariseasytogetto,andthatitisregularlycheckedandmaintained
• reportanyproblemsorgeardefectstotheskipper.
tipS for SkipperS
insist on safe working standards at all times.• Alwaysdiscusssafetymatterswithyourcrew.Formalsafetycommitteesareonlycompulsory
wherethereare30ormoreemployees.Goodcommunicationonsafetymatterskeepseveryoneinformed.
• Everycrewmembershouldbeencouragedtogivefeedbackandreportdefects.
• Completepre-sailingsafetycheckseverytimeyousail.
• FollowtheSafeShipManagement(SSM)programmeonboard.
• Encourageyourcrewtoattendfirstaid,firefighting,survivalandemergencytraining.
• Conductregularsafetyexercisesanddiscussionswhileatsea.
legal requirementS
• MaritimeRulesPart23lists“Operatingproceduresandtrainingdesignedtocopewithemergencysituationsorpreventsuchsituationsoccurring”.
• TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct)requires“everyemployertotakeallpracticalstepstoensurethesafetyofemployeeswhileatwork”.
• TheHSEActalsorequires“allemployeestoparticipateinprocessesrelatingtohealthandsafety”.
1.1 GENERALPREVENTION STRATEGIES
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1.2 MUSTER STATIONS
Musterstationandmusterlistaretermstypicallyusedbylargervessels.However,theyarestillrelevanttosmallervessels.
Amusterstationisanassemblypointthateverycrewmemberknowstogotoonhearingthevessel’semergencyalarm.Atthemusterstation/sdetailsaregiventocrewandpassengersonthetypeofemergency.Crewarealsogiveninstructionsonwhattasksarerequiredofthem.Themusterstationonasmallpassengerornon-passengervesselisnormallyin,orbehind,thewheelhouse.
Amusterlistisalistthatdetailswhatdutieseachcrewmemberhasintheeventofanemergency.Thisshouldbedisplayedinaprominentpositiononyourvesselwherethecrewwillseeitoften.Anexamplemusterlistisshownonthefollowingpage.
everyone should know and follow the muster procedures.
tipS for SkipperS
essentials• Placeyourmusterlistinaprominentpositiononthevessel.Refertothelegalsectionbelowfor
maritimerulerequirements.
keep your crew “up to speed” by:• havingdrillswhenleastexpected
• changingcrewemergencydutiesaroundbetweentripssotheybecomefamiliarwithallduties,andtheygetintothehabitofregularlycheckingthemusterlist
• puttingacopyofthemusterlistinplaceswherecrewwillreadit,egthemessorthebackofthetoiletdoor
• alwaysinitiatinganydrillwiththeactualalarm.
legal requirementS
• Allvesselsshouldhaveamusterlist.RefertoMaritimeRulesPart23fordetailsofwhichpassengerandnon-passengershipsarerequiredtohaveamusterlist.
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eXample:Musterlistforsmallpassengerornon-passengervessel.
muSter Station liSt(EmergencyDutyList)
muSter pointWhenthegeneralalarmissoundedallcrewmusterbehindthewheelhousenexttolifejacketstowage.
aBandon ShipThisorderwillonlybegivenbytheskipper.
crew proceed to duty
Skipper Wheelhouse Senddistresssignals
Mate Wheelhouse CollectEPIRBonwaytoliferaft
Deckhand Wheelhouse CollectflaresandVHFradiofromwheelhouseonwaytoliferaft
fire on Board
crew proceed to duty
Skipper Wheelhouse Startfire/deckpumpStartsendingdistressmessagesifrequired
Mate Wheelhouse Fightfirewithextinguishers
Deckhand Wheelhouse Shutventilation,closeventsandpreparetoboundarycool
colliSion
crew proceed to duty
Skipper Wheelhouse Monitorandcontrol
Mate Wheelhouse Startbilgepumps
Deckhand Wheelhouse Closeallwatertightopenings
man overBoard Allcrewmusterbehindwheelhouse(keepinganeyeonpersoninwater).
creW nameS for trip
crew proceed to duty
Skipper JackHook Wheelhouseportside
Mate BobUpdown Forwardcabinportbunk
Deckhand FredStone Forwardcabinstarboardbunk
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1.3 EMERGENCYTRAINING
Thecrewaretheonlypeoplewhocandealwithanemergencyatsea.Asemergenciesdonotoccuroften,regulartrainingisessential.Thiswillmeanyourcrewcanrespondquicklyandeffectivelywhenneeded.Emergencytrainingispractisingsafetydrillsonboardthevesselwhileitisatsea.
Ideallytrainingshouldbedoneatanytimeandwhileatsea.
Regulartraining,orpractising,developsfamiliarityandfamiliaritysavestime.Inanemergencyyoudon’thavetimetothink.
tipS for SkipperS
essentials• Developanduseatrainingexerciseprogrammeforyourvesselandcrew.
• Practisealldrillsregularlyandoften–eventhesimpleones.
• Conductbasicmusterstationandmanoverboarddrillsattheearliestopportunityafterleavingport,especiallyifnewcrewmembersareonboard.
• Keeparecordofalltrainingandexercisesundertaken.Anexamplerecordisshownonthenextpage.YourSSMmanualmayhavesimilarrecordforms.
extras• Neverassumeeveryoneremembersoralreadyknowswhattodoinanemergency.
• Conductexercisesforalltypesofemergencies.Holdtheseindifferentareasofthevesseleachtime.
• Explaintheuseoftheemergencygearusedduringeachexercise.
• Neverletyourcrewtalkyououtofdoinganexercise.Yestheyhavedonethembefore,yestheycanbeboring,buttheymustbedone.
• Don’tassumethatbecauseyouonlyhaveaverysmallcrewyoudon’tneedtoworry.Ifanemergencyoccurs,youwillhavelesspeopletorelyon.
• Usetrainingexercisestocheckyourequipment.Operatehydrantvalvestoensurethey’renotseized.Checkhosesaren’tperished.Checkextinguishersareindate.
• Workthrough“whatif”scenarioswithyourcrewafteranexercise.Informalmeetingsareoftenthebestwayonboardsmallervessels.
legal requirementS
• UndertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992section13regulations,employersmustensurestaffareadequatelytrainedandreceiveadequatesupervision.
• MaritimeRulesPart23requirestheskippertoensurethecrewarefamiliarwithafiredrillandanabandonshipdrill.Therulealsorequirestheskipperofthevesseltoensurecrewarefamiliarwiththeirdutiesandtheuseofemergencyequipment.
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eXample:
training and eXerciSe recordJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Fireinengineroom. J.B. 4/1
Fireingalley/mess. Pete 23/2
Fireinsteeringcompartment.
J.B. 1/3
Manoverboard.Recoverfromvessel.
J.B. 9/1
Manoverboard.Recoverbyrescuevessel.
Pete 20/2
Musterstationsandabandonship.
J.B. 1/1
KeepatrainingrecordliketheoneaboveinyourSSMmanual.Ifyoumaketheefforttodotheexercises,itjusttakesafractionmoretimetoinitialanddatetherecord.
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1.4 FIREONBOARD
Fireonboardavesselatsea(oralongside)isextremelyserious.Firecanspreadquicklyandsmokebecomesveryintenseveryquickly.Thismakesfirefightingharder.Firescanstartanywhereonavessel.Theymostoftenstartinthegalleyorintheengineroom.
action points!
1. Raisealarm!ShoutFIREand/orsoundthealarm.
2. Attempttoputoutthefireusingaportablefireextinguisher.
3. Stopallventilation.Turnofffans.
if unsuccessful:4. Getoutandcloseupthecompartment.
5. Shutoffallpowerandfuelsuppliestocompartmentonfire(ifpossible).
6. Activatefixedfireextinguishingsystem(iffitted).
7. Closeallopenings,doorsandventstothecompartment.Keepaneyeoutforsmokeescaping.Blockholessothefireisstarvedofoxygen.
8. Protectliferaftsfromthefire.
9. Dampenhotspotsonexternalbulkheads(ifapplicable)andonthedeckabovethecompartmentonfiretostopitspreading.Usewatersparinglytoavoidstabilityproblemsduetofreesurfacewater.
10.Preparetoabandonship.
noteSeeSection2formoredetailabouthowtofightfiresonboard.
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1.5 MANOVERBOARD
Acrewmembercanfallintotheseaatanytimewhileworkingondeck–notonlyduringroughweather.
Thepersonenteringthewatermayhavebeenunconsciouswhentheyfellin,andmightnotbeabletokeeptheirheadabovethewater.Iftheyarenotwearingafloatationaid,theymaysinkquickly.
it is important to recover the perSon aS faSt aS you can.
action points!
if you hear or see someone fall overboard:• Immediatelythrowafloatationdeviceintothewater.Thebestthingtouseisalifering.Ifyoudonot
havealiferingusealifejacketoranythingelsethatwillassistthepersontostayafloat.Atnight,throwinalightorreflectiveitemaswell.
• Raisealarm!ShoutMANOVERBOARD.
• Keeppointingatthepersoninthewater.
• Keepaneyeonthefloatationdeviceandthepersoninthewater.Guidethewheelhousebacktothemwithouttakingyoureyesoffthem.
• Carefullymanoeuvrethevesselalongside(upwind)oftheperson.
• Recoverthepersonbeingcarefulnottobepulledintothewateryourself.
• Makethepersonwarm,andconductCPRimmediately(ifrequired).
• Radioforassistance(ifrequired).
if someone is missing• Markyourpositionandstartretracingyourtrack.
• RaiseMAYDAYcallimmediatelysoothervesselsintheareacanassist.
good practices
• Alwayswearapersonalfloatationdevicewheneverworkingontheweatherdeck–notjustinbadweather.
• Ensureliferingsandothersafetydevicesareeasytogettoatalltimes.
• Ifyouaretheonlyoneondeckconsiderwearingasafetyline.
tipS for SkipperS
• Conductregularexercisesbythrowingsomethingintothewatertorecover.
• Makesureatleasttwocrewmembersknowhowtomanoeuvrethevessel.Itmaybeyouinthewater.
• Positionliferingsnearthemainworkareasandnearthewheelhouse.
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1.6 FIRSTAID
Firstaidistheassistancegivenwhenapersonbecomesillorinjured.Oftenavesselisdaysfromshoreorhoursfromreceivinghelpsoitisuptothecrewtoconductfirstaid.Thisoftenresultsinsavingthelifeofaninjuredcrewmember.
Keepyourfirstaidkitwellmaintainedandorganisedinadrylocation.
Keepcommon-useitems(band-aidsandhangovercures)separatesothefirstaidboxdoesnotgetdisturbed.
action points!
raise alarm!
PATIENTUNCONSCIOUS
1. Securethescene.
2. Makesureitissafeforyoutoassistthevictim.
3. Conducta, B, c!A. Turnthepatientonhis/hersideandclearairway.
B. CheckthatthepatientisBreathingandconductrescuebreathing(ifrequired).
C. Checkcirculation(checkcarotidpulse–takenolongerthan10seconds)andconductCPR(ifrequired).
PATIENTBADLYCUT
1. Stemflowofbloodbywrappingwithacleanbandageormaterial.
2. Ifanamputationhasoccurred,collectseveredsectioninacleanplasticbagandplace“onice”.
3. Treatpatientforshock.
PATIENTBURNT
1. Immerseburntpartofbodyincold,freshwater.
2. Keepimmersedincoldwaterforatleast20minutes.
3. Donotputanymedicationonburns.
4. Wrapinsterilebandage.
5. Treatpatientforshock.
HYPOTHERMIA
Ifapatienthasbeeninthewatertheycouldbeatriskofhypothermia.Treatthembydoingthefollowing:
1. Movethepatientintoashelteredposition.
2. Removewetclothingandputdryclothesorblanketsonthepatient.
3. Makethepatientwarmandthenstabilisehis/hertemperature.
4. Givewarmorhigh-energyfood.
SHOCK
Ifapatienthassufferedamoderateormajorinjurytheywillsufferfromshock.Treatthepatientbydoingthefollowing:
1. Liethepatientontheirbackandraisetheirfeetslightlyhigherthantheirhead.
2. Staywiththepatientandkeepreassuringhim/her.
3. Maintaintheirbodytemperaturebykeepingthepatientwarm.Donotoverheat.
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adult cardio pulmonary reSuScitation (cpr)
Checkforanydanger–ifdanger,movethecasualtytosafety.
Establishresponsiveness–shoutatthecasualtyandpinchtheearlobeshard.
Callforhelp.
Ifnoresponse:Checkairway,Breathingandcirculation
IFNOSIGNSOFLIFEANDINADEqUATEORNOBREATHINGSTARTCPR.
1. airway• OpentheairwayusingHeadTilt/ChinLift.
• Checkforanyobstruction,iffoundremovebyfingersweeping.
2. check for Breathing• Getdownclose.Look,ListenandFeelforBreathing.
• Ifbreathingisabsentorinadequate–startCPR.
• Locatethecentreofthechest,placethepalmofthehandonthelowerhalfofthesternum,linkthefingersandcompressdown5cm.
• Compress30timesatarateof100compressionsperminute.
• Give2normalbreaths,eachbreathofa1secondperiod(wherepossibleuseaCPRFaceShield).
3. continue cpr at a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths until:• casualtyrecovers
• highermedicalaidarrives,or
• youaretoldtostop.
EveryfewminutesrechecktheABCs,pulse;ifnochangecontinueCPR.
Medicalassistanceisavailablevia2182khzoronVHFChannel16.
legal requirementS
• MaritimeRulesPart32requireseveryLLOandILMcertificateapplicanttoholdavalidfirstaidcertificate.
• YoumustreportallaccidentsandincidentstoMaritimeNewZealand.Refersection31oftheMaritimeTransportAct1994.
• Allvesselsmusthaveafirstaidkitonboard.Thesizedependsonthesizeofvesselandoperatingarea.ReferMaritimeRulesPart50.
• AllvesselsmusthaveacopyofaSt Johnor Red Cross First Aid Manualonboard.ReferMaritimeRulesPart50.
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1.7 FLOODING
Floodscanoccurthrough:
• acollision
• structuralfailure
• abrokenservice(cooling)pipe
• adamagedhullfittingorgland.
Floodingcanaffectthestabilityofyourvessel.Youneedtowatchoutforaccumulationofwaterandunderstandthefreesurfaceeffectofloosewater.
free surface effectWhenacompartmenthaswaterinit,thatwaterisfreeto“sloparound”.Thesurfaceofthewateriscalleda“freesurface”.Whenthiswatermovestooneside,theweightofitmovingwillcausethevesseltoheelover.Thesameeffectoccurswhencargoorpassengersareallowedtomovefromonesideofthevesseltotheother.
action points!
1. Raisealarm!
2. Startpumps.
3. Ifyouarethewheelhousewatchkeeper,sendaradiomessagetonearbyvesselsorashore.Only afteryouhavedonethis,gotoassist.Thingsmaydeterioratequicklyonceyouareassistingandyoumaynotgetanotherchancetogetamessageoff.
4. Turnvesseltowardsshallowerwaterorport.Considerbeachingthevessel.
5. Attempttostemtheflowofwaterbyshuttingvalves,orblockingthehole.
6. Ifpumpsareoutofaction,getoutandclosecompartment.
7. Reducethefreesurfaceeffectbymakingsureallwaterorfueltanksnotinusearepressedupfullorcompletelyemptywheneverpossible.
8. Makesureallfreeingportsareclearofobstructiontoallowanycollectedwaterondecktobedrainedquickly.
9. Lookforholesthatallowwaterorfueltoleakintoadjoiningcompartments.
10.Considerthestabilityaffectsofafloodedcompartment.Thevesselmayheelovertoonesidebecauseofthis.Youmayneedtotransferfuelorcounterfloodanothercompartmenttogetthedamagedpartofthehulloutofwater.
11. Preparetoabandonship.Remainonthevesselforaslongasitissafetodoso.
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1.8 ABANDONSHIP
Anemergencysituationmaybesobadthatitisnecessarytoabandonthevesselinordertosavelives.Itisoftenadifficultdecisionthatshouldnotbemadetooearlyorlefttoolate.
Someonewhogetsintotheliferaftrelativelydry,withwarmclothing,food,andwater,hasagreaterchanceofsurvival.Ifyouaredealingwithanemergency(fireorflooding)anditseemslikelythatyouwillhavetoabandonship,theskippershoulddispatchonecrewmembertopreparetolaunchtheraftandgatherfood,water,clothingandotherthingsyouneed.
Theorderforabandonshipmust only begivenbytheskipperonceitisclearthatcontinuedpresenceonthevesselwillbearisktohumanlife.
action points!
if there is time:• RadioaMAYDAYcallgivingthevessel’sposition.
• Collectaportableradio.
• Collectwarmclothingandblankets.
• ActivateEPIRB(emergencypositionindicatingradiobeacon)ifpossible,andtiethistotheraftortoyourperson.
• Collectfoodandwater.
• Collectextraflares.
• Launchtheliferaftandusethepainterlinetoinflatetheraft,andpullittothesideofthevessel.
once everyone is in the raft get it clear of the vessel:• Trytostayasdryasyoucanwhenyougetintotheraft.Thishelpspreventtheonsetofhypothermia.
• Ifunabletogetintotheraftdry,squeezethewateroutofyourclothingandbailoutasmuchwaterassoonasyoucan.
once the raft has been cleared of as much water as possible: • Closeallliferaftopeningstoreducechill.
• Streamtheseaanchortokeeptheraftinthevicinityofthelastknownpositionofthevessel.
• Ifthevesselisstillafloat,keepclearincaseittipsoveroramastfalls.
• Erectreflectorsheets(iffitted).
• Takeseasicknesstablets(ifrequired).
if there is no time to launch a liferaft:• Swimclearofthevessel.
• Onceyouareclearofvesselconserveenergy.
• Keeptalkingtoeachotherandhuddletogetherinthewater.refer illustration 4. Thiswillmaximisebodywarmthandmakeabiggerobjectforsearcherstofind.
• Ifyouarealone,pullyourkneesuptoyourchest,intothesurvivalposition.refer illustration 3. • Watchoutfortheliferaftorotherfloatingobjectsemergingfromthewater.
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tipS for SkipperS
essentials:• Maritimerulesrequireallvesselstoconductanabandonshipdrillonceamonth.
extras• Makesureliferaftsarestowedproperly.Thepainterlinemustbesecuredtothevessel(viaaweak
link)sotheraftstayscloseuntilsurvivorsboardit.
• MakesureEPIRBsarestowedproperlysotheyfloatfreeoncethehydrostaticreleasemechanismhasactivated.
• Keepyourliferaftsandallhydrostaticreleasemechanismsservicedandingoodcondition.
• Ensurethecrewknowhowtoup-rightaliferaft.refer illustrations 1 and 2. Displaypostersaroundvessel(ifpossible).
• Encouragecrewtodoasurvivalcourse.
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1.9 EMERGENCYCONTACTS
maritime nz 24-hour emergency number: 0508 472 269 or alternatively 111
Thisnoticeshouldbedisplayednexttothevessel’sVHFradio.CopiesareavailablebycontactingMaritimeNewZealandon0508225522.
MakingaMAYDAYcallwiththisinformationinitiatesaresponsefromtheRescueCoordinationCentreNZ(RCCNZ).
RCCNZwillco-ordinatetheorganisationsrequiredtosendyouassistance.
YoushouldalsoknowthelocalfrequenciesoftheNZCoastguard.Theseareavailablefromyourlocalcoastguardorontheirwebsite:www.nzcoastguard.org.nz.
eXample:Theexamplebelowshowshowcoastguardfrequenciescouldbedisplayed.
coastguard base location frequencies available on
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1.10 OPERATINGWITH HELICOPTERS
Operatingahelicopterovervesselspresentsanumberofproblemsforthehelicopterpilot.Rescueoperationsareoftenconductedinpoorweatherandareextremelydangerous.
When transferring to a helicopter:• Selectthepositionwherethetransferistotakeplace,iethepositionwhereaninjuredpersonistobe
winchedup.Thismaynotnecessarilybethelargestdeckareabutwillbethebestlocationtoallowthehelicopterandwinchtokeepclearofhighobstructions(iemasts,gantries,derricksetc).
• Clearthedeckofanyloosepiecesofdebrisorequipmentthatmaybesuckedupintothehelicopter’sengine.
• Onsightingthehelicopter,setasmokeflaretohighlightyourlocationandindicatethewinddirectiontothepilot.
• Thecrewondeckshouldbedressedasbrightlyaspossible,andshouldstayoutofthewayuntilthehelicopterisinposition.
• Maintainradiocommunicationwiththehelicopterthroughouttheoperation.
• Neverattachanythingtothehelicopterbeforethepilotgivesapprovaltodoso.
• Rememberthepilotmaynotbeabletoseetheload,sotheymayneedsomeguidance.
• Iftherescueisatnight,thepilotwillbeaccustomedtothedarknesssoavoidturningonverybrightlighting.
• Knowthesignalstocommunicatewiththehelicopterpilotfromthedeck.
• Ensurethestaticonthehelicopterisearthedbeforeyoutouchtherescuewireloweredfromthehelicopter.Howdoyoudothis?Isitcommonknowledge?
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FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE SAFETY
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2.1 FIREPREVENTIONAND FIRESAFETY
Fireisverydangerousforvesselsatsea.Mostvesselscarryanduseanumberofhighlyflammableitemsonboard.Onceafirestarts,itcanbeveryhardtoputout.Youwillneedtodoeverythingyoucantokeepyourvesselafloatandseaworthy.
this section covers:• Whatcausesfires.
• Howtopreventfiresfromstarting.
• Howtofightfiressafelyandeffectively.
Everyvesselshouldhaveregularfiredrills.Regulardrillsmeaneveryoneknowswhattodo.
important points for all crew: • Knowandlookoutforfirerisks.
• Knowwhatfireequipmentisheldonboard.
• Knowwhereallfirefightingequipmentisheldonboard.
• Knowhowandwhentouseallthefightingequipment.
• Knowhowtocontainafireonboard.
• Knowtheaffectsoffirefightingwateronthestabilityofthevessel.
• Knowyourroleinfightingafireonboard.
flammable hazardsAflammablehazardisanythingthatcouldigniteafire,oranythingthatburnseasily.Onboardeveryvesselthereareanumberofflammablehazards.Thesecaninclude:
Thingsthatcanigniteorstartthefireare:
• heatandsparksfromelectricalswitches,motors,toolsorleads
• cookerflames
• sparksfromgrindingandwelding
• generators
• cigarettes,matchesorlighters.
Thingsthatcangivethefirefueltoburnare:
• dieselfuel
• gas
• cleaningchemicals
• ragswithoilorchemicalsonthem
• hydraulicoil.
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2.2 GENERALFIREPREVENTION
the two main things everyone can do on board a vessel to prevent fires are to:• keepthevesseltidy
• identifyfirerisksduringnormalday-to-dayoperationofthevessel.
Somespecificflammablehazardsarelistedbelow.Theremaybeotherfirerisksthatarenotonthislist.Considerwhatelseyoucandotopreventfires.
diesel and petrol fuel and lubricating oils• Ensurenoonesmokesonboardthevesselwhentakingonfuel.
• Makesureallleaksinpipelines,fittingsandenginesarerepairedimmediately.
• Storeallflammableproductsseparatelyandtidily.
hydraulic oil• Makesureallleaksinpipelinesandfittingsarerepairedassoonaspossible.
• Regularlycheckhosesfordeterioration.
lp gas• Gasbottlesmustbeinstalledontheexposedweatherdeck.Saltairandwaterwillcorrodethe
bottles.Keepthemcoveredandensurethereisgoodventilationtopreventfumesbuildingup.
• Ensurebottlesarestowedwheretheyareleastlikelytobedamaged.
• Regularlycheckhosesandfittingsfordeterioration.
• Installasimplegasdetector/alarm.
cooking fryers, elements and oilsFiresoftenstartinthegalley.
• Installtimedswitchesongalleyequipmentsoitwillturnoffifleftunattended.
• Ensureasmokedetectorisfitted.
• Makesuregasbottlesarelockedshutwhenleavingthevessel.
electrical switchboards and connectionsOnmostvessels,thereisarangeofcontrolboxes,switchesandsocketsinareasexposedtophysicaldamage.
• Ensuretheflame-proofandwater-proofenclosuresarekeptinexcellentphysicalcondition.
• Regularlycheckthatcontactsandconnectionsinsidearestilltight.Rememberavesseliscontinuallyvibrating,soconnectionsdocomeloose,whichcancreateahotspot.
electric motors and generatorsTheseareofteninareaswheretheyareexposedtofumesanddust.Thefumesanddustcangetintotheventsofthemachine.Sparksfromtheelectricscanignitefumesordust.
• Haveaqualifiedpersonregularlychecktheventsandremovegrillstomakesuretheinternalsofthemachineareclean.
• Atthesametimecheckthatallconnectionsinsidearestilltight.
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portable electric tools• Ensuretools(includingleadsandextensionleads)arekeptinexcellentcondition.
• Turnpoweroffafteruse.
• Donotrunleadsacrossdeck.
Welding, grinding and gas cuttingWeldingandcuttingmaintenanceworkisregularlyrequiredonboard,andcanbeasignificantfirehazard.
Firesresultingfromthisworkrarelystartfromwheretheworkisdoneandoftendevelopsometimeaftertheworkwasdone.
• Firesfromweldingusuallystartontheothersideofthebulkheadwhenpaintorinsulationignitesorwheresparksandlosemetalfall.
• Firesfromcuttingworkhappenwhensparksflyoveranarea.Ifthesesparksfallintoanearbypileofrubbish,onanoilyrag,oronapieceofpaperafirecouldstart.
• Alwaysassignacrewmember,ormakesurethecontractorhasaworker,tochecktheoppositesidetowhereweldingworkisbeingconducted.Thisshouldbedonewhiletheworkishappeningandforsometimeaftertheweldinghasfinished.Thepersondoingitshouldusethebackoftheirhandandhaveawetragandbucketofwatertodabontoanypaintorpanelthatignites.
• Insulationontheothersideofthefacebeingweldedmustberemoved.
• Beforeallowinggrindingorcuttingworktoproceedphysicallycheckthesurroundingareas.
• Makesureafireextinguisheriscloseby.
• Ensurecontractorsreporttoyoubeforetheystartandwhentheyfinish.
• Checktheareaagainoneortwohoursafterworkiscompleted.
ragsRagsareregularlyusedtowipeupoilorfuelspillsandthentossedintoanearbycontainer.
Disposeofoilyragsinametalbinwithalidorasealedairtightbag.
chemicals• Readthedatasheetssuppliedwithchemicals.Certainchemicalscanbeextremelyvolatileifmixed
withothersubstances.
• Havechemicalssuppliedinrobustandnon-corrosivecontainers.
• Stowchemicalsinaseparatedrystowageonorimmediatelyadjacenttotheweatherdeck.
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2.3 FIREDRILLS
Firedrillsensureeveryoneknowswhattodowhenthereisafire.Talkingaboutwhattodoisimportant,butapracticaldrillgiveseveryoneachancetopractisetherequiredskills.
Firedrillsarejustasimportantforsmallvesselswithonlyoneortwocrew.Howyoucarryoutafiredrillonasmallvesselmightbedifferenttohowyouwouldonalargevessel.Forinstance,onasmallvesselyoumay“walkthrough”thedrilltogetherandtesteachother.Whateverwayyoudecidetocarryoutfiredrillsonthevessel,youmustdothemregularly.
good fire drills • Startwiththealarmyounormallyusetogetcrewtothemusterstations.Thisallowsanimmediate
checktoconfirmeveryoneisaccountedforanddoingtheirduty.
• Occurindifferentlocationsonthevesselwhereafirecouldpossiblystart.
• Haveasenseofurgency.
• Usethecorrectfirefightingequipmentatthescene.
tipS for SkipperS
• Timecrewduringthedrilltoseehowlongittakesthemtodocertaintasks.
• Checkyourdeckand/orfirehosesarelongenoughandingoodcondition.Alwaysopenatwatersupplyand/orfirehydrantvalvestokeepthemmoving.
• Makesurecrewknowhowtouseallthedifferenttypesofextinguishers,hosespray/jetnozzlesandpumpsonthevessel.
• Alwaysdebriefafterafiredrill.Thiscanbeaninformaldiscussionafterwardswhere“whatif”scenarios,aswellasdeficienciesintheday’sexercise,canbediscussed.
• Alwaysquestioncrewontheirknowledgebutalsolistentotheircommentsandsuggestions.
• Alwayslogyourexerciseinthevessellogand/oryourtrainingrecord.
• MaritimeNewZealandrecommendsyouhaveonefiredrillpermonth.
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2.4 FIREFIGHTING
Fireneedsthreecomponentstokeepburning:heat,fuelandoxygen.Itwillgooutwhenoneofthesecomponentsisremoved.
heatLand-basedfirebrigadesfighthousefiresthroughremovingtheheatbycoolingthefirewithlotsofwater.Floodingavesselatseaisnotagoodidea,asthevesselwillbecomeunstablewithfreesurfacewaterandflooding.
Hosescanstillbeusedforcoolingatsea,butshouldbeusedwithcare.
fuelFuelcanoftenbeisolated(saytoamainengine).However,thisrequirestimetotakeeffect,andthereareoftenotherflammablethingsalsoburningthatkeepthefiregoing.
oxygenAtseatheprimarymethodthathastobereliedontoputfiresoutissuffocation,orremovaloftheoxygen.Thisisdoneincombinationwithisolationoffuelsuppliesandcooling.
fire fatalities Mostpeoplewhodieinafiresuffocatefrominhalingsmokeorfiregases.Approximatelytwiceasmanypeopledieinthismannerthanthosewhoareburnt.
Vesselshaveavastrangeofmaterialsthatbecometoxicwhenburnt.Theseincludepaint,cables,mattresses,andeventhecontentsfromausedfireextinguisher.Thefumesfromsuchmaterials,aswellasthesmoke,arequicklyconcentratedwithintheconfinesofanyvessel.
Densesmokeandtoxicgasesmeanthereisnotmuchtimetofightafireonasmallervessel.
Youmustactfast.Ifthereistoomuchsmoke,trytosealthecompartmentandgetout!
putting out a fire
Onasmallvesselfiresmustbefoughtquicklybutsensibly.Youcanfightmostfiresonsmallvesselsifyoufollowthesesteps.
attempt to put out fire. raise alarm at same time. if unsuccessful:
Prevent spread by boundary cooling.
Wait for compartment to cool before re-entry.
Keep a close eye out for the fire re-flashing.
11
Stop fuel supply to fire if possible.
If a fixed fire fighting system is fitted USE IT! 6
5
3
2
4Stop oxygen supply by closing all openings to compartment.
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attempt to put out the fire1. Useahose,extinguisher,fireblanket,orsmotherthefire.SeeSection2.5onfirefightingequipment
tofindouthowtousehoses,extinguishersandfireblanketscorrectly.
2. Crouchdownlowtominimisesmokeinhalationandtoprotectyourselfincaseafireballdevelops.
3. Ifyoucan’textinguishthefire,GETOUT.
Stop the oxygen supply to the fire – close down compartmentIfyoucan’textinguishthefire,youmustactquicklytoclosethecompartment.Yourgoalisstopallairgettingtothefiresotheoxygensupplywillrunout.
Thefollowingstepsareneeded:
4. Turnoffallventilationfanstothecompartment.
5. Closealldoorsandhatchestothecompartment.
6. Closeallventilationtrunkflapstopreventairgettingthrough.
7. Lookforsmokeescapingthroughanygapsorholesinbulkheads.Usefireblanketsornon-flammablematerialtostuffintotheholes.
Ifyoustopthesmokegettingoutandairgettingin,thefireshouldsuffocaterelativelyquickly.
Stop the fuel supply to fireFuelsuppliesfortheenginesareusuallyoutsidetheengineroom.
Ifthereisafireintheengineroom,youmightneedtoisolatethefuelsupply.Thisdecisionmustbemadebytheskipper.
Whenyoushutfuelsuppliestothemainengineorauxiliaryittakessometimetowork.Itwillhaveanimpactonvesselmanoeuvrability,speed,powerandfirefightingandpumpingcapabilities.
activate fixed fire fighting systemsSomevesselsmayhaveafixedfirefightingsystemfittedinareaswherefiresoftenoccur,egtheengineroomandgalley.MostofthesesystemsareCO2(carbondioxide).Someoftheoldervesselshavesystemscalledvaporisingliquid(BCF,Halon)fitted.Theseworkbycuttingtheoxygensupplytothefire.
if there is a fire in a compartment with one of these systems fitted, uSe it.
Beforeyouoperatethesystem:
8. Makesureallventilationisstoppedandallopeningsareclosed.Thiswillkeeptheextinguishingagentinthecompartment.
9. Ensureeveryoneisoutofthecompartment.
10.Shutdownasmuchmachineryaspossible.
11.Youonlyhaveoneshotatit,sogetitrightfirsttime.
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prevent spread of fireSomevesselsarebuiltofflammablematerialssuchaswood.Closingdownawoodencompartmentmaynotstopthefirespreading.Onvesselsbuiltofsteel,rememberthatsteelconductsheatandthepaintsandliningsontheothersidecanstarttoignite.
Youmustmonitorheatinsurroundingcompartmentsand,iftheyarehot,startboundarycooling:
12.Monitortemperatureofsurroundingbulkheadswiththebackofthehand.
13.Dampendownhotspotswithdampspongeorhose.
14.Usewatersparingly.
15.Coverallsides.
16.Monitorfloodingfromboundarycoolingwaterandactivatepumpsaccordingly.
17.Don’tstopuntilwallsarecoolandyouaresatisfiedthefireisout.
re-entry into compartmentDon’tre-enterthecompartmenttoosoon.Allowittocooldownandkeepmonitoringthetemperatureofthesurroundingbulkheadsandthedeckabove.Waittwiceaslongasyouthinkisnecessary!
Whenyoudecidetoenterthroughthedoororhatchstayclearoftheopeningincasetherushofairre-ignitesthefire.
Allowsomeventilationbeforeyouenterastheremaybetoxicgaseswithinthecompartment.
Moveintothecompartmentanddampendownhotspots.Breakdownburntrubbleandensureitiscompletelycool.
re-flash watchFiresoftenre-ignite.Checkeveryhourafterafirehasbeenextinguished,untilyouaresureitwillnotre-ignite.
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2.5 FIREFIGHTINGEqUIPMENT
extinguishersMostextinguishersidentifywhattypeoffiretheyareusedfor:
• ClassA
• ClassB
• ClassC
• ClassE
• ClassF.
Makesureyouusethecorrectextinguisherforthejob.Theseareexplainedbelow:
class a class B class c class e class f
WoodPaperPlastics
Flammableandcombustibleliquids
Flammablegases Electricallyenergisedequipment
Cookingoilsandfats
foam extinguishers – class a and class B firesFoamextinguishersaregoodforfuelandoilfires.Theycanalsobeusedonwood,paperandfishbins(plastic).
Trytodirectthefoamontoaverticalsurfacebehindthefire.Thefoamthenrunsdownandsmothersthefirefrombehind.
Anotherwayistospraythefoamfromadistancesothatitdropstheliquidontothefire.
Foamismoreeffectiveonliquidfireswhentheliquid(fueloroil)iscontained.foam should not be used on electrical fires.
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dry powder extinguishers – class B, c, e and f firesDrypowderextinguishersareparticularlygoodforfuelandoilfiressuchasabilgefireinavessel’sengineroom.Thedrypowderextinguishestheflamesandisquickeractingthanfoam.Drypowderextinguishersalsodealmoreeffectivelywithlargeareasofflame.
Drypowderisnon-conductivesocanbeusedwherethereisariskofelectricshock.
Directthedrypowderinasweepingmotiontothefrontedgeoftheflames.Thenworkitbacktothefaredgeoftheflamesinasweepingmotion.
Bewareofusingdrypowderextinguishersinaconfinedspaceastheircontentsreactwiththefireandproducetoxicgases.
Note:Thedrypowdersmothersthefirebuthasnocoolingaction.Oncetheinitialfirehasbeenextinguisheditmayhavetobecooledwithwater.
carbon dioxide (co2) extinguishers – class B, c, e and f firesCO2extinguishersarealsogoodforfuelandoilfires.Carbondioxideisquickeractingthanfoam.Theseextinguishersarebetterforfiresthatmayspreadtolargerareas.
CO2extinguishersdonotleavearesidueordepositandtheywillnotdamageotherequipmentinthevicinityofthefire.
CO2canbeusedonelectricalfires.
Whenused,theCO2shouldbedirectedinasweepingmotionstartingfromthefrontedgeoftheflamesworkingitbackovertheflames.
CO2hasnocoolingaction.Oncetheinitialfirehasbeenextinguisheditmayhavetobecooledwithwater.
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vaporising liquid (Bcf, Btm, cBm) extinguishers – class B and class c firesThesearenolongersuitableforuseastheycannotbeservicedduetotherequirementsoftheOzoneLayerProtectionAct1996.Theseshouldbereplacedwithanalternativeextinguishersuitableforthemostlikelyuse.
fire blanketsThereshouldbeafireblanketonboardwhichyoucanuseonsmallfires,egacookingoilfire.Fireblanketsaremadeoffireproofmaterial.Carefullythrowtheblanketoverthefiretosmotherit.
Fireblanketsarealsogoodtowraparoundpeoplewhoareonfire.
hydrants, hoses and nozzlesMostfiresonboardvesselsinvolveliquidfuelofsomedescription.Ifyouspraywateronafuelfire,itcanspread.
Somesolidfuel(ClassA)firesdoneedtobeextinguishedwithwater.Forexample,amattresshasporousbutthickconstruction.Whenamattressisonfireanextinguisherwillputouttheflames,butthemattressneedstobesoakedwithwatertoputouttheinternalburningmaterial.
Ifyoumustuseahosemakesurethespray/jetnozzleisattached.Alwayshitthefirewithasprayratherthanajetofwater.Thiswilltendtosmothertheflamesratherthanspreadtheliquidfuel(andfire)everywhere.Itwillalsogivetheusermoreprotectionfromtheheatorfireballifonehasdeveloped.
Onsmallervessels,thedeckhoseisalsooftenusedasthefirehose.However,thenozzleisoftentakenoffthehose,whichmakesithardertouseforfirefighting.
Largervesselsoftenhaveadedicatedfirehoseordedicatedfirehydrant.
Thisequipmentisvitallyimportantforthecoolingoperationsduringafireonboard.Inparticular,aspray/jetnozzlewillminimisethewaterbeingusedaswellasensureitopensasaspray,whichpreventsajetofwaterbeinginadvertentlysprayedintotheseatofafire.
Takecareofyourhoses,makesureyouhaveonefittedwithaspray/jetnozzleatalltimes.Youshouldregularlychecktomakesurethenozzleworks.
Rememberfirefightingwaterfromthehoseaffectsvesselstability,soitmustbedrained/pumpedoutoncethefireisout.
fixed fire fighting systemsSomevesselswillhaveafixedfirefighting(dedicatedextinguishing)systemfittedintheirengineroom.Thesystemwillhaveanextinguisherbottleandnozzlesaroundthecompartmenttospraytheextinguisheraround.
Thesesystemscanbeautomaticallytriggeredbyadetectingsensorormanuallyoperated.Analarmsoundsbeforethevapourorgasisreleasedtoallowpeopletoevacuatethecompartment.
Tolookafterthesesystems:
• leavethespraynozzlesthewaytheywereinstalled
• sealthecompartmentbeforeyouoperatethesystem
• makesurethesesystemsareregularlycheckedbyserviceagentscertifiedtoperformthetask.
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fire pumpTherearearangeofdifferentfirepumpsondifferentvessels.Somevesselshaveapoweredpumpdrivenfromthemainengine,othershaveahand-operatedpump.Alloftheseeffectivelygetwatertothesiteofthefire.Remember,thewaterismostlyusedtocoolthearearatherthantofighttheflames.
fire equipment signsSignsmustbeusedtohighlightthelocationofequipmentandtoshowhowtheequipmentoperates.Signsareusuallyprovidedbyequipmentsuppliers.
Don’tthrowtheseawayonthebeliefthat“everyoneknowshowtouseit”!
Makesuretheventilationflapsandfanswitchesthatneedtobeturnedoffinafirearealsowellmarked.
legal requirementS
TherequirementsforfireappliancestobeheldonboardarecontainedinMaritimeRulesPart40A,40CandPart42B.Thecapacity,typeandnumberrequiredallvarydependingonvesselsizesoitpaystocheckontheserules.
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the earlier you get warning of a fire the faster you can respond.
Smokeorheatdetectionisnotrequiredonsmallvessels.
Vesselswithlesscrewmaybelesslikelytonoticesmokewhiletheyareattendingtotheirduties.
Itisrecommendedthatcommonbattery-operatedhomesmokedetectorsshouldbefittedonsmallervessels.
Firedetectorscomeinmanyformsbutoperateeitherbydetectingexcessiveheatorbydetectingsmoke.Smokedetectorsarenormallymoresensitivethanheatdetectorsbutarenouseiftherearelotsoffumes.
if an alarm keeps going off – find out why and fix it!
2.6 FIREDETECTIONEqUIPMENT
SAFETY IN VESSELS
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3.1 GENERALSAFETY
housekeepingThissectioncoverssuggestionsforkeepingyourvesseltidyandhazardfree.
• Cleanupslipperydecks.
• Mopupspillsassoonaspossible.
• Secureloosegearoffthedeck.Noropesorlinesshouldbeleftstrewnondeck.
• Keepdecksasclearaspossibleatalltimes.
• Keepequipment,ropesandladderstiedorstowedupoffthedeck.
• Heavyobjects(blocks)usedaloftshouldnotbeleftlooseorswinging.
• Ropeoffanybreaksinthedeck.Maketheropevisiblebytyingragstoitandtieitataheightsopeopleseeitanditdoesnotturnintoatripwire.
• Waterhosesshouldbecoiledandhungonbrackets.
• Hatchcoversshouldbeneatlypiledoutofpassagewayswhenthehatchesareopen.
• Hatchesshouldnotbeleftpartiallyopenedorconcealedwithatarpaulin.
• Suppliescarriedondeckshouldbecovered(ifnecessary)andsecurelylashed.
• Makesurescuppersarenotblockedbyequipment,toolsordebris.Blockedscupperscanposeaserioushazard,especiallyinroughseas.
• Stowitemsatmaindecklevelorbelow.Donotstowheavyitemshighonthevessel,asitwillaffectthecentreofgravitymakingthevesselunstable.
• Alwaysplacecargoontimbertoallowdrainageunderneath.
• Donotstoregearinpassageways.Keepwalkways,passagesandwaistsclear.
• Storesharpobjectsinthegalleyorondecksafely.
• Cleanragsshouldbekeptinaboxorlocker.Dirtyragsshouldbedisposedofinmetalcontainerswithlids.
• Keepquartersneatandorderly.
• Fireextinguishersshouldbeproperlylocatedandneverusedascoatracks.
• Keepabolt,wirecutterorknifeonboardtocutlinesorgearthatistangledorneedstobecutawayquickly.
• Donothangunattendedtowelsorwashclothsabovethestovetodry.
• Degreasefiltersandstoveventilationtrunkingregularly.
• Clearlylabelledproductsandequipmentreducetheriskofmistakes.Forexamplemixingincorrectchemicals,usingthewrongoil,orturningthewrongswitchoff.
personal safetyThissectioncoverssuggestionsforkeepingyourselfsafeandhazardfree.
• Alwayswearprotectiveclothinginworkareas.
• Alwayswearpersonalfloatationequipmentonboard.
• Neverstandinabightofropeorwire.Itcouldtightensuddenlyandcauseaseriousinjury.
• Becarefulwhereyouputyourfeet,especiallywherewiresorropesaremovingalongthedeck.
• Usethecorrecttooltoclearalinefromasheaveorblock.Don’triskcrushingyourfingers.
• Watchyourhead.Don’tstandunderaload,orinareaswhereoverheadequipmentmayswingandcauseseriousinjury.
• Keepyourhardhatonatalltimeswhenworkingwithoverheadequipmentorslungloads.
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• Stowheavygearinanaccessibleareaso“twisting”,orstrainonthebody(particularlytheback)toaccessit,isminimal.
• Stayfit.Workingonvesselscanbeaphysicaljob.
• Dostretchesbeforeyoustartwork.
Safe use of knivesKnivesareusedformanytasksatseaandareextremelyhazardousitems,particularlywhentheyareusedonanunstableplatformsuchasavessel.
• Knivesmustbehandledwithcareatalltimes.
• Whenusingaknifeconcentrateonwhatyouaredoing.
• Selectthecorrectknifefortheworkyouaredoing.
• Don’tleavekniveslyingaroundinworkareas.Stowtheminasheathorrackwhennotinuse.
• Takecarewhenpassingknivestoanothercrewmember.
• Holdtheknifebythehandleandpointittowardsthedeckwhenyouwalkormove.
• Cleanknivesseparatelyfromotheritems.
• Alwaysstowyourknifeifyouneedyourhandsforanothertask(evenwhenit’sonlyonehand).
• Knifehandlesshouldbesecureandfixedrigidlytotheblade.Ifthehandleisloosetightenit,orreplacetheknife.
• Keepthehandlesdryandclearofgreaseandoils.Wipethemregularlywitharag.
• Keeptheknifesharp.
• Whenusingaknifetheactionshouldalwaysbeawayfromyourbodyandyourhand.Theknifebladeshouldbeangledawayfromtheworkandsoawayfromthefingers.Keepoutofrangeofothercrew.
• Don’tattempttocatchafallingknife.Leaveittofall.Thenyoucanpickitupsafelyandcleanit.
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3.2 PERSONALPROTECTIVE EqUIPMENTAND APPROPRIATECLOTHINGappropriate clothingThinksensiblyabouttheclothesyouandyourcrewweartosea,andrememberyourpersonalprotectiveequipment(safetygear).
• Wearclose-fittingclothing,whichislesslikelytobecaughtinmachinery.
• Wearcottonorwoolincasethereisafireoryoufalloverboard.
• Keeplonghairtuckedunderahatortiedback.
• Avoidwearingringsandotherjewellery.
• Weargoodnon-slipfootwear.
personal protective equipment (safety gear)Allcrewmembersshouldhavethefollowingpersonalprotectiveequipment(safetygear)towear:
1. Safety boots/gumboots/boatshoes Safetyboots,gumboots,orboatshoesshouldbewornatalltimesondeckandinmachineryspaces.
Makesurethesolesofyoursafetybootsarestillingoodcondition.Yourfavouritebootsmaybecomfortableafteryearsofwear,butifthesolesaretoosmoothyoucouldslipandfall.
2. Safety helmets Safetyhelmetsmustbewornwhenloadsarebeingslung.
3. hearing protection Earmuffsmustbeworninengineroomspacesaswellasinanyothercompartmentwhereanoisy
machineisrunning.
4. eye protection Weargoodqualityprotectiveeyewearwhenthereisariskthatyoucouldgetsomethinginyoureyes.
Alwaysweareyewearwhengrindingorcutting.
5. lifejackets Alwayswearapersonalfloatationdevice(lifejacket)whenworkingondeckorattimesof
heightenedrisk.
6. gloves Glovesshouldbeappropriateforthehazardsthewearermayencounter,egrubbergloveswhen
handlingchemicals.Glovesshouldfitsnuglyatthewristsbutpermitfreemovementofthefingers.
7. high visibility vests Alwayswearahighvisibilityvestwhenworkingoncargodecksorduringcargooperations.
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3.3 MACHINEGUARDS
Nooneintentionallyputstheirhandintoachainsprocket,ormovingmachinery.Guardsaretheretoprotectyouifyourattentionslipsorthevesselrollssuddenly.
action points!
• Neverremovecoverswhilemachineisinoperation.Thisincludeswhenclearingblockages.Ifyoumustremovecoversforcleaningormaintenance,makesurethemachineisisolatedandtagged,ortappedoff.
• Alwaysreplaceguards.Neveroperatethemachinewiththecoversorguardsoff.
• Neverbypassorshortcircuitsafetycut-outswitches.
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3.4 ISOLATIONPROCEDURES
Whensomeoneisgoingtoworkonhydraulic,fuel,waterorelectricalsystems:
the system must be isolated before work begins, and should not be restarted until work has finished.
Isolatingthesystemmakesitsafertoworkonandmeansthereisamuchlowerchanceof:
• electrocution
• oilorfuelspillsintothesea
• afirestarting
• equipmentdamage.
Itistheskipper’sresponsibilitytomakesuresystemsareisolated.Legally,thisresponsibilitycannotbedelegatedtocontractors.Itisalwaystheskipperwhoisresponsibleforthesafetyofallworkersonboardthevessel.
Ifthereisanenvironmentalincident,egafuelspill,particularlyonethatcouldhavebeenavoidedbyisolation,theownerandskippers,aswellasthecontractor,canallbefoundresponsible.
action points!
1. Turnthesupplyofftotheequipmentthatisgoingtobemaintained.
Youcanthen:
2. Putapieceoftapeacrossitandwrite“DoNotTurnOn”andyournameonit.
3. Useadesignedtag-outcard.
Beforerestartingequipment:
• Beforeremovinganytag,checkwiththepersonwhosenameisonthetagortapethatworkhasbeencompletedandthatitissafetooperate.
• Alwayscheckyourselfthatthesystemlookssafetooperateafterithasbeenworkedon.
• Ifacontractorcomesonboardformaintenanceworkwhenthecrewarenotthere,isolatethesystembeforeyouleave.
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3.5 HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCES (DANGEROUSGOODS)
Hazardoussubstanceshavedangerousproperties.Asubstanceishazardousifithasoneormoreoftheseproperties:
• explosive
• flammable
• oxidising
• corrosive
• toxictopeople
• ecotoxic(toxictotheenvironmentortoanimalsandplants).
Whenasuppliersellsahazardoussubstance,ithastobelabelled.
When using hazardous substances:• Keepproductsinapropercontainer.
• Readthelabel.
• Makesurelabelsaren’tdamagedandcanbeeasilyread.
• Keepdatasheetsonfileonboard.
• Cleanupspillsquickly.
• Storecontainersinasecure,dryandventilatedlocationwheretheywon’tbedamaged.
• Disposeofcontainersandcontentssafely.Donotpourintotheseaordrainsanddonotburncontainers.
• Takegreatcarewiththeseproductsandonlytakethebareminimumtosea!
• Thesuppliersoftheseproductsmustprovideyouwithdatasheetsdetailing:
– thetypeofhazarditis
–whattypeofharmitcancause
–howtopreventithappening
–howto,orhownotto,disposeoftheproduct
–whatotherchemicalsnottostorewiththeproduct.
assistance is available on:0800 poiSon or 0800 764 766
legal requirementS
TherequirementsforcarryingdangerousgoodsonboardarecontainedinMaritimeRulesPart24A.
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Liftinggearonboardavesselincludesderricks,booms,cranes,rigginggear,riggingandcargoramps.Itincludesbothfixedandportablecomponents(ieeyes,shacklesandblocks).
Thisgearissubjecttotheelementsandcanhavelargeforcesexertedonit.Inspectliftinggearregularlyandkeepitwellmaintained.
Makesurethegearfittedisofthecorrectsizeandcapacitytodothejobsafely.
carry out inspections to check that:• Theeyesoftheliftinggearhaven’telongated.
• Shacklesandpinsaren’twornbeyondsafeworkinglimits.
• Therearesafetychainsattachedtoblocks.
• Theblocksheavesarenotworn.
• Thewireisnotshowingsignsofwear(iefraying,crimpedorrusting).
• Thepinsandbushesinblocksarerunningsmoothlyandthereisnottoomuchmovementbetweenthem.
upkeep pointsMaintainequipmentregularlyby:
• keepingmovingpartswelllubricatedwithsaltwaterresistantgrease
• keepingpaintonexteriorofblocksandhangingeyesingoodcondition
• lubricatingwireregularly
• keepingarecordofallmaintenanceundertakenongear.
operation points• Makesureallpersonnelinvolvedinliftingandslingingoperationsbothatseaandalongside
knowthecorrectsignals.
• Makeallmovementssmoothandgradual.
• Avoidsuddenshocksorstrainsandbewareofsidepulls.
• Avoiddangerouspositions,egsteppingonatautmooringlineorstandinginabightorstandinginthe“lineofpull”ofatautropeorcablethatmightgiveway.
• Neverwalkorstandunderaload.
• Keepyourloadwithinthesafeworkingloadlimit.
• Remembertheloadmaybelowbuttheforceiswheretheloadisslungfrom.this affects stability.• Stayoutfromunderboomsandcraneswhileliftingoperationsareinprogress.
• Avoidswingingaload.
• Attachsteadylinestoheavyorunwieldyloads.
• Don’tstandbetweentheloadandfixedobjects.
• Wearhardhatsandsafetyshoes.
legal requirementS
TherequirementsforliftinggearcanbefoundinMaritimeRulesPart49.
3.6 LIFTINGGEAR
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3.7 PORTABLEELECTRICTOOLS
When using portable electric tools• Alwaysusetoolswithresidualcurrentdevice(RCD)protection.
• Inspectthetoolbeforeyouuseit.Checkfordamageeithertothecordortoinsulationonthebodyofthetool.Ifthereisanydamage,donotusethetoolandgetanelectriciantorepairitattheearliestopportunity!
tipS for SkipperS
• Setuparegulartestperiodforportableelectrictools.UsetheSSMsystemtoorganisethis.
• Getanelectriciantotestallyourportabletools.Thesetestsmustberepeatedatregularintervals(discusswiththeelectrician).
• Keeplogsofalltesting.Thelogcanbekeptinasimplenotebook,orsomeelectricalcontractorswillkeeptherecordsforyou.
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3.8 WORKINGDECKSURFACES
Maintaintheanti-skidpropertiesofthedeckcoatingandkeepitfreeofhazards.
action points!
1. maintain the deck coating so it is anti-skid Crewneedtobesureoftheirfootingwhileworkingondeck.Makesureagooddoseofsandorgrit
isthrownontopofthelastcoatofpaint,orsomeothergriptreadisappliedtothedeck.
2. replace deck gratings Ifmaintenanceworkhasrequiredthedeckplatesorgratingstoberemoved,replacethemassoon
aspossible.Fastenthemproperlysotheedgesandcornersdon’triseupabovethedecklevel.
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3.9 VENTILATION
Smallvesselsoftenhavesmall,confinedspaces.Theairinthesespacescanbecomeverystagnantoverashortperiodoftime.Thiscanbeahealthrisktocrewworkingandlivinginthesespaces.
helpful tips
1. regularly clean ventilation fans, grills and filters (if fitted) Thesealltrapdirt.Thedirtcanbecomeafirerisk,itcanreducethequalityandamountofairbeing
suppliedandshortenthelifeoffanmotors.
2. regularly check ventilation gaps and grills Iftherearesmallventilationgapsorgrillsatthebottomofthedoor,checkthemregularlytomake
suretheyareclear.
3. regularly maintain shutters and flaps Rememberinthecaseofafire,thecompartmentmustbeabletobecloseddown.Regularlygrease
theseandmovethemthroughtheirarc-of-travel.
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3.10 LIGHTING
• Lightingshouldbefitforpurpose.
• Changelightbulbs,lampsandtubesassoonastheyfail.
• Keepdiffusersandreflectorsonlightfittingsclean.
• Replaceswitches,diffusersandreflectorsiftheygetdamaged.
• Regularlytestemergencylighting.
• Regularlycheckthebatterysupplyingtheemergencylighting.
• Lightingshouldallowpeopletomovearoundthevesselwitheaseanddotheirworksafely.Inaccommodationareas,lightingshouldallowpeopletoread.
night lighting at seaAtnight,nightvisionisofgreatimportancetocrewwhoaremovingaroundondeckoronwatchonthebridge.
Ifyouaresurroundedbywhitelightyournightvisionisseriouslyimpaired.
Rulestoimprovenightvision:
• Keepwhitelightingatseatoaminimum.Brightwhitelightwillpreventyoufromseeingobjectsaheadofyouatnight.
• Onthebridgeofanyvesselnightlighting(blueorred)shouldbeusedtoworkwithlogsandcharts.
• Donotusewhitedecklightingforwardofthebridge.
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3.11 ROPESANDMOORINGLINES
Allropessecuringaloadneedtobesafe.
action points!
• Usetheappropriatestrengthropefortheload.
• Iftheloadisdangerous,heavyorexpensive–doubleup.
• Stowropesandlinesupoffthedeck(ifpractical).
• Stowropesandlinesinsuchawaythatiftheyarewet,theywilldry.
• Regularlycheckropesforfrayingorcutsanddiscardiftheyaresignificantlydamaged.
• Don’tbendlargeropestootightly.
• Neverstandwherearecoilingropemaystrikeyou.
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3.12 BOARDINGAND DISEMBARKING
Gettingonandoffavesselisawkward.Thevesselsizeandthetidaldropcansometimesmakeitdifficulttouseagangway.
Sometimescreworpassengershavetostepontothevesseldirectlyfromthewharfside.Itisimportantthatembarkinganddisembarkingisdoneinthesafestmanner.
don’t take risks when boarding and disembarking.
action points!
• Setmooringlinessothevessellaysparalleltothewharfanddoesnotswingtoomuch.
• Useagangwaywheneverpossible.
• Secureladdersorgangwaystothevessel.
• Buildpermanenthandrails/stepsonsideofvesselifpractical.
• Onpassengervessels,acrewmembershouldalwaysstandnearthegangwaytoassistpassengers.
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3.13 KEEPINGTHEVESSEL WATERTIGHT
Floodingcanoccuronavesselasaresultofanincidentatsea.Floodingcanalsohappenwhenavesselisalongside.
Thereareanumberofstepsyoucantaketoreducetheriskofaflood.Therearealsothingsyoucandotoreducethedamagethatafloodwouldcause.
action points!
• Keepwatertightopeningclipsanddogswellgreasedandingoodworkingorderatalltimes.
• Keepallbilgeandportablepumpsmaintained.Checkoperationbeforesailingeachtrip.
• Makesurebilgesareclearofragsanddebristhatmayblockpumps.
• Whenleavingthevessel,ensureallseacocksnotrequiredforcoolingrunningequipmentareshutoff.
• Ensureyourcollisionbulkheadoranyotherwatertightbulkheadisnotcompromisedbydrillingholestoinstallcablingorpipe-work.Makesuretheappropriatethroughbulkheadwatertightglandorfittingisused.
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3.14 ESCAPEROUTES
Thingshappenextremelyquicklyatseaandoftenacompartmentwillhavetobeevacuatedrapidly.Evacuationofcrewandpassengersisoftendifficultbecausethevesselismoving.Flooding,fireandsmokemakeitevenhardertogetout.Itisimportantthatfurtherobstaclesarenotputinthewayofthepersonescaping,whetheritisaphysicalobstruction,ortheperson’slackofknowledgeaboutthevessel.
Onsomevessels,largercompartmentshavetwoexits.Oftenthealternativeescaperouteisnotusedmuch,andendsupwiththingsobstructingit.Crewandpassengerscouldbeovercomebysmokeortheycoulddrownbecausetheycannotescapethroughblockedexits.
action points!
• Everyladderanddooronthevesselshouldbetreatedasapossibleescaperoute.
• Keepallopeningsclearandunobstructedatalltimes.Thisincludesthepassageleadingtothem.
• Regularlyopenandclosealternativeescaperoutehatchesanddoorstoensureallclipsandhingesareworkingfreelyfrombothsides.
• Exitsshouldbemarkedwithiridescentsignsbothateyelevelandatgroundlevel.
• Keepladdersleadinguptoescapehatchesclear(iedonotusethemasaropeortoolstowage).
• Showcrewandpassengerswherealternativeescaperoutesarefromallcompartmentswhentheyarriveonboard.Thisshouldformpartofpassengersafetybriefingsbeforesailing.
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3.15 MACHINERYSTOPS
Therewillbeanumberofmachinerystopsaroundanyvesselonwinches,cranes,windlassesandconveyorsandotherpiecesofmachinery.Somemachinesarefittedwithremoteemergencystopssotheycanbeshutdownfromanotherarea.Manystopsareinstalledforsafetypurposessothatmachineryautomaticallystopsifhazardouspartsbecomeexposedbytheremovalofasafetycoverorguard.
Stopsmaybeinmanyformsincludingvalves,levers,switches,micro-switches,electronicsensorsorbuttons.
action points!
• Donotbypassanymachine’sstopbutton,even“justforashorttime”.
• Makesureallstopswitches,leversandbuttonsareclearlylabelledinred.Labelsorsignsshouldbelarge,cleanandbright.
• Crewmustbeshownwhereemergencystopbuttonsarepositionedincludingequipmenttheymaynotberesponsibleforoperating.
• Keepallstopbuttonsandleversfreefromobstruction.
• Checkoperationofstoparrangementsregularly.Ifthereisaremoteemergencystopbutton,useittoshutthemachinerydownoccasionallytoproveitisworking.
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3.16 FUELLINGSAFETY
Fuellingavesselisapotentiallydangeroussituation.Peopleonthevesselorintheareaareatrisk.Theenvironmentcouldbedamagedbyafuelspill.
Alwaystakecarewhenrefuelling.
action points!
• Makesureeveryoneonboardknowsyouarefuelling.
• Makesureeveryoneknowstherecanbenosmokingduringthefuellingoperation.
• Makesurecrewandcontractorsarenotdoinganywelding,gascuttingorotherhotworkonornearthevessel.
• HoistflagBRAVOsovesselspassingknowyouarefuelling.
• Keepconstantcommunicationwiththetankerattendant.
• Makesureyouattachbagsorcontainersunderallventssospillsareminimised.
• Keepawatchondeckthroughouttheoperation.
• Keepanoilspillkitnearyouduringtheoperation.
• Blockscuppers.
• Thereshouldbenopassengersonboardduringfuellingoperations.
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3.17 GENERALTRAINING
Peopleinkeypositionsonthevesselmusthavetheappropriatequalifications.Trainingisanongoingrequirement,becauseallvesselsandtheirequipmentaredifferentandpeopleforgetthings.
Don’tfallintothetrapofbelievingtrainingistooexpensiveoryouhaven’tgottime.Downtimeandmedicalcostsareexpensivetoo.
Theleveloftrainingwillvarywitheachcrewmembers’experienceandcapability.
Experiencedcrewwillonlyrequireinductiontrainingrelatingtotheoperationandlocationofequipmentonanewvessel.Inexperiencedcrewmemberswillneeddetailedandongoingtrainingtolearntheappropriateskills.
action points!
• Neverletcrewmembersoperateequipmentuntiltheyhavebeentrainedandtestedandcanoperateitcompetently.
• Giveallnewcrewmembersinductiontraining.
• Recordalltraining.Theexampleofaninductionchecklistthatfollowsispracticalforsmallvessels.Itservestoremindthepersontrainingthenewcrewmemberofeverythingthatshouldbecovered.Keeprecordsofcompletedtraining.Theserecordswillprovideanaudittrailtoshowthatthetrainingwasdone.Ifyouoryourcrewhaveanaccidentyoumayneedthisevidence.
Anexampleinductiontrainingrecordsheetisonthefollowingpage.
for further informationThereisalargerangeofcoursesavailablefromvarioustrainingsuppliersaroundNewZealand.ContactCompetenzIndustryTrainingon08002SKILL(0800275455)formoreinformation.
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eXample:induction training record Note:Thechecklistbelowisnotcompleteandisprovidedtoindicatetheconceptonly.Adaptittoincludetrainingforyourvessel-specificequipment.
induction training record for fv coStalottraining task date trainer name/sig trainee name
muster stations–Soundalarm.Explainactionrequiredforfire,manoverboard,abandonship.
1/4/07 J Boggs JFB
Terry Tee TT
life raft–Showlocationandexplainexpirydateandhydrostaticreleasearrangement.
1/4/07 J Boggs JFB
Terry Tee TT
epirB–Showlocationandexplainexpirydateandhydrostaticreleasearrangement.
1/4/07 J Boggs JFB
Terry Tee TT
lifejackets–Showstowageandexplainlightbatteryexpirydate.
1/4/07 J Boggs JFB
Terry Tee TT
engine room ventilation–Showhowengineroomventilationisshutoffinthecaseofanemergency.Showventilationflapsthatmustbeclosed.
1/4/07 J Boggs JFB
Terry Tee TT
anchor and cable–Explainandoperatewindlass.Explaindangersinvolved.Explainandsecure“deadmansclaw”.Operatethebrakes.
24/7/07 Ian Heart IH
Terry Tee TT
cable lockers–Showandexplaindangers.
24/7/07 Ian Heart IH
Terry Tee TT
Winches–Explainoperatingprocedures.Toolstobeused.Explaindangersassociatedwithworkingwithwireandsafepracticesthatmustbeadheredto.
13/5/07 Ian Heart IH
Terry Tee TT
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3.18 TRIPPLANNING/ PRE-SAILINGCHECKLIST
Animportantpartofplanningyourtripisknowingwhathappensonlandifthingsgowrongatsea:
• Makesuresomeoneonlandknowswhereyouareheading,howlongyou’llbeaway,howmanypassengersareonboard(ifappropriate)andwhenyouaredueback.
• Setuparegular(every24hours)communication/contactschedule(cellphone/vesselradio)withsomeoneonlandormaritimeradio.
• Haveaplaninplaceforthepersononlandtofollowifyoumissascheduledcontactorarelongerthanexpectedatsea.
Remember:itisbestthatsomeoneknowsyourintendedplan(evenifthischanges)ratherthannoonenoticingyouaremissing.
Before leaving port, your vessel must be ready and capable to travel:• Thevesselmustbeseaworthy.Itmustbewatertightandequipmentmustbesecured.
Vesselstabilityisimprovediffuelandwatertanksarefull,theboomisdown,andweights(suchascargo)arekeptlow.
• Allcargo,fuelcontainersandothersuppliesmustbesafelystoredandsecured.
• Thevesselmustbesecurelyandsafelyloaded.
• Considerationmustbegiventocurrentandforecastweatherconditions.
Beforesailing,checktheessentialitemsandequipmenteverytime.TheseareincludedinyourSSMmanualorlogs.Anexamplepre-sailingchecklistisshownonthefollowingpage.
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eXample:pre-sailing checklist
navigation gear
Compassoperatingandremoteindicatoraligned Yes No
Radaroperating Yes No
Depthsoundertested Yes No
Necessaryupdatedchartsonboard Yes No
Navigationlightsalloperatinginnormalandbackupmodes Yes No
Deckandcabinlightworking Yes No
GPSworking Yes No
Weatherfaxworking Yes No
Radiocheckcompleted Yes No
crew
Newmembersshownbasicsafetyequipment Yes No
Musterlistupdated Yes No
Watertankfilled Yes No
Foodonboardandstowedaway Yes No
passengers
Briefing Yes No
POB Yes No
Reportedashore(SARcontactperson) Yes No
electrical
Batteriescheckedforwaterlevelandcharge Yes No
Decklightingchecked Yes No
engine room
Oilandwaterlevelschecked Yes No
Belttensionschecked Yes No
Fuellevelcheckedandconfirmedadequatefortrip Yes No
Gearboxoilchecked Yes No
Steering
Steeringcheckedinnormalandemergencycontrol Yes No
Sterntubeoilchecked Yes No
emergency equipment
Liferaftfittedandsecuredproperlywithhydrostaticrelease Yes No
EPIRBinplace Yes No
Bilgealarmsworking Yes No
Bilgepumpschecked Yes No
Firstaidkithasbeenre-stocked Yes No
Flaresintheirstowage Yes No
Lifejacketsintheircorrectstowageandingoodorder Yes No
WATCHKEEPING
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4.1 ORGANISINGTHE NAVIGATIONALWATCH
Thewatchkeeper’smainjobistoensurethesafenavigationofthevesselandtopreventit:
• runningaground
• collidingwithanothervesselormovingobject
• hittingarockorotherhazard.
it is a legal requirement that someone must be on watch at all times.
Inordertoavoidcollisionswithlandorafloatingobject,soundandprofessionalbridgewatchkeepingpracticesandproceduresmustbeputinplaceonallseagoingvesselsregardlessoftheirsize.
Informationandresourcesonwatchkeepingarewidelyavailable.Whiletheremaystillbetheoddunchartedrockaroundtheglobe,thecharts,radarsandothernavigationalaidsarenowverydetailedandreliable.
Thissectioncovers:
• thewatchkeeper’sjob
• usingtwomethodstocheckthevessel’sposition
• lookoutduties
• tipsforusingnavigationalequipment
• beingfitfordutyasawatchkeeper.
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4.2 DUTIESANDRESPONSIBILITIES
the watchkeeper is directly responsible for the vessel and the lives of all those on board the vessel.
Thewatchkeepermustremainvigilantatalltimestoensurethesafetyofthevesselandallwhosailonboard.
Watchkeepingdutiesarerarelyperformedinidealconditions.Theweathermayberoughandmakeithardtodothejob.Evenwhentheweatheriscalmthewatchkeepercansometimesgetabitbored,andnotfocusonthejob.
two watchkeepers on boardIfpossible,itisagoodideatohavetwoqualifiedwatchkeepersatsea.
Vesseloperatorsshouldconsidertrainingalldeckhandsinwatchkeepingandencouragethemtositthemostbasicqualificationsothewatchkeepingdutiescanbeshared.
the three main jobs of the watchkeeper are:• Avoid collisionswithothervesselsorobjectseitherfloatingorsubmerged.
• Keep the vessel on trackandawayfromdangerouslandandrocksandonherintendedtrack.
• Manage the vessel on trackanditslogbooks,chartsandcommunications.Conductotherroutineandtrainingtasksprofessionally.
Theseareimportantresponsibilities.Navigationalwatchkeepersonallvessels(largeandsmall)havetobealertandaware–thevessel’ssafetydependsonthem.
good watchkeeping practices• Usemorethanonemethodtoconfirmyouractualposition.Usevisualfixing,radarfixingand
GPSregularly.
• Don’tbecomedistractedbypassengersorpassengercommentaries.
• Keeprecordsofincidents,seaconditionsandwatchchangesinthelogbook.
• Safenavigationshouldneverbecomesecondpriority.Evenwhenyouhavetoattendtooperationaldutiesandtakelongerbetweenfixes,completethoroughchecksbeforeyouleavethebridge.
• Keepyourselfactivethroughoutthewatch.Ifyouaremovingandworking,youarelesslikelytofallasleep.
• Donothaveatelevisioninthewheelhousearea.
• Ensurebyregularchecksthatyourownnavigationalequipment,particularlynavigationallights,areoperableandswitchedon(oroff)toindicatethevessel’smodeofoperations.
• Alwaysmaintainanchorwatches.Makesureyourpositionischeckedregularly.Inadverseweatherkeepabridgewatchwhileatanchor.
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• Keepagoodlookout.Todothis:
– regularlygooutsideandscantheseaaroundthevessel
–usebinocularstoscanthehorizon
– regularlychecktheradarfornewcontacts
–keepnoteofthewaterdepthunderthevessel
– listenforsoundsthataredifferentorunusual
–checkthefaxesandradioforchangingweather
–makesureyouknowtheshapesandlightconfigurationsofdifferentsignals. Thiswillhelpyoutoknowwhatothervesselsaredoing.
• Itisveryimportanttoremainvigilant.Listenandlookforthingsthatmayendangerthevesselandthecrew.“Allavailablemeans”includesusingyournavigationalequipmentsuchasdepthsoundersandradarsthatprovidelookoutinformation
• Whenyoufinishyourwatch,conductagoodhandover.Explainwhathashappenedduringyourwatch.Pointoutthevessel’scurrentposition,intendedtrackandanyimmediatehazards.Tellthenextwatchkeeperaboutanyotherpointsofconcernyouhave.
legal requirementS
MaritimeRulesPart22statesthatvessels“mustatalltimesmaintainaproperlookoutbysightandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansintheprevailingcircumstances…”
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4.3 NAVIGATIONALEqUIPMENT
navigational chartsChartsareanessentialnavigationaltool,andareespeciallyusefulwhenyouneedtoplotacourseforalongertrip.Chartsshouldbekeptup-to-dateatalltimes.Referto:www.linz.govt.nzforupdates.
Chartsshowdepths,hazards,landanddeviationfiguresforallnavigationalareas.
Evenifyouhaveelectronicchartsoftwareonyourvessel,keepinthehabitofusingthepapercharts.Ifapowerfailureorsurgecausesthecomputertofail,you’llstillbeabletoaccesstheinformation.
compassItisgoodpracticetogetintothehabitofusingthemagneticcompass.Ithelpsto:
• confirmelectronicdevicesareoperatingcorrectly
• showlessexperiencedwatchkeepersthetruepositionofhazardsonchartswhentheycalculatedeviationandvariationcorrectedheadings
• ensurethatwatchkeeperscanperformtheirdutiesifGPSandradarfail
• breakthemonotonyofthewatch.
radarTheradarsetonyourvesseliscriticalwhenvisibilityispoor,forexampleinpoorweather,fog,oratnight.Theradarwillalsooftenbethefirstindicatorthatthereissomethingsmallahead.
Thewatchkeepermustkeepaneyeontheradarsetatalltimes.Smallobjectsorvesselscanappearontheradarveryquickly.Thetimebetweentheradardetectingsomethingandthevesselcollidingwiththatthingcanalsobeveryshort.
Radarsneedtobecheckedregularly.Radarsdogetoutofsyncandmayneedtobecalibratedtogiveaccuratereadings.YoucancheckyourradaraccuracybycrosscheckingagainstvisualfixingandGPS.
action points!
• Ensuretherangeissetcorrectlyfortheoperationyouareperformingandtheassociatedhazardsinthearea.
• Makesurethegainandcluttersettingsaresetappropriatelyfortheweatherconditionsyouareworkingin.
• Rememberthemagnetroninyourradarhasafinitelifeandtheradar’sperformancewilldeterioratesoitisimportantthatyouhaveitcheckedandservicedregularly.
navigational lightingYourvessel’snavigationallightsshowotherswhereyouareandwhatyouaredoing.Atnight,infog,orinadverseweather,thelightswillbethefirstwarningothervesselsmayhaveofyourpresence.Navigationlightshelpothervesselsworkoutyourvessel’sapproximatecourseandindicateifyouaretowing,orcarryingoutotheractivities.
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action points!
• Alwaysturntheappropriatelightsonandoff.
• Alwaysrunaquickvisualcheckthatthelightsareshiningafteryouhaveturnedthemon(youshoulddothisevenifyouhaveanalarmfitted).
ShapesShapesareusedduringdaylight.Theyshowthatyourvesselisperformingaspecifictask,suchasvesselnotundercommandorvesselatanchor.Thisindicatestoothervesselsthatyourmanoeuvrabilitymayberestrictedandtheyshouldgiveyouplentyofroom.Theshapesonothervesselstellyouwhattheyaredoing.
eyes and earsYoureyesandearsarethemostvaluablenavigationalaidsyouhave.Eventhoughyoumayhavegoodandreliabletechnology,whatyouseeandhearatseaisveryimportant.
• Keepbackgroundnoiseonthebridgetoaminimum(iestereos,CDs).
• Havethemaritimeradioon,andlistentoit.
• Regularlyputyourheadoutsidetolookoutandlisten.
• Listenforchangesofsound.
Weather faxes and broadcastsTheseprovidevaluableinformationabouttheenvironment.Getintoaroutineofusingorlisteningtothem.
depth soundersInshallowerwatersthedepthsounderprovidesusefulinformationthatyoucancomparewiththecharts.Ithelpstoclarifypositionaswellaswarnofanimmediatedangerofgrounding.
global positioning System (gpS)MostvesselshaveaGPSonboardnow.GPSisausefultool,butitmustnotbeusedasthesolenavigationaltool.
action points!
• GPScanbecomeinaccurateduetoelectronicorsatellitemalfunctions.
• GPSdoesnotshowothervessels’positionsorwarnofanimminentcollision.
• GPSdoesnotshowthevessel’spositionrelativetoadjacentshoreline.
• Youhaveothernavigationalaidsyoucanuse.
legal requirementS
MaritimeRulesPart22givesdetailsonthelightsandshapesallvesselsarerequiredtodisplay.
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4.4 FITNESSFORDUTY
are you fit to be on watch?Thefollowingthingscanaffectyourabilitydoyourwork:
• ifyouaretiredorhaven’thadenoughsleep
• ifyouareundertheinfluenceofdrugsoralcohol
• ifyouareillordrowsy
• ifyouarestressed
• ifyouhaveotherconcernsthatdistractyoufromthetask.
a person may not be fit for duty if they are:• moreirritableorbadtemperedthannormal
• anxious
• boredorlethargic
• lackingenergy.
if you do not think you are able to do watchkeeping duty effectively, you need to tell the skipper.
tipS for SkipperS
• Oftenthefirsttimeyoucanassessthatacrewmemberisfitorunfitfordutyiswhentheyappearinthewheelhousetotakeuptheirduty.Asyoudiscussthehandoverwatchforanysignsofstress,uncertainty,orfatigue.Ifyouthinkthepersonisunfitfordutyyoumusttactfullyrearrangethewatchtomakeitshorter,ordivertandanchorupforafewhoursifpossible.
• Keepyourvesselfreeofalcoholanddrugs.
• Afterbusyperiodsmakesureyoutakethetimetotalkinformallyandcasuallytothecrewandattempttoassess“howtheyarehandling”thepressure.
• Adjusttheplanningofyourwatchestosuittheworkload,areaofoperationsandthefitnessfordutyoftheindividuals.
• Checkthatlogentriesandchartshavebeencompletedproperlyandshoweachwatchkeeperiskeepingbusyandconductingtheirwatchinaprofessionalmanner.
legal requirementS
MaritimeRulesPart31requiresproceduresandsystemstobeputinplacebytheskipperandownerthatensuresthewatchkeeperisfitforduty.Italsorequirescrewmemberstoconsideriftheyarefitfortheirduty.
SAFETY IN MACHINERY SPACES
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5.1 REFRIGERATIONSYSTEMS
Manysmallvesselsarefittedwithrefrigerationsystems.Refrigerantgasorliquid:
• ispoisonoustohumans
• affectsrunningmachinery
• isharmfultotheenvironmentifleaked.
Therearearangeofrefrigerantgasesusedandallarehazardous.Forthisreasonthesesystemshavetobewellmaintained.Crewneedtobeawareofthedangersandactionrequiredintheeventofaleak.
Inthepastchlorofluorocarbon(CFC)refrigerantsR-11,R-12andR-502werecommon.TheOzoneLayerProtectionAct1996meantthatCFCscouldnolongerbeusedinrefrigerationsystems.Newrefrigerationsystemsusemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyhydrochlorofluorocarbon(HFC)refrigerants.
Thesedays,themostcommonrefrigerantsusedonsmallvesselsareFreonR-22andFreon134a.Freonisactuallyatradename,sothenumberistheimportantidentifier.
refrigerant hazards• Freoncannotbeseenorsmelt.
• Freonisheavierthanairsoitwill“fall”andstaysittinginthebottomofcompartments.
• Freonisextremelyharmfulifitcomesintocontactwiththeeyes.
• Freonissuffocatingasitdisplacesair.
• IfyouinhalehighconcentrationsofFreon,itattacksthenervoussystem.
• WhenFreoncomesintocontactwithhotsurfacesandstartstoburn,itcangiveoffpoisonousgases.
• Freons,ifreleasedintotheair,maycauseenvironmentaldamage.Refrigerantsshouldneverbereleasedintotheatmosphere.Theymustbedrawnintothecondenser/receiverorintoaseparatecylinder.
• Mostrefrigerantsmixwithoilsooildrainedfromarefrigerationsystemmustbeclearlylabelledanddisposedofseparately.
• Refrigerantsmustnotbemixed.
Ifyoustartfeelingfaintordizzyasyouenteracompartment–don’tthinktwice–evacuate!
if a refrigerant leak occurs• Evacuatecompartmentimmediately.
• Soundalarm!Getcrewinanup-windposition.
• Ifleakisinengineroomshutdownmachinery.
• Turnvesselintowindifstillpossible.
• Donotentercompartmentwithoutventilatingitfirst.
remember:Freonsinkstothebottomofthecompartmentandisveryhardtoremove.TrytoforceairflowdownintothebottomofthecompartmenttoforcetheFreonupwards.
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maintenance points
• Refrigerantpipesarelaggedandconstantlydamp.Thismeansthatpipecoatingsandsurfacescandeterioraterelativelyquickly.Checkpipesregularlyandmakesurethecoatingismaintained.
• Whereflexiblehosesareusedonlyuserefrigeranttoleranthoses.Trytoavoidusingflexiblehoseswhereverpossible.
• Maintainfittingssuchasvalvesandgaugesingoodorder.
• Markpipestoshowwhattypeofrefrigeranttheyhaveinthem.
• Refrigerantsaresuppliedinmetalcylinderswhichwillcorrodeinthesaltenvironment.Makesuretheseareleftindrystorage(preferablyashore).
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5.2 COMPRESSEDAIRSYSTEMS
Somesmallervesselshaveacompressedairsystemonboard.Theseareoften“off-the-shelf”unitsfromthelocalhardwareshop.
Allcompressedairsystemshaveapressurisedbottlethatcontainsthehigh-pressureair.Thesemustbekeptinexcellentcondition.
action points!
• Alwayswearsafetyglasseswhenyouareusingcompressedair.
• Ifyouusecompressedairtodrysomething,neverpointthehosedirectlyattheobjectyouaredrying.
• Makesurewhateverthecompressedairisbeingusedonissecure.
• Neverusecompressedairasanairsupplyforbreathing.
• Neverusecompressedairnearhotwork,ieweldingandgascutting.
• Donotusecompressedairtocleanordryclothingwhileyouarestillwearingit.
maintenance points
• Airstoragebottlesmustbekeptinacleananddrycompartment.
• Thepaintcoatingonthebottlemustbekeptingoodcondition.
• Fittings,gauges,valvesandreliefvalvesmustbekeptingoodconditionwithregularmaintenance.
• Hosesusedonportableairequipmentmustberegularlycheckedfordamageandreplacediffound.
• Airbottlesmustbefirmlysecuredtothevesselandtestedregularly.
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5.3 GASCYLINDERSAND INSTALLATIONS
Vesselcookingsystemsareusuallysmall.Theycanbeverydangerousifnotinstalled,maintainedandoperatedsafely.LPGisoftenusedonboardvesselsforcooking.
action points!
• Alwaysturngasoffimmediatelyafteruse.
• Bottles,regulatingandreliefvalvesmustbeinstalledoutside.
• Bottles,valves,pipelinesandhosesmustbeprotectedfromphysicaldamageandkeptoutofdirectsunlight.
• AbidebytheNewZealandStandardforinstallationandmaintenanceofLPGcylindersonboatsandcaravans.
• Thespaceinwhichthegasisbeingusedshouldbewellventilated.Runthefansbeforeignition.
• LPGisheavierthanairsowillsettleinthelowerregionsofthecompartment.
• Agasdetectorshouldbefitted.
• Haveallrepairsandmaintenancedonebyaqualifiedgas-fitter.
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5.4 ELECTRICALSYSTEMS
Allvessels,whetherlargeorsmall,havenumerouselectricalsystemsfittedincludingcrucialalarmandnavigationalequipment,aswellasbatterysystems.
Electricalsystemsthatarebadlyoperatedorpoorlymaintainedcan:
• black-outthevesselrenderingitwithoutsteerageorpoweratsea
• causeseriousdisruptiontonavigationalaidsonboard
• electrocuteacrewmember
• seriouslyburnacrewmember
• startafireonboard.
Alloftheabovecanleadtodeathofoneormorecrewmembers.
Makesureallcrewarefamiliarwiththefollowing:
do • Getallelectricalmaintenanceandrepairworkdonebyacertifiedperson.
• Keepallguardsandcoversonelectricalgear.
• Regularlycheckallterminalsandconnectorsfortightness,cleanlinessandforexcessiveheat.
• Keepallelectricalgearawayfromwater.
• Keepallgrillsandventsofelectricalgearclean.
• Usemarine-ratedequipmentofthecorrectrating.
• Keepearthstrapsandbondingstrapsonequipmentconnectedandingoodcondition.
• Regularlycheckforearthfaultsonyourdistributionboardandremovefaultswhenfound.
• Regularlycheckbatterypacksandchargers.
• Regularlycheckalternativesuppliestoimportantequipmentsuchasradars,radios,steeringetc.
• Keepbatterieswellventilatedanddry.
don’t• Don’thosedownelectricalgear.
• Don’tfiddle!
• Don’trunelectricalcablesthroughbulkheadsorintoboxeswithoutusingthecorrectwatertightglands.
• Don’tworkonelectricalequipmentwithoutfirstisolatingit!
• Don’tuseunder-ratedpartsinelectricalsystems.
• Don’toverloadcircuits.
• Don’tleaveleadsandotherportableelectricalapplianceslyingaround.
• Neverbypassstopswitches.
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tipS for SkipperS
Keepaseparateelectricaltoolboxonboardwith:
• electricaltestersupto440v
• hydrometer
• insulatedtools
• sparefusewire(“forhomeuseonly”)
• insulationtape
• connectors.
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5.5 HYDRAULICSYSTEMS
Itisofteneasytofindapotentialfaultinhydraulicsystems.Youcannormallyseeafaultwhichisabouttobecomeahazard.Thefaultwillusuallybealeakofsomedescription.
Don’tjustwipeuptheleakandleaveit.Leaksinhydraulicsystemscanresultin:
• larger leaks, catastrophic failure Smallleaksmaywarnyouofabiggerweaknessorafault.
• endangering the vessel Leakscauseadropinpressurewhichcanleadtosystemfailure.Thiscanaffectthingslikegear
recoveryandsteering,andendangerthevessel.
• fire Ifasignificantleaksuddenlyappearsitmaysprayoverelectricalequipmentorahotsurface.
Inbothcasesafireislikelytooccur.
• injury Aleakonthedeck,dayornight,cancauseacrewmembertolosetheirfootingandeitherfall
overboardorsufferaninjury.
Hydraulicsystemsareverypowerfulandcancausefatalitiesifnottreatedwithduerespect.Hydraulicfluidisapollutantanditisillegaltospillitintothesea.
action points!
• Attendtoleaksassoonaspossible.
• Iftheleakcan’tbefixeduntilthevesselisalongside,containtheleaksoitdoesn’tspread.
• Don’tleavetemporarycontainmentarrangementsinplaceforlongerthannecessary.
• Neverbypasslimitswitchesonhydraulicgear.Testtheseregularly.
• Makesureguardsareusedtoprotectpeoplefromthehydraulicsystemwhereverpossible.Ifguardsarenotpracticaluseawarningsign.Hydraulicfluidunderpressurecanpunctureskinandcausebloodpoisoning.
• Isolateelectricalandoilsuppliestohydraulicsystemsbeforeyoustartworkonthem.
• Storehydraulicfluidsinthevessels’tanks.Don’tleavedrumsandcontainersofhydraulicfluidonboardifnotabsolutelynecessary.
• Makesureyouhaveanoilspillkitadjacenttowherehydraulicmaintenanceworkisbeingconducted.
• Ifworkingonhydraulicsondeckequipmentplaceragsinfrontofscupperstopreventoilspillingintothesea.
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5.6 HOTWORK
Hotworkisanyworkthatmaygenerateasparkorsignificantheat.Sparksandheatcanignitenearbygasesormaterials.
Themostcommonhotworkonvesselsinvolveswelding,grindingandcuttingoperations.Electricians,upholsterersandothertradesalsouseappliancesthatcouldignitesurroundingmaterialsandgasesthroughheatorsparks.
Hotworkhasledtonumerousfiresonboardvesselsandhasalsocausedexplosionsinsomecases.Treatitseriously.
legal requirementS
• Allvesselsaretoensurethelocalharbourmasterisinformedofanyhotworkthatistobeconductedonboardavesselintheport.
• Ifthecontractorisaregularmarinerepairertheywillbefamiliarwiththisrequirement.Thecontractorwillusuallyinformtheharbourmaster.Oncetheharbourmasterissuesahotworkpermit,workcanstart.
• Itisthevessel’sresponsibilitytomakesurethereisahotworkpermit.Theskippermustcheckthatthecontractorhasthepermitbeforeallowingworktocommence.
danger to nearby flammable goodsSomehotworkoperations,suchasgrindingandcutting,generatesparkswhichsprayoverawidearea.Thesesparkscanignitenearbyrubbishbags,rags,cartonsetc.
Makesureyoucheckbothsidesofthebulkheadordeck.Clearsuchitemsoutofthewayorcoverthemwithaflameproofblanket.Remembertokeepthevessel’sfireblanketaside,incaseyouneedittofightafire.
danger with fumes and gasesSparkscanignitefumescomingfromfueltanks,gasbottles,paintandothersolvents.
Neverallowhotworktobeconducted:• duringfuellingoperations
• ifthereisafueltanklidoff
• iftherearesolvents,oils,paintsorotherflammableliquidsinopenorplasticcontainers(openorclosed)nearby.
always have a fire extinguisher nearby!
WEATHER/SEA CONDITIONS
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6.1 WEATHERCONDITIONS
Smallervesselscanbeplacedindangerwhencaughtinextremelybadweather.Alargeproportionofaccidentsinvolvingsmallvesselsareweatherrelated.Badweathermakestheworkenvironmentonboardthevesselextremelyhazardous.Italsoplacesalotofstrainonthevessel’sstructureandequipment.
Vesseloperatorsshouldalwaysknowandunderstandwhattheweatherisforecasttodo.
marine weather informationMarineweatherforecastsstatewhattheweatherisexpectedtodo.Thisisdoneusingaseriesofmeasures.Theseareoutlinedbelow.
Wave heightWaveheightusedinforecastsreferstothewavesthataregeneratedbythewindintheareathatisbeingreported.Themeasuresusedare:
calm approx.windwaveheight0.1m
Smooth approx.windwaveheight0.5m
Slight approx.windwaveheight1.0m
moderate approx.windwaveheight2.0m
rough approx.windwaveheight3.0m
very rough approx.windwaveheight4.5m
high approx.windwaveheight6.5m
very high approx.windwaveheight8.5m
phenomenal approx.windwaveheight11.0m
SwellSwellisalsoforecast.Swellcomesfromeitheradistantdisturbance,suchasacycloneordepression,ortheswelldevelopsfromwindwavesthathavebeenblowingfromthesamedirectionforalengthoftime.
Swellheightcanbegiveninmetresornamedasfollows:
low Under2.0m
moderate 2–4m
heavy Over4m
average sea and swellTheheightsofbothseaandswellrefertotheaveragefromthetroughtothecrestofthehighestone-thirdofwavespresent.
Occasionalwavesmaybemuchhigher.Aboutonewaveinahundredislikelytoreachhalfashighagain,andoneinathousandtwicethequotedaverage.
Wind speedWindspeedisgiveninknotsandthedirectiongiveniswherethewindcomesfrom.
Warningsareissuedasfollows:
Wind Thewindisexpectedtoexceed33knots(eithersteadyoringusts).
gale Expecttobeabout45knotsasasteadywind,gustscanbe50%higher.
Storm Toabout60knotsasasteadywind,gustscanbe50%higher.
tropical Cycloneisover60knotsbutisonlyusedfor“hurricane’’typetropicalstorms.
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visibility distancefog lessthan1.0nauticalmile fair 3–6nauticalmiles
poor 1–3nauticalmiles good Over6nauticalmiles
AveragevisibilityinNewZealandisabout15nauticalmiles.
Sources of weather informationThetwoeasiestwaysofgettingamarineforecastarebyVHFradioandtelephone.
vhf radioMarineweatherforecastsareannouncedonChannel16at0533,0733,1033,1333,1733and2133hours.
metphone
other sources of forecasts• LocalcoastguardstationsonVHFradio.
• Teletext.
• www.metservice.co.nz.
• Localnewspapers(rememberinformationcanberelativelyold).
• Localradiostations.
• NationalRadioat0500hours.
• AucklandareahascontinualforecastsonChannels20or21.
• WhitiangaareahascontinualforecastsonChannel23.
MetPhone Coastal dial 0�00 ��� + map area number
Brett 60 Chalmers 69Colville 61 Foveaux 70Plenty 62 Puysegur 71Portland 63 Milford 72Castlepoint 64 Grey 73Cook 65 Stephens 74Abel 66 Raglan 75Conway 67 Kaipara 76Rangitata 68 ChathamIslands 78
Special Recreational Marine Forecasts
BayofIslands 090099998AucklandMarine 090099999LakeRotorua 090099918LakeTaupo 090099913KapitiCoast 090099917WellingtonMarine 090099922ChristchurchMarine 090099944
Forfutherinformationorassistance: OrwritetoMetService,POBox722,pleasecalltheMetPhonehelplinetollfreeon: Wellington.Orvisittheirwebsite0800WEATHER(932843) www.met.co.nz
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6773
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6.2 EXTREMESEACONDITIONS
dangers in extreme seasSevereseasofanykindaredangerousifyouarenotprepared.Youshouldtakespecialcareinthefollowingsituations.
Inbeamseas,excessiverollcancausecargotoshift,creatingadangerouslist.Thiscouldcausethevesseltocapsize.Strongbreakingwavescouldalsocapsizethevessel.
Infollowingseas,avesselmaylosestabilityonawavecrest.Ifthevesselisovertakenbyawavecrest,broachingmayoccur.
Inquarteringseas,theproblemsofbeamandfollowingseasarecombined.quarteringseasrepresentthemostdangeroussituationinsevereweather.
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6.3 FOG
Whenencounteringfog,andbeforeyouenterit,youmust:
• plotafixonyourchartormarkyourpositionontheelectronicplotter
• reducespeed(soyoucanstopinhalfthevisibledistance)
• turnnavigationlightson
• postextrawatchkeepers–bysightandhearing–preferablyinthebow
• startsoundingonelongblast(4–6seconds)every2minuteswhilemakingwaythroughthewaterandtwolongblastsevery2minuteswhenstopped.
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6.4 BARCROSSING
BarsaroundthecoastofNewZealandarenotoriousforaccidentsandrequirespecialcare.
BelowareimportantsafetytipsyoushouldfollowBeforeyoucrossthebar.
Before you cross the bar• Checktheweather,tideandbarconditions.
• Contactcoastguardormaritimeradioimmediatelypriortocrossing.
• Ensureadequatestability.
• Battendown.
• Lifejacketsmustbewornandallcrewmustbeawake.
• Approachatmoderatespeed.
• Postalookouttomonitorseaconditionsastern.
• Communicateyoursuccessfulcrossingtocoastguardormaritimeradio.
• Ifindoubt–don’tcross.
• Avoidebbtide.
for more informationReferMaritimeNewZealandBoat Notice 10/2001.ThiscontainstheNational code of practice for bar crossings.CopiesoftheBoat NoticeareavailableontheMaritimeNewZealandwebsite:www.maritimenz.govt.nzorbyphoning0508225522.
TheSeafoodIndustryTrainingOrganisation(SITO)distributesavideo/DVDCrossing the Barwhichillustratesbestpracticeonbarcrossings.ContactSITOon(04)3854005toobtaincopies.
HUMAN FACTORS
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7.1 FATIGUE
Thissectioncovers:
• whatfatigueis
• howtoknowifsomeoneisfatigued
• thingstodotomanagefatigue
• fatiguemanagementplans.
Ifyouaresufferingfromfatigueyouwillnotbeabletodoyourworkproperlyandsafely.Sometimespeopledonotrealisetheyarefatigued.
Fatiguehappenswhenpeople:
• don’tgetenoughsleep
• workveryhard,eitherphysicallyormentally,anddon’thavetimetorecover
• workfortoolong
• workwhenthebodyisprogrammedtosleep(eginthemiddleofthenight)
• can’tsleepwhentheyhavethechance
• havepoorqualitysleep(egsleepmightbeinterrupted,ortheremightbesomethingwrongwiththesleepenvironment–toomuchlight,noise,etc).
Mostpeopleneed7–8hoursofsleepanighttobefullyrested.Most,butnotall,cangetbyon6hoursofunbrokensleepanightforafewnightsuntilthepressureforsleepincreasestodangerouslevels.
Withlessthan6hourssleepanightthepressureforsleepincreasesrapidly.Theriskoffallingasleepormakingamistakealsoincreases.Withlackofsleepthebraintakes“microsleeps”,turningitselfofffromtheoutsideworldforashorttime.Eventuallythiswillturnintocontinuoussleep.Ifpeoplegoforseveraldayswithoutenoughsleep,theyaremorelikelytobeaffectedbyfatigueandtotakelongertorecoverfromthelackofsleep.Thisiscalled“sleepdebt”.
is fatigue a significant hazard on my vessel?Iftheanswertoanyofthefollowingquestionsisyes,fatigueislikelytobeahazardonyourvessel:
• Doesanyoneonthevesselusuallystartworkbefore0700orfinishafter2200?
• Istheworkdayusuallylongerthan12hours?
• Isitademandingworkenvironment(eglotsofnoise,vibration,heatorcold,roughseaconditions)?
• Areworkdemandsunpredictable?
• Isworkingontheboatconstantlyphysicallyormentallydemanding?
• Dopeopleworkingontheboatsaythey’retiredalotoratparticulartimesoftrips?
• Doesthecrewreportfeelingexcessivelytired,orhavehealthproblemsthataffecttheirsleep?
• Doemployeescommutelongdistancestowork?
Theuseofalcoholanddrugscanalsoleadtopeoplefallingasleeporbecomingfatiguedwhentheynormallywouldn’t.
how can i tell if someone is fatigued?Someonewhoisfatiguedwon’talwayslookorfeelfatigued.Ithelpstothinkabouttheamountofsleepapersonhadrecently,andwhatkindofworktheyhavebeendoing.This“history”helpstoidentifyifsomeoneisatriskofbeingfatigued.
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Peoplewhoarefatiguedmight:
• beveryirritable(morethanusual)
• beuncommunicative,orunclearwhentheytalk
• forgetthingsquickly
• beunabletostayfocusedonatask
• bepreoccupiedwithpartsofaproblem,missingwarningsignsandlosing“thebigpicture”
• cutcornerstogetthejobfinished
• takeunusualrisks
• makepoorjudgementsaboutdistance,speedand/ortime
• haveslowreactionstothingsthathappen,orpeopletalkingtothem
• haveslurredormuddledspeech
• beclumsy
• beobviouslysleepy.
legal requirementS
• FatigueisahazardundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992.
• Employershavetotakeallpracticablestepstomanagefatigueasahazard,andneedtoinvolveemployeesinidentifyingfatigueproblemsandhowtocontrolthem.
• MaritimeNewZealandrequireseveryvesselownertodevelopanapprovedfatiguemanagementplanaspartoftheirSSMmanual(iffatigueisasignificanthazardontheirvessel).
how can i manage fatigue on our vessel?Ifpeopleonyourvesselareatriskoffatigue,theskipperwillneedtowriteafatiguemanagementplan.Moreinformationonfatiguemanagementplansisattheendofthissection.
Iffatigueisnotanissueforpeopleonyourvessel,everyoneinvolved(owner,skipperandcrew)shouldagreethatfatiguedoesnotneedtobeactivelymanaged.TheskipperneedstodocumentthereasonsforthisinthevesselSSMmanual.
action points!
• Thereisnorightwaytomanagefatigue–thesolutionsneedtofityourvessel,itsoperation,andyourskipperandcrew.
• Owners,skippers,crew,partnersandsafetyadvisorsshouldbeinvolvedindevelopingfatiguemanagementplans.
• Everyoneshouldlearnaboutfatigue.It’sagoodideaforeveryonetoattendatrainingsessionaboutfatiguemanagement.
• Makesureallcrewregularlyhavetimeoffforsleep.Aminimumof6hourscontinuoussleepinevery24hoursisrecommended(timesleepingisnotthesameastimeoff).
• Takeshortnapswhereverpossible(40minuteand2hournapsarethebesttiming,ifyouwanttoworksoonafterwakingup).
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tipS for SkipperS
• Assesswhetherfatigueisasignificanthazardanddevelopafatiguemanagementplan.
• Regularlyreviewlevelsoffatigueandhowwellyourfatiguemanagementplanisworking.Anytimeyoumonitororreviewtheplan,makeanoteinyourSSMmanual.
• Makesureallcrewhavesomewheredryanddarktosleep.
• Talkaboutfatiguewiththecrew.Makesuretheyknowitishumantogettiredandthatitisbettertoadmititthanhideit.
• Providehealthyfoodandplan“restdays’’sothatcumulativefatiguedoesn’tbecomeaproblem.
• Installwatchkeeperalarms(ifappropriate).
• Makesurepeopleonwatchatnighthaveactivitiestokeepthemactive.
• Providecaffeineandenergydrinkswhichcanhelpkeeppeoplealertforshortperiodsoftime.
• Makesurewatchkeepersfeelcomfortablewakingsomeoneelseiftheygettired.
fatigue management plansAfatiguemanagementplanisanorganisedwayofmanagingfatigueasahazard.Inpractice,agoodfatiguemanagementplanhastwomajorparts:
• whattodoonthevesseltomanagefatigue
• whattheownerorskipperhastodotokeepaneyeonhowtheplanisimplementedandensureit’suptodate.
Theowner,skipperandcrewshouldworktogethertodevelopthefatiguemanagementplan.Everyonehasdifferentjobdemands,andexperiencesfatiguedifferently.
Yourplanneedstoshowthatyouhavethoughtabout:
• whypeoplearegettingfatigued
• howyoucanstopithappening
• howyoucanminimiseoreliminateit.
Youalsoneedtoconsiderhowyouwilldealwithsomeonewhoisfatiguedanddocumentthisinyourplan.
Thefatiguemanagementplanshouldbeputupwhereeveryonecanseeandreadit.Alaminatedsheetonthebridgeandinthecrewmessisagoodwaytodothis.DetailsonhowtheplanwillbemonitoredandkeptuptodateshouldgoinyourSSMmanual.
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Thissectioncovers:
• whatstressis
• whatcausesstress
• howtoknowifsomeoneisstressed
• thingstodotomanagestress.
Somestressisgoodforus.However,ifwehavetoomanychallenges,wemaybecomestressedandnotcopewell.Weneedtherightbalance.Whetherstressis“good’’or“bad’’dependsontheindividual.Asageneralrule,stresswhichcontinuesforalongtimewillbebadformostpeople.
Workplacestressiswhensomeonebecomesawarethattheyarenotabletocopewiththedemandsoftheirwork,andtheyhaveanegativeemotionalresponsetothatawareness.
Stressorsarethingsthatleadtosomeonefeelingtheyareunabletocopewitheitherphysicalorpsychologicaldemands.Stressorscanarisebecauseof:
• thenatureofthejob
• thewaytheworkisorganised.Thiscanincludephysicalfactors(suchascold,wetness,noiseetc)aswellasphysiologicalfactors(suchasshiftwork,lackoftimetorestetc)
• excessiveworkdemandssuchasunrealisticdeadlines
• personalfactorssuchashealthstatus,relationships,abilitytocopewithdifficultsituationsetc.
is stress a significant hazard on my vessel?Legallyanemployerisrequiredtotakeallpracticablestepsonlyforthosecircumstancesthattheyknoworoughtreasonablytoknowabout.Ifsomeonesaystheyarestressed,orareactinginsuchawaythatmostpeoplewouldagreetheywerestressed,thenyouneedtodosomething.
Thesituationoneachvesselwillbedifferent.Todecideifstressisasignificanthazard,youshouldconsiderthefollowingquestions:
• Istheworkemotionallydrainingorunpleasant?
• Doestheworkrequireintense,prolongedconcentration?
• Wouldamistakehavemajorconsequences?
• Istheworkinherentlyhazardous?
• Istheworkloadunrealistic?
• Istheworktoohardfortheperson?
• Aretherefactorssuchaspersistentbullyingintheworkplace?
• Arepeopleseparatedfromtheirfamiliesand/orfriendsforlongperiodsoftime?
• Arepeopleforcedtobothliveandworkincloseconfineswithpeopletheymaynotnecessarilygetalongwellwith?
how can i tell if someone is stressed?Stressisacomplexissue.Notwopeoplewillreactinexactlythesamewaytosituations.Ownersandskippersneedtowatchforsignsofstressinpeoplewhoareworkingontheirvessel.Crewneedtotelltheskipperorownerwhenthey’refeelingstressed,andknowthateverythingpossiblewillbedonetodealwiththesituation.
7.2 STRESS
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Peoplewhoarestressedmightshowsomeofthesesigns:
• notbeingawareofsafetyissuesorputtingthemselvesintoharm’sway
• being“down’’,anxious,irritableorclinicallydepressed
• losingconfidence,talkingaboutsleepingbadly,havingslowreactionsorbehavingoddly
• notbeingabletogetalongwithpeopletheyusedtoworkwellwith
• beingirritableorindecisive,orperformingpoorlyandmakingmoremistakes
• drinkingmorealcoholthanusualorusingrecreationaldrugs
• complainingabouttheirhealth,eghavingfrequentheadaches.
legal requirementS
• StressisahazardundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992andmustbemanagedlikeanyotherhazard.
• Thelawonlyrequiresemployerstomanageworkstressorsortheindividual’sstressedsituationwhentheycanbereasonablyexpectedtoknowaboutthestress.
• Crewshouldbeinvolvedinidentifyingstressproblemsandsuggestwaystocontrolthem.
• Thereneedtobesystemsinplacetoassessanddealwithidentifiedstress,whateverthesource.
• Employeesmusthaveconfidencethatiftheyreportstresssomethingwillbedoneaboutit.
• Employershavenodirectcontrolover,norresponsibilityfor,non-workfactors.However,ifanemployerknowsaboutnon-worksourcesofstress,stepsmayneedtobetakentopreventharmwherethesafetyofpeopleintheworkplace–theemployeeincluded–maybeanissue.
how do i manage stress as a hazard?
for all crew• Identifyareasoftheworkthatareinherentlystressful.Refertothelistofstressorsatthebeginning
ofthissection.
• Workwiththeskippertofigureouthowtoeliminateorreducetheimpactofthosestressors.
• Learnwaysthathelpyoutomanageyourownstresslevels.
• Tellyourskipperwhenstresslevelsgettoohigh.
for the skipper• Makesureworkpracticesonthevesseldonotcauseunnecessarystress.Havesystemsinplaceto
dealwithcrewmemberstress.Youarenotrequiredtomonitorallyourcrewmembers’stresslevelsallthetime.Youarerequiredtoputthingsinplacetominimisestressandifacrewmembersaystheyarestressedyouneedtotakethisseriously.
• Wherepossible,createclearworkroutinesandoperatingproceduressothereisamorepredictableworkenvironment.
• Ifacrewmemberisconsistentlyunabletocarryouttheirworkbecauseofnon-workstressfactors,managethisasyouwouldanyperformanceissue.Talktothecrewmemberaboutyourconcernsandworkoutawaytoresolvethesituationifpossible.Rememberyouonlyhavetotake“allpracticablesteps’’todealwiththehazard.
• Beawarethatsomeonewhoissufferingfromstressmaybeadangertothemselvesortootherswhileworking.
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• Workouthowyouwillhandleasituationwhereacrewmembertellsyoutheyarestressed.Documentthisandmakesurethecrewknowthereisasysteminplacefordealingwithstressandthateverythingpossiblewillbedonetodealwiththesituationinaconfidentialmanner.
• Considerhowyouwilldecidewhetheracrewmemberiscopingwiththeirworkorwhethertheyareaffectedbystress.Makesureyoutreateachpersonasanindividual,asdifferentpeoplecopewiththingsindifferentways.
• Ensuretherearedifferentactivitiesavailableonboardtoallowpeopletorelaxontheiroffdutyhours.
• Makesurethereisadequatetimeavailableforrest.
• Worktocreateasupportiveenvironmentonboardthevessel.Recognisepeople’sdifferentneedsforspaceandtimetothemselves.
• Carefullyinvestigateanycrewclaimsoffeelingstressedandputinplaceanynecessarymeasurestoreducetheirstresslevels.
• Makesureyouidentifythethingsinthejobthatareinherentlystressful,andtalkaboutthemwithpotentialemployeesbeforeyouofferthemthejob.
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Drugandalcoholabuseonvesselscancauseseriousproblems.Thismakesitaserioushealthandsafetyissue.
Alcoholanddruguseaffects:
• theabilitytomakegooddecisions
• co-ordination
• motorcontrol
• concentrationandalertness.
Thissectioncoverstheuseofalcoholandillegaldrugsonboardthevessel.
Somecrewmembersmayuseprescribeddrugsforhealthconditions.Theskipperneedstoknowaboutthis,andhowtomanageanysideeffectsfrommedicationorfromthehealthconditionrequiringthemedication.
Why is the use of alcohol and other drugs on board vessels a hazard?Thefollowingmayoccurwhenpeopleusealcoholandotherdrugsonboard:
• misuseofmachineryorequipment
• increasedriskofcausingharmofinjurytoselforotheremployees
• fallingfromheights,intoholds,overboard,whileboardingandwhenleavingthevessel
• decreasedskills,poorjudgement,slowerreactiontimes
• inappropriatebehaviour,likefightingorabusivelanguage
• increasedriskoffatigue.
legal requirementS
• AlcoholanddrugsaredefinedintheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992ashazards.
• TheMisuseofDrugsAct1975makesitanoffenceforanyonetoprocure(buyorreceive),orhaveintheirpossession,orconsume,smokeorotherwiseuse,anycontrolleddrug.ItisalsoanoffencetosupplyoroffertosupplyoradministeraClassCcontrolleddrugtoanyotherperson.
• Itisillegaltobringcontrolleddrugsontoavessel.
• Itisalsoillegaltopossessinstruments(pipes,bongs,syringesetc)forthepurposeoftakingillegaldrugs.
• Parentsandguardiansaretheonlypeoplewhocansupplyalcoholtopeopleundertheageof18.
• Ifyouhaveanaccidentorareinjuredwhileundertheinfluenceofalcoholorotherdrugsthismayaffectyourabilitytoclaiminsurance.
7.3 ALCOHOLANDOTHERDRUGS
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action points!
• Ifthereisanoalcoholanddrugpolicyforthevessel,followit.
• Donotbringillegaldrugsonboardthevessel.
• Donotuseillegaldrugsonboardthevessel.
• Ifyouareallowedtodrinkalcoholonthevessel,don’tdrinktoomuchortooclosetowhenyouneedtobereadyforwork.
• Don’tusemachineryorsteertheboatwhenyouareundertheinfluenceofalcoholordrugs.
tipS for SkipperS
• Developapolicyontheuseofalcoholandotherdrugsatwork.Thepolicyshouldapplytoeveryone.Itshouldbedevelopedinconsultationwithcrewandgiventoeachnewcrewmember.
• Makesureeveryonewhoworksontheboatisregularlyremindedofthepolicyontheuseofalcoholandotherdrugsatworkandtheconsequencesofnotcomplyingwithit.
• Itisstronglyrecommendedthattheuseofalcoholandotherdrugsbebannedonboardthevessel.
how do i develop an alcohol and drug policy?Analcoholanddrugpolicyisawaytosetoutwhatyouexpectofallthoseworkingonthevessel.Thepolicyshouldaimtoeliminateorminimisethehazardsassociatedwiththeuseofalcoholandotherdrugsintheworkplace.Developthepolicyinconsultationwithallthosewhoaregoingtobeaffectedbyit.
Thepolicyshouldcoverthefollowingareas:
• whyapolicyisneeded–theimportanceofpreventingharmandmanaginghazards
• scope–thatthepolicycoverseveryonewhocomesonboardtheboat,includingvisitors
• infringements–whatisaninfringement,andwhatwillhappenifsomeonedoesn’tfollowthepolicy
• howtotellwhensomeoneisaffectedbydrugsandalcohol–listthecommonsignsandsymptomsofbeingundertheinfluence
• howtodealwithanintoxicatedperson
• informationandtraining–explainwhattrainingandinformationaroundmanagingthehazardsofalcoholanddrugusewillbegivenandwhatitwillcover
• workplaceinduction–howskippers/crew/visitorswillbemadeawareofthepolicy
• confidentiality–makesureeveryoneunderstandsthatanyactiontakenunderthepolicywillbeconfidentialandhowyouwillensurethishappens
• screening/testing–ifapplicable,explainthecompany’sscreeningandtestingprocedures.
Itisstronglyrecommendedthattheuseofalcoholandotherdrugsonboardtheboatbeprohibited.
Ifalcoholisusedonboardtheboat,analcoholpolicyalsoneedstocover:
• whenitisconsideredappropriatetodrinkalcohol
• acceptablestandardsofworkperformance
• aprohibitiononbeingdrunkonthevessel.
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Thissectionremindsvesselownersandskippersthattheyneedtohavepoliciesinplacewhentheyareenhancingthepassengerexperienceandcomfortbyprovidingfoodandalcoholicbeverages.Examplepoliciesfollowbelow.
7.4 HOSTRESPONSIBILITIES
DRAFTEXAMPLELiquorLicenceOnBoardHostResponsibilityPolicyandStatement
NB This is not a template for your liquor licence policies. It is simply an example of the type of policies you may implement on your vessel. Your policies should be drafted to reflect your vessel and the specific requirements pertaining to your individual vessel and operation.
XYCCOMPANYLIMITEDHOSTRESPONSIBILITYPOLICY
ThemanagementandstaffonboardtheXYCvesselbelievethatwehavearesponsibilitytoprovideanenvironmentthatisnotonlycomfortableandwelcomingbutalsowherealcoholisservedresponsibly.BecauseofthisthefollowingHostResponsibilityPolicyhasbeenimplemented.
Weprovideandactivelypromotearangeofnon-alcoholicdrinks,includinglow-alcoholbeer,fruitjuices,softdrinks,teaandcoffee.Waterisalsoavailablefreeofchargeatalltimes.
Agoodrangeofsnackfoodisalwaysavailable.Menusarevisibleatalltimes.
Itisagainstthelawtoserveminors.Ifweareindoubtastoyourage,wewillaskforidentification.AcceptableformsofproofofagearetheNZdriverlicence,theHANZ18+cardoracurrentpassport.
Patronswhoarevisiblyintoxicatedwillnotbeservedalcohol,willbeaskedtoleavethepremisesandencouragedtotakeadvantageofsafetransportoptions.
Wewillpromotetransportoptionstogetyousafelyhome.
Wewillencouragemorepeopletohavealifesaver(designateddriver).Wewillmakethelifesaver’sjobmoreattractivebyprovidinganinterestingrangeoflow-alcoholandalcohol-freedrinks.
WewillmakesurealltheseservicesarewellpromotedandwilldisplaysignagerequiredundertheSaleofLiquorAct1989.
Wewillmaintainatrainingandmanagementpolicytogiveourstafftheskillsandsupporttheyneedtodotheirjobresponsibly.
Pleasebeourguestandtakeadvantageoftheservicesweoffer.
Hostresponsibilitymakessurethateveryonehasagoodtime,andleavesinsafeshapefortheroadhome.Itcouldsaveourlicence,anditcouldsaveyourlife.
We’reResponsibleHosts.
Signed
XYCCompanyLimited
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HOSTRESPONSIBILITYPOLICYXYCCOMPANYLIMITED
At XYC we are a responsible company and want to ensure that our clients or passengers enjoy their sojourn on the XYC vessel. This policy sets down our guidelines, which we ask all our staff to read and be familiar with, and to implement.
Ourpolicystatementis:
a safe, memorable and enjoyable experience for all who board the Xyc vessel.
Inordertoenhancethepassengers’and/orguests’experienceonthevessel,thefollowingservicesandguidelinesareprovided.
food(Detailherethefullrangeoffoodavailableonthevesselandanymenusprovided.)
low/non alcoholic drinksCoffee,teaandwaterarealsoavailable,withfreshcoffeeanditswonderfularomaalwaystobeattheforefront.Alsoorangejuiceisalwaysofferedonclientfunctionsasanalternativetoalcohol.Splitsarealsosoldbythebottleandareonviewatthefrontofthebar.
minorsAlwaysbealerttoyoungerdrinkers.Ifinanydoubtatall,askpolitelyforidentification,andifnotforthcoming,politelyinformthemthatalthoughtheymaywellbe18,withoutproofwearelegallyandmorallyobligedtodeclinetoservethem.Identificationwillincludephotoidentificationasinpassport,NZdriverlicenceorHANZ18+card,butifinfurtherdoubt,checktheirsignatureagainstthisidentification.Ifindoubt,decline!
intoxicationAllstaffonembarkationofpassengers,andthroughoutthedurationofthesailing,shouldbealertforpotentiallyintoxicatedpassengers.Ifinanydoubt,contactthecaptainpriortoallowingthemtoboard.
TheWellingtonPolicedefinitionofintoxicationis:
“Apersonshouldbeconsideredtobeintoxicatedifatthetimethepersonisobservably affectedbyalcoholandordrugstotheextentthattheirspeech,co-ordinationorbehaviourisclearly impaired.”
continued…
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EXAMPLEPOLICYcontinued
indicators of intoxication
Forapersontobeconsideredslightly,moderatelyorextremelyintoxicated,theWellingtonPoliceconsiderthefollowingindicators:
(Please note: these are a guide so all of these indicators may not be present and other factors may also be considered.)
Slight intoxication–Occasionalslurringorstumblingofwords,becomingloud,clumsy,slowordelayedreactions,glassyeyes,vacantexpression/blankstare,inappropriateactionsorlanguage(egannoying/obnoxious).
moderate intoxication–Slurredspeech,loud/repetitive,difficultyconcentratingorformingwords,occasionalstaggerorstumblewhenwalking,swayswhenstandingstill,bumpingintoorknockingoverthings,lossofeyecontact,inabilitytofocus,tired/sleepylooking,decreasedconcern/awarenessofappearance(egdrink/foodspiltonclothing),strongsmellofalcoholonbreath,argumentative/belligerent,inappropriateactionsorlanguage(egsexualadvances).
extreme intoxication–Veryslurredspeech,losestrainofthought,speechisnonsensicalorunintelligible,significantstaggeringorstumbling,veryunsteadyonfeet(egcan’tremainstill/useswallforsupport),fallingasleep,verydisheveled,verystrongsmellofalcoholonbreath,veryaggressive,actingirrationally.
the most important indicators to consider when making this assessment are speech and co-ordination.
Ifapassengerappearstobeslightlyintoxicated,acloseeyeshouldbekeptonthem.
Ifapassengerappearstobemoderately/extremelyintoxicatedtheyshouldnotbeallowedonboardthevessel.Iftheybecomemoderately/extremelyintoxicatedduringthevoyage,theyshouldnotbeservedanyfurtheralcohol.
Iftheintoxicatedpersoniswithagroup,talktothegroupco-ordinatororafriendoftheintoxicatedpersonandexplainyouractions,askingthemforassistanceetc.Whetheritberefusingtoallowfurtherdrinksorsuggestingacupofcoffeealternativeor,ifallelsefails,requestingandassistingtheintoxicatedpersontodisembarktheferryattheearliestpossibleopportunityandarrangingsafetransporthomeetc.
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ro-ro vehicular rampKeypointstoensurewhenworkingwithaforwardrampdooronavehicularferry:
• Liftingwiresarecheckeddailyforfraying.
• Wiresaregreasedtokeepoutelementssuchassalt.
• Liftingblocksaregreasedthroughgreasenipples.
• Ramppinsandhingesarecheckedforthicknessandmetalfatigue.
• Liftingshacklesarecheckedformetalfatigueandwear.
• Hydraulicliftingramsandoilsealsarechecked.
• Liftingswitchisisolatedfromthepublicbymeansofacoveredbox.
• Travellingvehiclesareawareofaxleloadingmaximums,egmaximumaxleloading10tonneperaxle,thisistobepostedonforwardbulwarksandinoperationalmanual.
• Passengersarekeptawayfromforwardrampwhenworkingthroughsegregationlinesondeckorropesacrossvehiculardeck.
ro-ro vehicular deck passenger and vehicle segregationKeypointstoensurepassengerandcrewsafetyonvehiculardeck:
• Vehiclesaremovedontooroffthevehicledeckpriortoembarkinganddisembarkingpassengers.UsethePAsystemanddeckcrewtoensureeveryonecomplieswiththis.
• Alldeckcrewarewearinghi-visibilityjacketsandappropriatefootwear.
• Whencarryingdangerousgoods(iepetroltankers)nomorethan25personsshallbecarriedonboard.Ensurethatcrew,passengersandmanagementareawareofthelegalrequirementsformaintainingthespecifieddistancebetweenthedangerousgoodsandthepassengers.
• Crewaretoensurethatwhenguidingvehiclesontothedeckeyecontactiskeptwithdriversofvehiclesatalltimes.
• Ensureappropriatesafetysignageisposted,ie“nosmokingonvehiculardeck”,“bewareofslipperydeckwhenwet”,and“mindyourstep”whenmovingfromvehiculardecktopassengerlounge.
action points!
• Whenrampisupensuresafetychainsareon.
• Intheeventofheavyweather,ensuretherampishardupagainstforwardbulwarksandfastenedwithsafetycatchesorriggingscrews.
8.ROLLON/ROLLOFF (RO-RO)FERRIES
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Thissectioncovershigh-speedadventurevesselswherethenatureofthetripexposespassengerstothepotentialhazardofbeingtossedaroundviolentlyintheseat.
• Passengercomfortlevelsandexpectationswilldifferontripsinvolvingthesetypesofvessels.Itisimportanttogetanideaoftheseexpectationsbytalkingwithpassengerspriortodeparture.Theymaythenbeseatedintheboataccordingly.
• Supplywind/sprayjackets.Passengersareusuallydressedaccordingtotheweather,butatspeedthewindchillfactorcanbeaproblem.
• Informpassengersofconditionstoexpect.Ifit’sroughtellthemitisbettertoreschedulethantoputpassengersthroughunduediscomfort.
• Advisepassengersofthebestpositionintheboattosit,egforwardmovesaroundmorewhileafthaslessmovementbutmorespray.
• Ifthevesselhasonlytheskipperandnocrewmembersittingamongstpassengerstoprovideassistance,passengerbodylanguageshouldbeobservedcloselybytheskipperpriortocommencingthetrip.Includeindeparturebriefingahandsignalforokandnotsogood.
• Ifcrewed,thecrewmembercanwalktheaisle,chatwithpassengers,andcheckiftheyareenjoyingthemselves.Youcanslowdownandmovepeopletosuit.
• Itisimportantthatthecrewknowthecharacteristicsofthevesselindifferentconditions,egdifferentanglestotheseasuitdifferentboatsbetter.
• Wherepossiblehavebackuptransportavailablefromadestinationsuchasabusorlargerslowerboat.Apassengerwithabadexperienceonyourboatistheonethingyoudon’twant.Mostwillappreciateacompanythatlooksafteritspassengers.
• Rememberyouaredoingthetripdayin,dayout,andforsomepassengersthismaybetheirfirsttimeinaboat.
• Lifejacketsshouldbewornatalltimesduringthetrip.
• Seatbeltsshouldbeprovidedandusedforthesafetyofpassengers.Seatbeltsshouldbeofthetypewhichcanbereleasedeasilyeveninacapsizedposition.
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• Particularattentionshouldbepaidtothesafeuseofgangwaysincludingtyingdownandmovingthemacrossopenspaces.Crewshouldalwaysusethecorrectliftingtechniqueswhenmovingawkwardandheavyobjectssuchasgangwaysquickly.
• Crewshouldalwaysbemindfuloftheirhandsandtrunkwhenberthingvessels.Theyshouldalwaysbeawareofgettingthemselvescaughtbetweenthevesselandwharf.Crewcanbetyingupavesselupto30timesadayandneedtobeawareofcomplacency.
• Vesselhousekeepingishighlyimportant.Linesanddeckequipmentneedtobekeptsecureandtidyatalltimestoensurethesafetyofpassengers.
• Crewneedtobeconstantlyawareoftriphazardsandshouldinformpassengersofloosematting,wetdecks,bulwarksetc.
• Correctproceduresshouldbeadheredtowhenhandlinglinesandtyinganduntyingvessels.
• Crewmembersshouldcarryoutfrequentroundswhilethevesselisunderwaytoensurethesafetyofpassengers.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtothecabinareaandoutsidedeckstoensurepassengersarenotrunningorclimbing.
• Keepaconstantwatchforunusualordangerousbehaviourofpassengerswhomayharmthemselvesorothers.
10.PASSENGERFERRIES
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ThesearevesselsinSSMthatcanbehiredoutbyskipperswhowillusethevesselasapleasurevessel.TheskipperisnotrequiredtoholdthequalificationrequiredbyMaritimeRulesPart31B.
• Itisimportanttoestablishthelevelofexperienceoftheclient,whethertheyaretrainedtoskipperavesselorwhethertheyarecrew,andwhethertheyhaveanyformalqualifications.Thiscanbedonebysimplygettingtheclienttocompleteaparticularsformpriortohiringthevessel.
• Itisimportanttodeterminewhethertheclientisexperiencedinthelocalweatherandseaconditions.
• Anystaffmembersthatarehiredoutwiththevesselshouldweartheappropriatesafetyequipmentatalltimeswhileonthevesselincludingalifejacketandproperfootwear.
• Anextensivesafetybriefingshouldbeconductedbeforetheclientleavesthemarina.Anexampleofabriefingchecklistisonthenextpage.
• Ensuretheskipperwhohirestheboatisawareoftheirresponsibilityforsafetyandpollutionpreventionandisawareofthesafetymanagementsystemdesignedforthevessel.
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eXample:Safetybriefingchecklist
Safety BriefingAll that you are briefed on is in the BOAT MANUAL, which is to be read before you leave the marina.
Locationanduseof:
Lifejackets
Harnesses
Flares
Firstaidkit
Toolbox
Fireextinguishers
Firebuckets
EPIRB
VHF(callinbetween3pm–5pm,callwhen 10minout,channel01,weatherforecast)
– LiferingsandM.O.Blight
– Boathookandfenders
– Batteryswitcheslocation
– Useofdomesticpower
– Controlpanel
Useofgassystem
– Sniffer(whattodoifalarmcomeson)
– Lightstove
– Lightcaliphont
– Remembertoturnbottleoffafteruse
– Nocigarettesmokingwhileinuse!
Bilgeusageandlocation(manualandelectric)
Useoftoilet
– Whatnottoputdownit
– Holdingtank(ifapplicable)
Watertankchangeovervalves(ifapplicable) andfilter
FamiliaritywiththeSoundsandcharts (priorexperience?)
– Surveylimits,egToryChExit
Moorings
– Location
– Howtopickup
– Usage(onlyCharterLinkcharterers)
Startingtheengine(checkfridgeisoff) andchargingthebatteries
Fridgeoperationandhowlongtohaveon
Stoppingtheengine(stopknoblocation andstartbatteryoff)
Warningalarmsontheboat(egbilgeetc), whattodoiftheysound
Morsecontrols(putinneutral)
Emergencysteering(ifapplicable)
Winches,boomandropehandlingsafety
Wateranddieselfillerlocation
Anchoringprocedureandwinchuse
Outboard(ifapplicable)
Appropriatedisposalofrubbish
Weatherawarenessofcurrentconditions
DoubleCove/LongIslandMarineReserve- NoFishingzones–checkchartsB4fishing!
(You could be fined, have tackle confiscated, and the boat could be seized)
HealthandSafetyonvessel–BEAWARE
– Allvesselsurfacesareslipperywhenwet.
– Lifejacketsand/orsafetyharnessesmay berequiredatanytimedependingonthe circumstances.
– Becarefulwhenmovingaboutinsideand ondeck.Usethehandhold,handrailsand safetylines.
– Becarefulofyourheadwhenmovingaround thevessel,insideandout,egdoorways,boom.
– Whenberthingorpullingalongsideanother vessel,ensurefendersaretiedprior.
– Makecertainallpersonsarebriefedonthe appropriateprocedureandtokeephandsand alllimbssafelyinsidetheperimeteroftheboat.
– Werecommendwearingboatshoestoavoid slippinganddamagetofeet.
Rulesoftheroadatsea.
– Givewaytoferryatalltimesandifpassing ALWAYSpassastern.
The skipper is legally responsible for the safety of the vessel and all people on board.
Signed:...............................................................................
Signed:...............................................................................
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GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILTIES
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Everyonewhoworksonboardavesselneedstomakesurethingsaresafe,andthethingstheyaredoing(ornotdoing)donothurtotherpeople.TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992makesthisalegalrequirement.
Thissectionexplainstheresponsibilitiesofeachpersononboardavesselandprovidessomeexamples.
12. DUTIESANDRESPONSIBILITIES
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Theemployeristhepersonwhopaysthewages.Thismightbetheowner,oritmightbetheskipper.Ifyoupaythewages,youneedtotakeallpracticablestepstomakesurethevesselissafeandthatthepeoplewhoworkonorvisitthevesselaresafe.Thismeansyouneedto:
• regularlygothroughaprocessforidentifyinghazards
• makesureanyhazardsareeliminated,isolatedorminimised
• providesuitableprotectiveequipmentandclothingtoallyouremployees
• providesafetyinformationtoallyouremployees
• providetrainingorsupervisiontomakesuretheworkisdonesafely
• keepaneyeonyouremployeestomakesuretheirworkisn’tcausingthemhealthproblems
• providewaysforyouremployeestocontributetohealthandsafety
• maintainaregisterofhazards.
12.1 EMPLOYER/VESSELOWNER (PERSONWHOPAYSTHE WAGES)
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Theskipperisnormallythepersonwhocontrolstheplaceofwork(thevessel).Theskipperisresponsibleforthesafetyofthevessel,equipmentandcrew.Thismeanstakingallpracticablestepstoensureanyhazardsdonotharmanypeoplewhoare:
• lawfullyatworkonthevessel(asemployees,contractorsetc)
• thereascustomersortoundertakeanactivity
• inthevicinityofthevessel.
Theskipperalsoneedstomakesurevisitorstothevesselaretoldaboutanysignificanthazardsonboard.
12.2 SKIPPER(PERSONWHO CONTROLSTHEPLACE OFWORK)
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CrewwhoarepaidwagesaredefinedasemployeesundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992.Asanemployee,youcanexpectthatyouremployerwillmakesurethevesselissafe.Youalsohavethingsyouneedtodo.Theseare:
• Makesureyoudoeverythingyoucantoensurethevesselissafeforworkingon.
• Makesurenothingyoudo,ordon’tdo,harmsanyoneelse.
• Usetheprotectiveequipmentandclothingthateitheryouoryouremployerprovides.
• Don’tdoworkwhichisunsafeorinvolvesunsafepractices.
• Makeunsafeworksafeor,ifyoucan’t,tellyoursupervisorortheskipper.
• Knowaboutandfollowtheboat’shealthandsafetypracticesandprocedures.
• Co-operateinthemonitoringofhazardsandofyourhealth.
• Reportallhazards.
12.3 CREW(PEOPLEWHOARE PAIDWAGES)
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Ifyouareself-employed,youmust:
• makesurenothingyoudoatworkharmsyourselforanyoneelse
• makesureyoutakehealthandsafetyintoaccountwhenyouplanyourworkactivities
• keeparecordofaccidentsandincidentscausedbyyourworkthatharmedormighthaveharmedeitheryourselforsomeoneelse.ReportthesetoMaritimeNewZealandwithin7days.
12.4 SELF-EMPLOYED
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Ifyouhireself-employedpeople,youstillhavetomakesuretheyaresafeonthevessel.Youshouldincludehealthandsafetyissuesinyourcontractsandmakesureyoutalkabouthealthandsafetywithyourcontractors.Youalsoneedto:
• makesurenocontractor,subcontractor,oremployeeofthosepeople,isharmedwhiledoingtheworkyouhiredthemtodo
• keepaccidentregisters
• reportaccidentsinvolvingseriousharmtoMaritimeNewZealandassoonaspracticable.
12.5 PRINCIPAL(PERSONWHO HIRESSELF-EMPLOYED PEOPLE(SKIPPEROROWNER))
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Ifyouvisitthevesselinthecourseofyourwork,youaretreatedthesameasaself-employedperson.Youmust:
• makesurenothingyoudoatworkharmsyourselforanyoneelse
• makesureyoutakehealthandsafetyintoaccountwhenyouplanyourworkactivities
• keeparecordofaccidentsandincidentscausedbyyourworkthatharmedormighthaveharmedeitheryourselforsomeoneelse.ReportthesetoMaritimeNewZealandassoonaspracticable
• followtheinstructionsoftheskipperasthepersonincontroloftheplaceofwork.
action points!
• Knowwhichcategoryofdutiesandresponsibilitiesappliestoyouandanypeopleworkingonboardyourvessel.Seekadviceonthisifnecessary.
• Developachecklistforyourdutiesandobligations.Recordonaregularbasisyourunderstandingofhowyouarefulfillingthosedutiesandresponsibilities.
• SeekadvicefromMaritimeNewZealandoryourlawyer.
legal requirementS
• Thedutiesofemployerstoensurethesafetyofemployeesarecontainedinsection6oftheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct).
• Thedutiesofemployersinrelationtotrainingandsupervisionofemployeesarecontainedinsection13oftheHSEAct.
• Thedutiesofaskipperasapersonwhocontrolstheplaceofworkarecontainedinsection16oftheHSEAct.
• Thedutiesofself-employedpeoplearecontainedinsection17oftheHSEAct.
• Thedutiesofprincipalsarecontainedinsection18oftheHSEAct.
• Thedutiesofemployeesarecontainedinsection19oftheHSEAct.
12.6 OTHERPEOPLEWHOVISIT THEWORKPLACEINTHE COURSEOFTHEIRWORK (EGOBSERVERS,COMPLIANCE OFFICIALS,CONTRACTORS)
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Where can i find out more?FormoreinformationonyourrolesandresponsibilitiesundertheHSEActgototheMaritimeNewZealandwebsite–www.maritimenz.govt.nz–orcontactMaritimeNewZealandonfreephone0508225522.
TheInlandRevenueDepartmenthasadviceonitswebsiteabouthowtodecidewhethersomeoneisanemployeeorself-employed–checkwww.ird.govt.nz
AbookletforthemaritimeindustryHealth & safety: a guideisavailablefromMaritimeNewZealand.ThisbookletprovidesdetailedinformationonyourobligationsundertheHSEAct.CopiesareavailablebyphoningMaritimeNewZealandon0508225522.
MANAGING HEALTH AND SAFETY
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ThehealthandsafetysystemsforyourvesseloutlinehowyouplantomeetyourresponsibilitiesundertheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct).Thissectionprovidesfurtherinformationondevelopingandimplementingyoursystems.
legislationSince2003,MaritimeNewZealandhasbeenresponsibleforadministeringtheHSEActforworkonboardvesselsandforvesselsasplacesofwork.MaritimeNewZealandalsoadministerstheMaritimeTransportAct1994(MTAct).Maritimeandmarineprotectionrulesarestatutoryinstruments(orsecondarylegislation)madebytheMinisterofTransportpursuanttotheMTAct.WhiletheMTActstipulatesbroadprinciplesofmaritimelaw,therulescontaindetailedtechnicalstandardsandprocedures.
Generallyspeaking,theMTActandtherulesmadeunderthatActfocusonvessel-relatedsafety,whiletheHSEActfocusesonthesafetyofoperationsandpeopleonboardtheboat.Thereisadegreeofoverlap.
health and Safety in employment act 1992 ThepurposeoftheHSEActistomakeworkactivitiessafeandhealthyforeveryoneconnectedwiththem.
TheHSEActreinforcesthatemployers,orotherpeopleresponsibleforthework,havetheprimaryresponsibilityforhealthandsafetyatwork.TheHSEActalsorecognisesthateveryonewithinaworkplacehasresponsibilitiestothemselvesandothers.Effectivehealthandsafetyintheworkplacerequiresco-operationbetweeneveryoneinvolved.
Safe Ship management Systems (SSm)SSMmakesvesselownersandoperatorsresponsiblefortheday-to-daysafeoperationoftheirvessels.SSMensuresthesafetyofavesselanditscrewismaintainedthroughouttheyearinsteadofjustonanannual“surveyday’’.
SSMcoversconstruction,stability,equipment,operatinglimits,operatingparameters,qualificationsandtrainingofcrew,vesselmaintenanceandemergencyprocedures.Thesystemisreflectedindocumentationwhichiscustomisedforeachindividualvesselaccordingtowhichparticularsystemitfitswithin.ThedocumentationalsocontainsinformationabouthowyouaremeetingyourhealthandsafetyobligationsundertheHSEAct.
legal requirementS
• TheHSEActdoesn’treplaceanydutiesyoumayhaveunderotherpiecesoflegislation.TheexceptiontothisisPartIIoftheMTActwhichwasreplacedbytheHSEActin2003.
• Youarestillrequiredtocomplywithotherlegislation.TherequirementsoftheHSEActhavebeendevelopedinordertointeractconsistentlywithotherlegislativerequirements.InthemaritimesectorthismeansyouarestillrequiredtocomplywiththeMTActandallrelevantMaritimeRules.
• SomeMaritimeRulesalreadyaddresshealthandsafetyissues.TheserulesexistalongsidetheHSEActandaredesignedtoworkwithotherhealthandsafetysystemsandrequirementstomakeasaferworkplace.
13.1 RELEVANTLEGISLATION
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Althoughnotalegalrequirement,it’sagoodideatodevelopahealthandsafetypolicystatementthatisspecifictothevessel,itsoperations,managementandcrew.Thisdocumentsetsthetoneforthecommitmenttohealthandsafety,andshouldbeincludedaspartofyourSSMmanual.Ahealthandsafetypolicycouldcoversome(orall)ofthefollowing:
• Acommitmenttoachievingthehigheststandardsofhealthandsafetyinallaspectsofoperations.
• Seekingcontinuousimprovementinhealthandsafetyperformancetakingintoaccountevolvingemployeeexpectations,managementpractices,scientificknowledgeandtechnology.
• Complyingwithallapplicablelegislationandstandardsand,wherethesedonotexist,adoptingandapplyingstandardsthatreflectcommitmenttohealthandsafety.
• Involvingmanagement,skippers,crewandcontractorsintheimprovementofhealthandsafetyperformance.
• Holdingskippersresponsibleforsafetyintheirareasofsupervisioninthesamewaythattheyareresponsibleforquality,efficiency,maintenance,etc.
• Trainingskipperstocarryouttheirresponsibilitieseffectivelysotheyhaveanunderstandingofhealthandsafety.
• Trainingandholdingindividualemployees/crewaccountablefortheirareaofresponsibility.
• Managingriskbyimplementingmanagementsystemstoidentify,assess,monitorandcontrolhazardsandbyreviewingperformanceonaregularbasis.
• Ensuringallemployeesareinformedofandunderstandtheirobligationsinrespectofthehealthandsafetypolicy.
13.2 DEVELOPINGAHEALTH ANDSAFETYPOLICY
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Peopleonboardthevesselneedtoknowhowtodotheirworksafely.Theemployerisrequiredtoprovideeasilyaccessibleinformationtothecrewabout:
• hazardsonthevessel
• hazardsthatmightarisefromthetypeofworktheemployeeisdoing
• thestepstobetakentominimisethechancesanyonewillbeharmedbythehazards
• wheretofindsafetyclothingandequipment
• howtodealwithanyemergencies.
Informationneedstobeprovidedinawaythatemployeescanunderstand.Thismightbebytalkingtopeople,oritmightincludeprintedinformationusingeasilyunderstoodwords,andmayincludediagrams.
13.3 PROVIDINGINFORMATION
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Safetystartswithselectingthe“right”persontocrewonthevessel.
Itisimportanttonotethatyoucannotdiscriminateagainstsomeoneonthegroundsofadisability/medicalcondition.However,itmayalsobeunlawfulundertheprovisionsoftheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992,forapersontobeplacedinapositionwheretheyarelikelytocauseharmtothemselvesorothers.Ifindoubt,getlegaladvice.
13.4 SELECTIONANDPLACEMENT OFCREW
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Onewayofensuringcrewcancarryoutworksafelyismakingsuretheyhaveadequateknowledge,experienceandtrainingtodowhattheyneedtodo.
Employersmustdowhatisreasonablypracticabletoensurecrewhaveknowledgeandexperienceofrelevantsimilarworkplaces,work,equipmentorsubstances,orthattheyaresupervisedbysomeonewhohasthatknowledgeandexperience.
Employersmustalsoensurecrewareadequatelytrainedinusingthetypesofobjects,substancesandprotectiveclothingandequipmenttheyarerequiredtoworkwith.
13.5 TRAINING
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13.6 INDUCTIONFORVISITORS ANDOTHERS
Everyonewhocomesonboardthevesselneedstoknowaboutthehazardstheymightcomeacrossonboardandhowtheyaremanaged.Youshoulddevelopastandardinductionchecklistforvisitorsthatliststhehazardsandanyactionrequiredofthevisitor.Thiswouldincludelettingthemknowwheretheycan’tgoonthevessel.Tickofftheitemsonthelistasyoutalkaboutthemwiththevisitor.Getthemtosignthelistasproofthatyou’vegonethroughitwiththem.
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13.7 EMPLOYEEPARTICIPATION INHEALTHANDSAFETY
Everyoneneedstoworkco-operativelyandingoodfaithtoestablisheffectivehealthandsafetyarrangementsintheworkplace.
Goodfaithrequiresbeingopenandhonest,andunderstandingthatallinvolvedhavealegitimateinterestinasafeandhealthyworkplace.
Peoplewhocarryoutworkareinagoodpositiontoidentifyactualorpotentialhazardsthatariseinthecourseofthatworkandsuggestwaysthosehazardscouldbemanaged.Allemployershaveadutytoprovidereasonableopportunitiesforthecrewtoparticipateeffectivelyinprocessesforimprovinghealthandsafetyatwork.
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13.8 PEOPLEWHOARENOT EMPLOYEES
Employersalsohaveadutytopeoplewhoaren’ttheiremployees.Theemployermusttakeallpracticablestepstoensuretheactionsorinactionofanemployeewhileatworkdoesn’tharmanyotherperson.Thatincludesadutytostopanyonebeingharmedthrough“skylarking’’orotheractionsorinactionwhereitisreasonablyforeseeablethatharmwillbecausedtoanother.Itisn’tenoughtojusthaverulesorprocedures–theyneedtobeenforced.Wheresomeonenotfollowingtherulesorprocedurescouldhaveseriousconsequences,thereneedstobeback-upplansinplace–justincase.
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13.9 SYSTEMAUDITING
Anysystemthatisputinplaceneedstoberegularlyreviewedtomakesureitiseffectiveandcomprehensive.Itneedstofullymeettherequirementsofthelawtohaveasafeandhealthyworkplace.Youshoulddothisinasystematicway–perhapshavealistofthepartsofthesystemandreviewoneeachmonth.Youneedtowritedownthedetails,theresultsofthereview,andanyactionthatistaken.KeepthiswithyourSafeShipManagement(SSM)manual.
legal requirementS
• TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992specifiesinsomedetailtherequirementsformaintainingahealthyandsafeworkplace.
• TheMaritimeTransportAct1994andtheMaritimeRulescontainrequirementswhicharespecifictothemaritimesector.
• YourSSMmanualalsocontainsrequirementswhicharerelevanttohealthandsafetyandthereforemustbefollowed.
action points!
• Developahealthandsafetypolicythatmakescleartoeveryoneonboardthevesselwhatyourcommitmenttoahealthyandsafevesselis.
• Yourhealthandsafetysystemisthedetailofhowyouplantomeetyourobligationstoprovideasafeandhealthyworkplace.Youshouldwritedownhowthisisgoingtohappenandmakesureyouaredoingwhathasbeendocumented.
• Makesureyouregularlyauditthesystemtocheckthatitiseffective,andallyourresponsibilitiesarebeingmet.WritedowntheresultsoftheauditinyourSSMmanual.
• Decidehowyou’regoingtomakesurepeopleonthevesselfollowyourrulesandprocedures,andwhatyou’regoingtodoiftheyaren’tfollowed.
• Makesureeveryonehasenoughinformationandtrainingtobeworkingsafely.
• Choosetherightpeopletobepartofyourcrew.
• Developastandardinductionchecklistforusewithvisitors.Getitsignedbythevisitorsonceyou’vegonethroughitwiththem.
• Makesuretheowner,skipperandcrewallhaveopportunitiestobeinvolvedinthedevelopmentandongoingimplementationandmaintenanceofyourhealthandsafetysystems.
• Makesureyouknowyourlegalobligationsinrelationtohealthandsafety.
Where can i find out more?ForfurtherinformationabouttheMaritimeTransportActandtheassociatedmaritimeandmarineprotectionrulescontacttheManager,RulesandInternationalStandards,atMaritimeNewZealand,[email protected]
ForfurtherinformationaboutSSMcontacttheNauticalAdvisor,SafeShipManagement,atMaritimeNewZealand,[email protected]
Ifyouneedassistanceinagreeingonasystemforemployeeparticipationinmanaginghealthandsafetymatters,mediationservicesareprovidedbytheEmploymentRelationsService.ContactthemthroughWorkInfoon0800209020.
HAZARD MANAGEMENT
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Hazardmanagement–identifyinghazardsandmakingsuretheirpotentialoractualimpactsareeliminated,isolatedorminimised–isanimportantwayofmeetingtheobligationsoftheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct).Itisalsoalegalrequirement.
Thissectionprovidesanoverviewoftheprocessyouneedtogothroughtoensureyou’recustomisingthemanagementofhazardstoyourvesselandoperation.
Ahazardisanyactivity,situationorsubstancethatcancauseharm.Thisincludesasituationwhereaperson’sbehaviourmaybeanactualsourceofharmtothemselvesorothers.Hazardscan:
• beactualorpotential
• bephysical,biologicalorbehavioural,includingtemporaryconditionsthatcanaffectaperson’sbehaviour,suchasfatigue,shock,alcoholordrugs
• ariseorbecausedwithinoroutsideaplaceofwork.
Hazardsalsoincludeeventsthatmeancrewareatagreaterriskofcausingthemselvesorothersonboardharm.Theseeventscouldoccurwhenonboardorelsewhereashore.Examplesoftheseeventsare:
• thedesignofshiftsandrosters
• jobswithinherentstressorpressure
• seasonalpeakworkflows
• jobsthatregularlyincludelongdaysbecauseoftravelbefore,afterorduringwork
• beingpartof,orwitnessto,anaccident.
Physicalormentalfatigue,drugs,alcoholandtraumaticshockarespecificallymentionedintheHSEActashazards.
14.1 WHATISAHAZARD?
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ThelegaldefinitionofasignificanthazardisgivenintheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992:
Asignificanthazardisonethatisanactualorpotentialcauseorsourceofoneormoreof:
• Serious harm Thedefinitionofseriousharmisasfollows:
1. Anyofthefollowingconditionsthatamountstoorresultsinpermanentlossofbodilyfunction, ortemporaryseverelossofbodilyfunction:respiratorydisease,noise-inducedhearingloss, neurologicaldisease,cancer,dermatologicaldisease,communicabledisease,musculosketal disease,illnesscausedbyexposuretoinfectedmaterial,decompressionsickness,poisoning, visionimpairment,chemicalorhot-metalburnofeye,penetratingwoundofeye,bonefracture, laceration,crushing.
2. Amputationofabodypart.
3. Burnsrequiringreferraltoaspecialistregisteredmedicalpractitionerorspecialistout patientclinic.
4. Lossofconsciousnessfromalackofoxygen.
5. Lossofconsciousness,oracuteillnessrequiringtreatmentbyaregisteredmedical practitioner,fromabsorption,inhalation,oringestion,ofanysubstance.
6. Anyharmthatcausesthepersonharmedtobehospitalisedforaperiodof48hoursormore commencingwithin7daysoftheharm’soccurrence.
• harm, the severity of which may depend on how often or how long a person is exposed to the hazard
Thisharmmustbe“morethantrivial”andincludessuchthingsasoccupationaloverusesyndrome.
• harm that cannot be detected until a significant time after exposure Thisincludesdiseasescausedbyexposuretohazardoussubstances,suchasasbestosis,
neurotoxicity,emphysema,andotheroccupationaldiseases.
Thisdefinitionisimportantassignificanthazardsarerequiredtobemanagedinasetway.Hazardsthataren’tsignificantneedtobenotedandre-examinedinthefutureasnecessary,tore-assesswhethertheyhavebecomesignificantastimehaspassed.Theyalsoneedtobemanagedasappropriate–ifthereareeasyorobviousthingsthatcanbedonetoreducethehazard,youshoulddothem.
Assessingifahazardissignificantisamatterforthejudgementoftheemployer(andshouldinvolvediscussionwiththecrewandothersonboardthevessel).Ifyouidentifyahazardandthendecideitisn’tsignificant,youshouldrecordthereasonswhyyoubelieveitisnotsignificant.Youshouldalsowritedownwhenyouwillre-lookatthehazardtoensureithasn’tbecomesignificantovertime.
14.2 WHENDOESAHAZARD BECOMESIGNIFICANT?
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Hazardidentificationmeansworkingoutandthenwritingdownthehazardsonyourvessel.
Everythingonthevesselandthathappenswhenworkingonthevesselneedstobelookedatasapotentialhazard.Aregularprocessforhazardidentificationneedstobefollowed.Theprocessmustbesystematicandthorough.HowyouhaveidentifiedandassessedhazardsshouldbewrittendownandkeptasarecordinyourSSMmanualtoshowyouaremeetingyourobligations.Waysofidentifyinghazardsinclude:
• goingaroundandinspectingthevesselandequipment
• analysingtheworkthatneedstobedoneonthevesselandhowit’sbeingdone
• reviewingpreviousaccidents(includingnearmisses)andlookingatwhathappenedandwhy.
TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992requiresemployerstogiveemployees(egtheskipperandcrew)reasonableopportunitiestobeinvolvedinallpartsofthehazardmanagementprocess,includingidentificationofhazards.
Youneedtoreviewyourhazardidentificationmethodsregularlytomakesurethey’reeffective.Forexample,ifanaccidenthappensastheresultofahazardyouhadn’tidentified,thinkaboutwhyyoursystemdidn’tpickitupandhowyoucanmakesurethereisn’tanythingelsethathasn’tbeenpickedup.
14.3 HAZARDIDENTIFICATION
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Wherehazardsarepotentiallyharmfultopeopleonthevessel,theemployerisrequiredtotakeall practicable stepstoprovideasafeandhealthyenvironment.Theemployer’sresponsibilityonlyextendstomatterstheycanreasonablybeexpectedtorecogniseorbeawareof.
Everyoneonboardthevesselsharesintheresponsibilitytorecogniseandmanageproblemsthemselvesandthisincludeshandlingnon-workissuessensibly.
Hazardsneedtobeassessedtodeterminewhetherornottheyaresignificant.
TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992describesahierarchyofactionsformanagingsignificanthazards.Hazardsthatarenotsignificantmuststillbemanaged,andthisprocessmaybeusefulformanagingthosehazardsalso.
Thepreferredactionistoeliminatethehazard,bychangingthingssothatthehazardnolongerexists.Thismightinclude,forexample,relocatingequipmentorinstrumentswhichrestrictforwardvisibility,orreplacingahazardoussubstancewithonethatisharmless.
Ifthiscan’tbereasonablydone,youshouldisolatethehazard,byputtinginplaceaprocessormechanismthatkeepsemployeesawayfromthehazard.Thismightinclude:
• permanentlyfixingaguardtocoveradangerouspartofaparticularmachine
• fittinganacousticenclosurearoundnoisymachinery
• puttingareleasabledoorcatchinsideafreezer.
Ifthiscan’treasonablybedone,thehazardmustbeminimised,bydoingwhatcanreasonablybedonetolessenthelikelihoodofharmbeingcausedbythehazardandtoprotectemployees.Thismightinclude:
• providingemployeeswithsuitableprotectiveclothingorequipment
• monitoringemployees’exposuretothehazard
• withtheirinformedconsent,monitoringemployees’healthinrelationtothehazard.
Thisprocessissetoutinatwo-pageformattheendofthissection.
Notallhazardmanagementmethodsare“physical”.Therecanberulesorpoliciesdesignedtoreducetheriskfromthehazard(egthedevelopmentofafatiguemanagementplan).
14.4 HAZARDASSESSMENT ANDMANAGEMENT
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Employers,employees,self-employedpeople,peopleincontrolofworkplaces,andprincipals,arerequiredtotakeallreasonablypracticablesteps,incircumstancestheyknoworshouldreasonablyknowabout,toensuretheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers.
all practicable stepsmeansthosestepsthatitisreasonablypracticabletotake.Astepispracticableifitispossibleorcapableofbeingdone.
Thewordreasonablemeansthatnoteverythingthatishumanlypossibleneedstobedone.Instead,itisonlynecessarytodowhatareasonableandprudentpersonwoulddointhesamesituation.
Whenassessingifastepisreasonablethefollowingneedstobetakenintoaccount:
• thenatureandseverityofanyinjuryorharmthatmayoccur
• thedegreeofriskorprobabilityofinjuryorharmoccurring
• howmuchisknownaboutthehazardandthewaysofeliminating,isolatingorminimisingthehazard
• theavailabilityandcostofsafeguards.
Thecostsofdealingwithahazardareonlyonefactorindecidingifastepisreasonablypracticable.Costsshouldbemeasuredagainstotherfactors,includingtheriskandseriousnessofharmthatmightoccurifnothingisdone.Ifthereisariskofseriousorfrequentinjuryorharm,spendingagreateramountofmoneytodealwiththehazardisconsideredreasonable.
14.5 WHATDOES“ALL PRACTICABLESTEPS”MEAN?
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Seethetwo-pageformprovidedinthissection.
legal requirementS
• TheHealthandSafetyinEmploymentAct1992(HSEAct)requiresemployerstosystematicallyidentifyhazardsandtosystematicallymanagesignificanthazardsbyeithereliminating,isolatingorminimisingthemandthendevelopingandmaintainingemergencyprocedures.
• Hazardsthataren’tsignificantstillneedtobemanagedtomakesurethevesselissafeandworkingonthevesselissafe.
• TheHSEActrequiresemployerstogiveemployees(egthecrew)reasonableopportunitiestobeinvolvedinallpartsofthehazardmanagementprocess.
• Whereappropriate,employersmustprovidesuitableprotectiveclothingandequipmenttoprotectpeoplefromhazards.Theyalsoneedtoprovidetraininginitsuseandmakesureitiswornorused.
• Maintainahazardregister.
action points!
• Setuparegularsystemforidentifyinghazards.Schedulethisintoyourworkroutines,includingregularlylookingatwhetherthewaysinwhichyou’recontrollinghazardsisworking.
• Emphasisetoeveryoneonboardthevesselthatitistheirresponsibilitytoadvisetheskipperofanyhazardstheyfindonthevessel.
• Setupregularmeetingswiththecrewtotalkabouthazardsandhowtheycanbemanaged.
• Setupemergencyprocessesforhazardsincasethingsgowrong.
• Regularlyreviewaccidentsandnearmissestohelpyouidentifyanyhazardsyoumighthavemissed.
• Whenyouidentifythingsthatneedtobedonetomanageahazard,makesureresponsibilityfortheactionisclear,andsomeonechecksthatithasbeendone.
• Makesureyouregularlycheckthatpoliciesandproceduresarebeingfollowedandthatyourmanagementofhazardsiseffective.
• Makesureeveryoneonboardhasenoughtrainingandinformationaroundhowhazardsaremanagedonthevessel,andhowtoworksafely,andthatthey’resupervisedwhennecessary.
• Informationneedstobeprovidedinawaythatwillbeunderstood.Thismightbethroughtalkingtopeople,oritmightmeanmakingsurewrittenmaterialisindifferentlanguages,simpletounderstand,andincludesdiagramsorpictures.
• Keeparegisterofallhazardsthatareidentifiedonthevessel.
Where can i find out more?MaritimeNewZealandhasabookletforthemaritimeindustryHealth & Safety: A GuidewhichoutlinesyourobligationsundertheHSEAct,andtheassociatedhazardmanagementprocesses.CopiesareavailablefromMaritimeNewZealandonfreephone0508225522
Tofindoutmoreabouthowtoidentifyandmanagehazards,contactMaritimeNewZealand,onfreephone0508225522,[email protected].
14.6 SIGNIFICANTHAZARD MANAGEMENTWORKSHEET
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part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY ���
SIGNIFICANTHAZARDMANAGEMENTWORKSHEET
Section one: Background
Hazard:
Isthishazardsignificant? Yes No
Whyisthehazardsignificantornotsignificant?
Section two: elimination
Canthehazardbeeliminated? Yes No
Ifyes,listthestepstoachievethis,allocateresponsibility,thengotoSectionFive:
Step timeline responsible
Ifno,whynot?
Testyourreasonsagainstthe“allpracticablesteps”requirement.
Section three: isolation
Canthehazardbeisolated? Yes No
Ifyes,listthestepstoachievethis,allocateresponsibility,thengotoSectionFive:
Step timeline responsible
Ifno,whynot?
Testyourreasonsagainstthe“allpracticablesteps”requirement.
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part three:GENERAL INFORMATION ON HEALTH AND SAFETY���
Section four: minimise
Listthestepsyouwilltaketominimisethelikelihoodofharmfromthehazard:
Step timeline responsible
Listtheequipmentandclothingthatarerequiredtoprotectemployeesfromtheharm:
equipment/clothing timeline for provision responsible
Section five: review and monitoring
Haveyoutestedyouranswersagainstthe“allpracticablesteps”requirement? Yes No
Howwilltheemployees’exposuretothehazard,andtheirhealthinrelationtotheexposure,bemonitored?
monitoring step timeline responsible
Howandwhenwillyoureviewthesuccessofyourcontrolmeasures?
review step timeline responsible
Wereemployeesinvolvedinthishazardmanagementprocess? Yes No
Ifno,whynot?
Section Six: Sign-off
VesselName:
Nameofpersonfillingoutthissheet:
Position: Date:
SAFETY GUIDELINES PASSENGER AND NON-PASSENGER VESSELS
Published by:Maritime New ZealandPO Box 27006Wellington 6141New Zealandwww.maritimenz.govt.nz
2007 Maritime New Zealand
ISBN – 978-0-478-18852-3
AcknowledgmentMaritime New Zealand acknowledges the assistance of the NZ Marine Transport Association in the development of this publication.