SRB 15-01 MAPIRANJE ŠUMSKIH STANIŠTAinnovative-fmp-serbia.com/images/documents/2017-07-18...
Transcript of SRB 15-01 MAPIRANJE ŠUMSKIH STANIŠTAinnovative-fmp-serbia.com/images/documents/2017-07-18...
Implementation of an innovative forest
management planning considering
economic, ecological
and social aspects in Serbia
Implementacija inovativnog planiranja
gazdovanja šumama uz poštovanje
ekonomskih, ekoloških i
društvenih aspekata u Srbiji
Razvoj i uvođenje inovativnog koncepta planiranja gazdovanja šumama uz poštovanje ekonomskih, ekoloških (zaštita od poplava, ledoloma i požara) i socijalnih aspekata u Srbiji W –SRB 15-01
MAPIRANJE ŠUMSKIH STANIŠTA Dr Olivera Košanin, docent-koordinator Dr Milan Knežević, red.prof.Dr Rade Cvjetićanin, red.prof.Dr Marko Perović, docent
Osnovna jedinica – TIP STANIŠTA/STANIŠNI TIP
Pristup u podeli prostora:
• Inovativan
• Detaljan
IMPLEMENTACIJA I TESTIRANJE KONCEPTA na području
GJ“Istočna Boranja“
ZADATAK
1. Razvijena metodologija za mapiranje šumskih staništa (radionica 06.10.– 08.10.2016);
2. Izrada smernica za mapiranje:
3. Izrada mapa šumskih staništa;
Geology Terrain-Form Exposition Area-Proportion Elevation Elev-Range ForestTypes Plot-Inventory
Pozicija pedološkog profila (unknown at the moment)
Geomorphon
Granodiorit Flat terra in Plateau (0°-5°) 2% Planar 0-200 YES/NOpeak Plateau (0°-5°) 1% Col l ine+Submontanous200-500
ridge Plateau (0°-5°) 2% Lower-Montane 500-1000
pit + va l ley Plateau (0°-5°) 3% Montane 1000-1500
Subalpine >1500 Beechshoulder Sunny-s lope 2% Beech-Firspur + s lope <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
spur + s lope > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
hol low <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
hol low > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
foot s lope <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
foot s lope > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
shoulder Shady-s lope 2%
spur + s lope <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%
spur + s lope > 30° Shady-s lope 10%
hol low <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%
hol low > 30° Shady-s lope 10%
foot s lope <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%
foot s lope > 30° Shady-s lope 10%
DEFINISANJE OBLIKA RELJEFA -
Geomorfon Oznaka
vrh 200
greben 300
rame 400
glavica+padina <= 30° 560
glavica+padina > 30° 564
uvala <= 30° 700
uvala > 30° 704/740
podnožje padine <= 30° 800
podnožje padine > 30° 804/840
jama+dolina 900
Tabela 2. Klasifikacija reljefa prema geomorfonima
Ekpozicije :
• Tople: SE, S, SW, W;
• Perelazne: do 12,5°;
• Hladne: N, E, NE, NW;
Totalna insolacija (15. 05-15.09):
• Osunčano 925 - 2000 kWh/m²;
• Prelazno 825 - 925 kWh/m²;
• Zasenjeno 0 - 825 kWh/m².
1. ZONE RASTA
Interpolacijom podataka sa 10 meteoroloških stanica u Srbiji korišćenjem programa Climate EU v4.3 (Wang, T. and
Hamann, A. 2012) dobijeni su sledeći podaci :
Zona rasta Nadmorska visina
(m)
Prosečna godišnja
temperatura (°C)
Prosečna temperatura
u vegetacionom
periodu (°C)
Prosečna
temperatura
januara (°C)
Nizijska zona 0 -100 12,24 18,50 1,70
Brdska zona 100 - 600 10,54 16,70 0,09
Niža planinska zona 600 - 1200 7,41 13,40 -0,63
Viša planinska zona 1200 - 1500 4,84 10,80 -2,24
Subalpijska zona 1500 - 1800 3,13 8,97 -6,89
Alpijska zona Iznad 1800 -0,01 5,70 -9,84
Tabela 1. Zone rasta u Srbiji
1. ZAVISE OD : RELJEFA, KLIME I VEGETACIJE;
2. MENJAJU SE NA: lokalnom i regionalnom nivou;
3. OBUHVATAJU: obuhvataju lokalitete sa sličnim toplotnim režimom ;
4. IZDVAJAJU SE U: horizontalnom i vertikalnom pravcu;
5. REGIONALNE ZONE RASTA: GEOGRAFSKI POLOŽAJ I NADMORSKA VISINA;
6. LOKALNE ZONE RASTA: OBLICI RELJEFA, NAGIB TERENA I INSOLACIJA;
Sr. god. temperature
(°C)
Sr. temperatura u
veg. per. (°C)
Sr. temperatura
januara (°C)
Prema zonama rasta
interval interval interval
6,13 8,98 12,1 15,05 -0,27 -1,44
Krupanj (283m) 7,60 9,20 11,30 13,10 0 -1,2
Tabela 2: Uporedni prikaz prosečnih temperatura
1. ZAVISE OD : RELJEFA, KLIME I VEGETACIJE;
2. MENJAJU SE NA: lokalnom i regionalnom nivou;
3. OBUHVATAJU: obuhvataju lokalitete sa sličnim toplotnim režimom ;
4. IZDVAJAJU SE U: horizontalnom i vertikalnom pravcu;
5. REGIONALNE ZONE RASTA: GEOGRAFSKI POLOŽAJ I NADMORSKA VISINA;
6. LOKALNE ZONE RASTA: OBLICI RELJEFA, NAGIB TERENA I INSOLACIJA;
1. ZONE RASTA
2. VODNI REŽIM1. UTIČE: reljef, klima, vegetacija i zemljište (podzemne vode);
2. PREDSTAVLJA: količinu vode kojom raspolaže jedno stanište;
3. ODREĐEN JE: klimatskim vodnim balansom/CWB i AWC zemljišta;
4. AWC predstavlja: količinu vode koju jedno zemljište može da sadrži u
zoni korenovog sistema u poljskim uslovima;
5. AWC zavisi od: osobina zemljišta - dubine, mehaničkog sastava i
sadržaja skeleta;
Klimatski vodni balans (CWB):
1. padavina (mm) – met.stanice;
2. potencijalne evapotranspiracije (mm);
CWB = P - ETpot
Potencijalna evapotranspiracija (ETpot):
• zavisi od velikog broja faktora;
• većina parametara nije dostupna za svako područje;
• nije pogodna standardna Penman-Montheith-formula;
• pogodna je Turc-ova metoda (Turc, 1963) koja koristi:
temperaturu vazduha i insolaciju ;
ETpotTurc= 0,013*(Tave/Tave+15)*(Rs+50)
Izračunavanje AWC
AWChorizont = (AWCtab * sadržaj skeleta [%]/100) * dubina [dm]
AWCprofil = AWChorizont_n1 + AWChorizont_n2 + ... AWChorizont_n
AWC [mm] AWC klase
1 – 10 1
10 - 25 2
25 - 45 3
45 - 65 4
65 - 95 5
95 - 130 6
> 130 7
1. PREDSTAVLJA: količinu vode
koju jedno zemljište može da
sadrži u zoni korenovog sistema
u poljskim uslovima;
2. ZAVISI OD:
• dubine,
• mehaničkog sastava;
• sadržaja skeleta;
3. ODREĐUJE SE: terenskih
proučavanja;Tabela 3. Klase AWC
2. ODREĐIVANJE WBLAWC i korekcije pomoću geoma, insolacije i klase padavina (količina padavina leti)
2. KLASA PADAVINA
300 m 120,60 98,00 78,50 297,10
400 m 126,40 101,20 81,60 309,20
500 m 132,20 104,40 84,70
321,30
600 m 137,90 107,70 87,70 333,30
700 m 143,60 111,00 90,80 345,40
800 m 149,40 114,20 93,90 357,50
850 m 152,30 115,80 95,40 363,50
RRwarm [mm] Klase padavina
<300 1
300 - 450 2
450 - 600 3
600 - 750 4
> 750 5
Tabela 5. Klase padavina korištene za određivanje WBL
Meteorološke stanice:
• Loznica (121m NV);
• Krupanj (280 m NV);
• Planina (560 m NV);
Ineterpolacija podataka:
pros. količina padavina leti na
svakih 100m;
Tabela 4. Količina padavina u letnjim mesecima (jun, jul, avgust) na
100 m NV za Boranju
Određivanje WBL
TI sun Tisr Ti hl
RrWa
rm
geo
m 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 9
viš
e o
d 1
30
mm
200 3 1 1
300 1 1 2
400 5 2 4 1
560 9 1 1 9
564 2 3
700 3 1 3
740 1 1 1
800 3 1 4
900 1 1Total 12 16 1 3 2 1 1 7 22 1
geom TiS Tin Tih
200 6 6 7
300 6 6 7
400 6 7 7
560 7 7 8
564 6 7 8
700 7 7 8
740 6 7 8
800 7 8 8
900 7 8 8
Tabela 6. Transfer tabela za GJ“Istočna Boranja“
Tabela 5. Medijane (polja označena zelenim)/minimizuje uticaj spoljnih činilaca
© UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH
Tabela 7. Klase WBL
WBL Klase Vodni deficit
1 Ekstremno suvo Veoma dugi periodi pojave vodnog deficita
2 Veoma suvo Dugi periodi pojave vodnog deficita
3 Suvo Duži periodi pojave vodnog deficita
4 Srednje suvo Povremeno u dužim periodima vodnog deficita
5 Malo vlažno U kraćim periodima vodnog deficita
6 Umereno vlažno Povremeno u kraćim periodima pojava vodnog deficita
7 Vlažno Retko pojava vodnog deficita
8 Vrlo vlažno Vrlo retko pojava vodnog deficita
9 Ekstremno vlažno Ekstremno retko pojava vodnog deficita
17
3. Određivanje nutritivnog režima(zemljište, vegetacija)
Rich – bogata
Rich – medium – umereno bogata
Medium - umerena/mezotrofna
Medium poor – umereno siromašna
Poor - siromašna
1. pH vrednost;
2. Matični supstrat
3. Trofični nivo-vegetacija
GEOM rich rich-medium medium medium-poor poor
200 3
300 5
400 14
560 16 2
564 2
700 4
800 8
804 6
900 1
Slika 9. Šema za klasifikaciju nutritivnog režima Tabela 15. Frekvencija klasa zasićenosti bazama
1. Umereno vlažno – srednje obezbeđeno stanište planinske šume bukve - Planinska šuma bukve
(Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);
2. Vlažno - srednje obezbeđeno stanište planinske šume bukve - (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović
1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn);
3. Vrlo vlažno – srednje obezbeđeno stanište planinske šume bukve - (Fagetum montanum B.
Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);
4. Vrlo vlažno – siromašno stanište planinske šume bukve - (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953;
Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);
5. Ekstremno vlažno – siromašno do srednje obezbeđeno stanište planinske šume bukve -
(Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);
Orografsko-edafski ulovljene:
1. Šuma bukve sa bekicama (Luzulo-Fagetum Mišić&Popović (54)1978 – kiselost;
1. Planinska bukova šuma sa vijukom (Festuco drymeiae-Fagetum) Mišić 1972 –
skeltnost, lak mehanički sastav, tople ekspoicije;
Tipovi staništa (Tomić, 2004)
AKTUELNA VEGETACIJA1. Nalazi se u vezi sa aktuelnim stanišnim uslovima;
2. Frekvencija pojavljivanja vrsta je u korelaciji sa padavinama i potencijalnom evapotranspiracijom;
3. Ekološke amplitude vrsta drveća: nije urađena na osnovu analize staništa jer se radi o homogenom
staništu, dominira bukva;
Grafikon 1. Ekološka diferencijacija vrsta Lakušić (1989)
VRSTA NADMORSKE VISINE (m)
Abies alba > 700
Picea abies > 700
Picea omorika > 500
Pseudotsuga menziesi sve nadmorske visine
Pinus sylvestris > 300
Pinus peuce > 700
Pinus strobus > 300
Juniperus virginiana < 500
Betula pendula > 700
Alnus incana > 700
Fagus moesiaca sve nadmorske visine
Quercus petraea < 700
Castanea sativa < 500
Carpinus betulus 300-700
Populus tremula > 300
Tilia platyphyllos > 300
Robinia pseudoacacia sve nadmorske visine
Acer tataricum < 700
Acer campestre < 700
Acer platanoides > 500
Fraxinus excelsior sve nadmorske visine
VRSTA VRSTA
Pinus nigra Quercus frainetto
Pinus heldreichii Populus alba
Pinus mugo Populus nigra
Juniperus communis Salix alba
Juniperus oxycedrus Tilia tomentosa
Alnus glutinosa Tilia cordata
Betula pubescens Acer pseudoplatanus
Carpinus orientalis Acer heldreichii
Ostrya carpinifolia Acer monspessulanum
Quercus pubescens Fraxinus ornus
Quercus robur Fraxinus angustifolia
Quercus cerris
Predviđanja
Analize limita vrsta pod različitim regionalnim, klimatskim, pedološkim i dr. uslovima..
2016 ?
4. ZAKLJUČAKMapiranje šumskih staništa:
1. koncepti za brzo prikupljanje i regionalizaciju osnovnih ekoloških informacija za održivo gazdovanje
prirodnim šumama;
2. Formiranje jedinstvene baze podataka koja omogućava primenu IT metoda i rešenja;
3. Poboljšanje osnova za donošenje odluka za ciljno održivo i prirodi blisko gazdovanje šumama;
4. Nova, fleksibilna metoda kartiranja šumskih staništa, prilagođena dinamičnim promenama stanišnih
faktora;
5. Redovna i brza razmenu informacija između korisnika;
6. Predviđanja u slučaju promene klime, analiza aktuelnih limita vrsta pod različitim regionalnim klimatskim i
pedološkim uslovima;
7. Identifikacija postojećih ekoloških limita vrsta drveća, optimalno u prirodi bliskim uslovima;
8. Kvantifikacija tih limita u formi formula koje opisuju odnos između stanišnih faktora
9. Korišćenje tematskih mapa stanišnih faktora da bi se stavile u odnos sa detektovanim ekološkim limitima
vrsta drveća.
• Otvoren veliki broj pitanja;
• gruba;
• nije dovršena;
• nedostaju uputstva za rad na terenu
Mape šumskih staništa:
• mala površina (2000ha);
• jedna geološka podloga;
• jedna zona rasta;
Ekološke amplitude vrsta drveća: nije urađena na osnovu analize staništa jer se radi o homogenom staništu,
dominira bukva;
Potrebna dalja istraživanja
Implementation of an innovative forest
management planning considering
economic, ecological
and social aspects in Serbia
Implementacija inovativnog planiranja
gazdovanja šumama uz poštovanje
ekonomskih, ekoloških i
društvenih aspekata u Srbiji
Implementation of an innovative forest management planning considering economic, ecological and social aspects in Serbia
(ProjektID W-SRB 15-01)
SITE MAPPINGOlivera Košanin, PhD, assistant proffesorMilan Knežević, PhD, full proffesorRade Cvjetićanin, PhD, full proffesorMarko Perović, PhD, assistant proffesor
Basic unit – Site type
The concept of the division of space:
• Innovative
• Detailed
Implementation and testing of the concept in the
area of MU“East Boranja“
PROJECT ASSIGNMENT:
1. The developed methodology for forest site mapping workshop 06.10.– 08.10.2016);
2. Development of guidelines for forest site mapping;
3. Mapping forest sites;
Geology Terrain-Form Exposition Area-Proportion Elevation Elev-Range ForestTypes Plot-Inventory
Pozicija pedološkog profila (unknown at the moment)
Geomorphon
Granodiorit Flat terra in Plateau (0°-5°) 2% Planar 0-200 YES/NOpeak Plateau (0°-5°) 1% Col l ine+Submontanous200-500
ridge Plateau (0°-5°) 2% Lower-Montane 500-1000
pit + va l ley Plateau (0°-5°) 3% Montane 1000-1500
Subalpine >1500 Beechshoulder Sunny-s lope 2% Beech-Firspur + s lope <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
spur + s lope > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
hol low <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
hol low > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
foot s lope <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
foot s lope > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%
shoulder Shady-s lope 2%
spur + s lope <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%
spur + s lope > 30° Shady-s lope 10%
hol low <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%
hol low > 30° Shady-s lope 10%
foot s lope <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%
foot s lope > 30° Shady-s lope 10%
DEFINING RELIEF FORM
Landscape units Code
Peak 200
Ridge 300
Shoulder 400
Spur+Slope <= 30° 560
Spur+Slope > 30° 564
Hollow <= 30° 700
Hollow > 30° 704
Footslope<= 30° 800
Footslope> 30° 804
Valey+Pit 900
Table 2. Aggregation of the lanscape units with different slopes
Exposure :
• Sunny: SE, S, SW, W;
• Middle: do 12,5°;
• Shadowy: N, E, NE, NW;
Total solar insolation (15. 05-15.09):
• Sunny 925 - 2000 kWh/m²;
• Middle 825 - 925 kWh/m²;
• Shadowy 0 - 825 kWh/m².
1. GROWING ZONE
By interpolation of data from 10 meteorological stations in Serbia, for the 1971-2000. period, using programe Climate
EU v4.3 (Wang, T. and Hamann, A. 2012) the following data were obtained :
Growth zone Elevation
(m)
Mean annual temp.
(°C)
Mean temp. in veg.
period (°C)
Mean temp. in
January (°C)
Lowland zone 0 -100 12,24 18,50 1,70
Hilly zone 100 - 600 10,54 16,70 0,09
Lower mountain zone 600 - 1200 7,41 13,40 -0,63
Higher mountain zone 1200 - 1500 4,84 10,80 -2,24
Subalpine zone 1500 - 1800 3,13 8,97 -6,89
Alpine zone above 1800 -0,01 5,70 -9,84
Table 1. Growth zones in Serbia
1. Depends on the: RELIEF, KLIMATE AND VEGETATION;
2. Changes to: local and regional level;
3. Include: sites with similar thermal regime ;
4. Regional growth zones : altitudes and geographical position;
5. Locally growth zones : relief, inclination and insolation;
Mean ann.
temperature (°C)
Mean temp. in
veg. per. (°C)
Mean temp. in
January (°C)
By growth zones
interval interval interval
6,13 8,98 12,1 15,05 -0,27 -1,44
Krupanj (283m) 7,60 9,20 11,30 13,10 0 -1,2
Table 2: Comparative display of mean temperatures
1. Depends on the: RELIEF, KLIMATE AND VEGETATION;
2. Changes to: local and regional level;
3. Include: sites with similar thermal regime ;
4. Regional growth zones : altitudes and geographical position;
5. Locally growth zones : relief, inclination and insolation;
1. GROWING ZONE
2. WATER REGIME1. DEPENDS ON THE : relief, klimate, vegetation and soil (underground water);
2. REPRESENTS: the amount of water that has a habitat ;
3. DETERMINED BY THE : Climate water balance/CWB and available water
capacity/AWC; AWC - the amount of water that one soil can contain in field
conditions in the zone of the root sistem of the plant;
4. AWC - is conditioned by the very properties of the soil: the depth, the mechanical
composition, skeleton content;
Climate water balance(CWB):
1. Precitipation (mm) – weather station;
2. Potential evapotranspiration(mm);
CWB = P - ETpot
Potential evapotranspiration(ETpot):
• Depends on a number of factors;
• Most parameters availčable for esch area;
• can not be accepted for Serbia’s condition Penman-Montheith-formula;
• simplified approach can be used, based on Turc method (Turc, 1963):
ETpotTurc= 0,013*(Tave/Tave+15)*(Rs+50)
DETERMINATION OF AWAILABLE WATER CAPACITY -AWC
AWChorizont = (AWCtab * sadržaj skeleta [%]/100) * dubina [dm]
AWCprofil = AWChorizont_n1 + AWChorizont_n2 + ... AWChorizont_n
AWC [mm] AWC classes
1 – 10 1
10 - 25 2
25 - 45 3
45 - 65 4
65 - 95 5
95 - 130 6
> 130 7
1. REPRESENTS: the amount of
water that one soil can contain
in field conditions in the zone of
the root sistem of the plant;
2. DEPENDS ON THE :
• Depth;
• Mechanical composition;
• Skeleton content;
3. DETERMINED TO: field of
study;
Table 3. AWC classes
2. DETERMINATION OF WBLusing: AWC and several site characteristics (landscape unit, insolation and precipitation class in summer)
2. PRECIPITATION CLASSES
300 m 120,60 98,00 78,50 297,10
400 m 126,40 101,20 81,60 309,20
500 m 132,20 104,40 84,70
321,30
600 m 137,90 107,70 87,70 333,30
700 m 143,60 111,00 90,80 345,40
800 m 149,40 114,20 93,90 357,50
850 m 152,30 115,80 95,40 363,50
RRwarm [mm] Klase padavina
<300 1
300 - 450 2
450 - 600 3
600 - 750 4
> 750 5
Table 5. Precipitation classes based on total sum of precipitation in summer
months
Weather station:
• Loznica (121m altitude);
• Krupanj (280 m altitude);
• Planina (560 m altitude);
By interpolation of data :
Amount of precipitation in summer months
(June, July and August) at 100m for
Boranja;
Table 4. Amount of precipitation in summer months (June, July and
August) at 100m for Boranja
DETERMINATION OF WBL
TI sun Tisr Ti hl
RrWa
rm
geo
m 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 9
mo
reth
an
13
0m
m
200 3 1 1
300 1 1 2
400 5 2 4 1
560 9 1 1 9
564 2 3
700 3 1 3
740 1 1 1
800 3 1 4
900 1 1Total 12 16 1 3 2 1 1 7 22 1
geom TiS Tin Tih
200 6 6 7
300 6 6 7
400 6 7 7
560 7 7 8
564 6 7 8
700 7 7 8
740 6 7 8
800 7 8 8
900 7 8 8
Table 6. WBL transformation table for M.U. “East
Boranja“
Table 5. Frequency of WBL classes on area of M.U. “East Boranja“
© UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH
WBL map in M.U. “East Boranja“ 42
Extremely humid
Very humid
HumidModerately humid
© UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH
Table 7. WBL classes
WBL Classes Water deficit
1 Extremely dry Very long periods of water deficit appearance
2 Very dry Long periods of water deficit appearance
3 Dry Longer periods of water deficit appearance
4 Medium dry Periodicaly in longer periods of water deficit appearance
5 A little wet In shorter periods of water deficit appearance
6 Moderately humid Periodicaly in shorter periods of water deficit appearance
7 Humid Rare water deficit appearance
8 Very humid Very rare water deficit appearance
9 Extremely humid Extremely rare water deficit appearance
43
3. DETERMINATION OF NUTRIENT
REGIME(soil, vegetation)
1. Rich;
2. Rich – medium;
3. Medium;
4. Medium poor;
5. Poor;
1. pH valiues;
2. geological build;
3. analysis of vegetation (field
data).
GEOM rich rich-medium medium medium-poor poor
200 3
300 5
400 14
560 16 2
564 2
700 4
800 8
804 6
900 1
Figure 9. Scheme for nutrient regime classificationTable 6. Frequency of base saturation classes
1. Moderately humid - medium secured site of mountanious beech forest - mountanious beech
forest (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973;
Syn.)
2. Humid - medium secured site of mountanious beech forest - (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović
1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);
3. Very humid - medium secured site of mountanious beech forest - (Fagetum montanum B.
Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);
4. Very humid - poor secured site of mountanious beech forest - (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović
1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);
5. Extremely humid - poor to medium secured site of mountanious beech forest - (Fagetum
montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);
Orographic-edaphic conditioned/sporadically occurs without spreading to a larger
area:
1. Acidophilic beech forest (Luzulo-Fagetum Mišić&Popović (54)1978 – increased
acidity;
2. Beech forest with Festuco drymeiae (Festuco drymeiae-Fagetum) Mišić 1972 –
skeletal structure, easy particle size distribution, the hot exposure;
Site types (Tomić, 2004)
ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDE OF TREE SPECIES1. Related to current site conditions;
2. Frequency of species appearance stands in correlation with precipitation intensity and level of potential evapotranspiration;
3. ecological amplitudes : has not been done based on site results analysis, because it is very homogeneous site, on which
beech forests are dominant and beech trees have great coverage on every studied records, while there is small number of
other mixed tree species individuals, which are often absent;
Graph 1. Ecological differentiation of species done by graph (Lakušić 1989)
Species Altitude(m)
Abies alba > 700
Picea abies > 700
Picea omorika > 500
Pseudotsuga menziesi All altitudes
Pinus sylvestris > 300
Pinus peuce > 700
Pinus strobus > 300
Juniperus virginiana < 500
Betula pendula > 700
Alnus incana > 700
Fagus moesiaca All altitudes
Quercus petraea < 700
Castanea sativa < 500
Carpinus betulus 300-700
Populus tremula > 300
Tilia platyphyllos > 300
Robinia pseudoacacia All altitudes
Acer tataricum < 700
Acer campestre < 700
Acer platanoides > 500
Fraxinus excelsior All altitudes
Species Species
Pinus nigra Quercus frainetto
Pinus heldreichii Populus alba
Pinus mugo Populus nigra
Juniperus communis Salix alba
Juniperus oxycedrus Tilia tomentosa
Alnus glutinosa Tilia cordata
Betula pubescens Acer pseudoplatanus
Carpinus orientalis Acer heldreichii
Ostrya carpinifolia Acer monspessulanum
Quercus pubescens Fraxinus ornus
Quercus robur Fraxinus angustifolia
Quercus cerris
Forecast:
Analyzes limit species under different regional, climate, soil and others. conditions ..
2016 ?
4. CONCLUSIONSSite mapping:
1.Concepts for the rapid collection and regionalization of basic environmental information for sustainable
management of natural forests;
2. The formation of a single database that provides the implementation of the method of IT and solutions;
3. Improving decision-making basis for target sustainable and nature-friendly forest management;
4. The new, flexible method of mapping of forest habitats, customized dynamic changes of habitat factors;
5. Regular and rapid exchange of information between users;
6. Predictions in the case of changes of climate, the current limit of the analysis of a different region types
under climate and pedological conditions;
7. Identification of existing environmental limits species, optionally in the nature of a close environment;
• Opened a number of questions;
• Method is so rough and it is not completed;
• Missing instructions for field work,
• Ecological amplitude of tree species: it is not done on the basis of an analysis of habitat because it is a
homogeneous habitat, dominated by beech;
• Require further research and development of habitat mapping methodology