Specific Proposal for Synergies Network
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Transcript of Specific Proposal for Synergies Network
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Specific Proposal forSynergies Network
To maximize the visibility and impact of Canadian SS/H Research:• Support the creation and start-up of a network of University OAI
Archives for all University research output (pre-refereeing preprints and refereed postprints)
• This will not only maximize Canadian SS/H research impact (the primary goal) but it will also allow Canadian Refereed Journals to (1) go inline, (2) cut their costs, (3) ensure their future, and (4) increase their own visibility and impact, by (5) offloading all of their online archiving, distribution and access onto the Synergies Network. (If/when they wish to (6) convert to becoming open-access journals, (7) providing peer-review only, they are perfectly positioned to do so)
• In doing this Canada will also set a model for and lead the world in the movement toward open access to refereed research.
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Tim Brody - Eprints.org - Southampton University
The Research-Impact Cycle
Self-archiving research output
maximizes research access
maximizing (and accelerating) research impact
(hence also research productivity and research progress and their rewards)
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L im ited A ccess: L im ited R esearch Im pact
Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal
Impact cycle begins:Research is done
Researchers write pre-refereeing
“Pre-Print”
Submitted to Journal
Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts – “Peer-Review”
Pre-Print revised by article’s Authors
Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to the Journal
12-1
8 M
on
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New impact cycles: New research builds on existing research
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Institutional OAI Archive Growth
How OAI Archives for institutional research output have been growing
– and how to accelerate their growth
(Data collected and analysed by Tim Brody, doctoral candidate, Electronics and Computer Science,
Southampton University)
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Growth in number of papers openly accessible in OAI Archives
(nearly 1,400,000 records, but not all are full-text)
Cumulative and Monthly Papersin all OAI Archives
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Growth in number of OAI Archives (now 140+ Archives, but the average number of papers per Archive (9000) needs to grow faster!)
Number of Archives and Mean Number of Papers Per Archive (all OAI Archives)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
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Cumulative Mean Records per Archive Cumulative Archives to Date
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
The Eprints.org subset of OAI Archives(about 1/2 of all current OAI Archives, 70/140)
illustrating the growth in institutions’ self-archived research output: drop in average size when new
institutional archives began to be created
Cumulative Number of Eprints.org Archives (all) and Mean Number of Papers Per Archive
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
New Eprints.org Archives per month(minus 3 pre-OAI legacy
Eprints.org Archives) New EPrints Archives per Month
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Growth of papers in Eprints.org Archives (excluding the 3 biggest
Archives)8000+ papers to dateCumulative and Monthly Papers in
EPrints.org Archives (minus top 3)
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Growth in number of Eprints.org Archives (c. 70)
(again, average number of papers per Archive [c. 120] needs to grow faster!)
Cumulative Number of Eprints.org Archives and Mean Number of Papers Per Archive (- top 3)
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Universities (and their research funders) need to adopt a systematic policy to self-archive all their refereed research output
Size of EPrints Archives
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Where the work needs to be done to accelerate growth per Archive:
These curves must become convex upward: Institutional self-archiving policies are needed
Latency of Record Additions to New EPrints Archives
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Even the fastest-growing archive, the Physics ArXiv, is still only growing linearly (since 1991):
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0100020003000400050006000700080009000
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Number of
Self-Archivings Per Month
Years (starting 1991)
Physics ArXiv Growth1991-2030
Linear GrowthSigmoid Growth
At that rate, it would still take a decade before we reach the
first year that all physics papers for that year are openly
accesible
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
The Golden Road to Open Access: Reciprocity
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TO
MAXIMIZE IMPACT
MAXIMIZE ACCESS
(1) Draft university policy for the self-archiving of all university research output (preprint and postprint):
http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~lac/archpol.html
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
(2) Proposal for a UK national policy of university self-archiving for all
refereed research output for research assessment
http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/Ariadne-RAE.doc
as a model for the rest of the world
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
(3) Template and demo for a standardized university online-CV with
harvestable performance indicators and links to the institutional Eprint
Archivehttp://paracite.eprints.org/cgi-bin/rae_front.cgi
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
(4) ____: A scientometric and webmetric search engine that can
calculate traditional and new measures of research impact, _____ a tool for finding and linking citations on the
web http://citebase.eprints.org/help/
http://opcit.eprints.org/evaluation/Citebase-evaluation/evaluation-report.html
http://paracite.eprints.org/
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
(5) The crucial role of reciprocity in open access: “Self-archive unto others
as ye would have them self-archive unto you.”
http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/unto-others.doc
http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Temp/self-archiving.ppt
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
(6) RoMEO Project (Loughborough)(Rights MEtadata for Open archiving)
Proportion of journals formally supporting self-archiving (already 50%) continues to grow
Journals % Publishers %
Totals so far: 7,169 (100%) 83 (100%)
Formally supporting self-archiving ofEITHER preprint,
post-printor both:
3,501 49.3% 33 39.7%
-- both: 1,209 16.8% 20 24%
-- pre: 2,195 30.6% 7 8.4%
-- post: 136 1.9% 7 8.4%
Not yet formally supportingself-archiving:
3,629 50.6% 49 59%
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ls/disresearch/romeo
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
(7) The BOAI Self-Archiving FAQ
http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/
http://www.soros.org/openaccess/
ŹBudapest Open Access Initiative
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““Skywriting”: All research, accessible to all potential users, anywhere, anytimeSkywriting”: All research, accessible to all potential users, anywhere, anytime““Skywriting”: All research, accessible to all potential users, anywhere, anytimeSkywriting”: All research, accessible to all potential users, anywhere, anytime
New impact cycles: New research builds on existing research
Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to the Journal
Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal
Impact cycle begins:Research is done
Researchers write pre-refereeing
“Pre-Print”
Submitted to Journal
Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts – “Peer-Review”
Pre-Print revised by article’s Authors
M axim ized R esearch A ccess and Im pact Through S e lf-A rch iv ing
Pre-Print self-archived to
University’s Eprint Website
Post-Print self-archived to
University’s Eprint Website
12-1
8 M
on
ths
New impact cycles:Self-archived researchimpact is greater (and
faster) because access is maximized (and
accelerated)
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
“Online or Invisible?” (Lawrence 2001)
“average of 336% more citations to online articles compared to offline articles published in the same venue”
Lawrence, S. (2001) Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact Nature 411 (6837): 521.
http://www.neci.nec.com/~lawrence/papers/online-nature01/
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Research Assessment, Research Funding, and Citation Impact
“Correlation between RAE ratings and mean departmental citations +0.91 (1996) +0.86+0.86 (2001) (Psychology)”
“RAE and citation counting measure broadly the same thing”
“Citation counting is both more cost-effective and more transparent”
(Eysenck & Smith 2002)
http://psyserver.pc.rhbnc.ac.uk/citations.pdf
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
The objective of open-access is:
• not to quarrel with or to replace journals (at all). _______________________________________________
1. not to resolve the budgetary problems of libraries (and yet…)
2. not to provide access to teachers - students - the general public - (and yet…)
3. not to provide access to the Developing World (and yet…)
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
The objective of open-access is:
to maximize research impact
by maximizing research access
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Research Impact
I. measures the size of a research contribution to further research
II. generates further research funding
III. contributes to the research productivity and financial support of the researcher’s institution
IV. advances the researcher’s career
V. promotes research progress
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Some old and new scientometric (“publish or perish”) indices of
research impact
• quality-level and citation-counts of the journal in which the article appears
• citation-counts for the article• citation-counts for the researcher• co-citations, co-text (cited with whom/what else?)• citation-counts for the preprint • usage-measures (“hits,” webmetrics)• time-course analyses, early predictors, etc. etc.
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Time-Course of Citations (red) and Usage (hits, green)
Witten, Edward (1998) Anti De Sitter Space And Holography ADV.THEOR.MATH.PHYS 2 : 253
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
The Usage/Citation Correlation (hep, astro, cond, quantum; math, comp)
All r=.27, n=219328Q1 (lo) r=.26, n=54832
Q2 r=.18, n=54832
Q3 r=.28, n=54832
Q4 (hi) r=.34, n=54832
hep r=.33, n=74020 Q1 (lo) r=.23, n=18505
Q2 r=.23, n=18505
Q3 r=.30, n=18505
Q4 (hi) r=.50, n=18505
(correlation is highest for high-citation papers/authors)
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LIMITED ACCESS
LIMITED IMPACT
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MAXIMAL IMPACT
OPEN ACCESS
LIMITED ACCESS
LIMITED IMPACT
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
http://www.eprints.org/self-faq/Harnad, S. (1990) Scholarly Skywriting and the Prepublication
Continuum of Scientific Inquiry. Psychological Science 1: 342 - 343 (reprinted in Current Contents 45: 9-13, November 11 1991). http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/15/81/
Harnad, S. (1994) A Subversive Proposal. In: Ann Okerson & James O'Donnell (Eds.) Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing. Washington, DC., Association of Research Libraries, June 1995. http://www.arl.org/scomm/subversive/toc.html
Harnad, S. (2001) For Whom the Gate Tolls? How and Why to Free the Refereed Research Literature Online Through Author/Institution Self-Archiving, Now. http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/16/39/
Harnad, S. (2001) Research access, impact and assessment.Times Higher Education Supplement 1487: p. 16. http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Tp/thes1.html
http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/intpub.html
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Tim Brody - Eprints - Southampton U.
Specific Proposal forSynergies Network
To maximize the visibility and impact of Canadian SS/H Research:• Support the creation and start-up of a network of University OAI
Archives for all University research output (pre-refereeing preprints and refereed postprints)
• This will not only maximize Canadian SS/H research impact (the primary goal) but it will also allow Canadian Refereed Journals to (1) go inline, (2) cut their costs, (3) ensure their future, and (4) increase their own visibility and impact, by (5) offloading all of their online archiving, distribution and access onto the Synergies Network. (If/when they wish to (6) convert to becoming open-access journals, (7) providing peer-review only, they are perfectly positioned to do so)
• In doing this Canada will also set a model for and lead the world in the movement toward open access to refereed research.