ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGYMs. TRAN Van TyJun 2015LESSON 3 OIL PRICE The higher the crude quality the higher the market price.Light sweet crudes carry a price premium relative to medium and heavy sour crudes.

2LESSON 3 OIL PRICEUSD/barrelBarrel = 159 liters

Theprice of oil, or theoil price: spot priceof abarrelofbenchmark crude oil.North America: West Texas Intermediate (WTI) (TexasLightSweetWTI is a lightcrude oil, contains about 0.24% sulfur, rating it a sweet crude.

LESSON 3 VALUE CHAIN

LESSON 3 VALUE CHAIN

LESSON 3 - INTRODUCTIONOil refinery products listProducts

Cylinder of LPG

Sample of gasoline

Sample of kerosene

Sample of diesel fuelLESSON 2 GRAMMAR Comparison with adjectivesAdjectivesOne syllableThree or more syllablesTwo syllablesParticiple adjpleased, worried, boringAdj ending in ful and lesscareful, carelessafraid, alike, alert, ashamed, alone, awarecaution, certain, complex, confident, eager, exact, normal, frequent, modern, recentComparative forms-ermore/less

more/lessSuperlative forms-estmost/least

most/leastLESSON 2 GRAMMAR Comparison with adjectivesAdjectivesTwo syllablesOther adj

Adj has a comparative or superlative meaningComplete, equal, favourite, ideal, uniqueComparative forms

-er or more/less

NOSuperlative forms

-est or most/least

NOTo say that as one thing changes, another thing also changesCng th cng The er/more/less + adj + S + V, the er/more/less + adj + S + V The better the joke (is), the louder the laugh (is).The longer Sue stays in Canada, the less likely she will ever go back to England.It almost seems that the more expensive the wedding, the shorter the marriage.LESSON 2 GRAMMAR Comparison with adjectivesENOUGHEnough + NOUNEx. Is there enough bread? Do you have enough money?

ADJ + enoughEx. The house was comfortable enough but not luxurious. We are not in a strong enough financial position to cut taxes.

ADJ + NOUNI havent got big enough nails for the job.I havent got enough big nails for the job.LESSON 2 GRAMMAR Comparison with adjectivesTOO + ADJ + TOqu .The beams are too weak to support the roof.She was too ashamed to admit her mistake.

If we need to mention the things or people involved, we do this with for.The garage was just about big enough for two cars to fit in.The suitcase was too small (for him) to get all his clothes in.LESSON 2 GRAMMAR ExercisesComplete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative form of the given adjective.I feel much (relaxed) now that the exams are over.Our new car is a little (wide) than our old one, but still fits easily into the garage.Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her to be the (forceful) figure in British politics.Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the (common) cause of death among sea birds.Its has been the (hot) day in London for 35 years.The alkenes are (chemically reactive) than the alkanes.7. The (soon) you start studying for your English examination, the (good) for you. 8. The (efficient) machines we have, the (few) workers are required. LESSON 2 GRAMMAR ExercisesComplete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative adjective.I feel much (relaxed) now that the exams are over. I feel much more relaxed now that the exams are over.2. Our new car is a little (wide) than our old one, but still fits easily into the garage.Our new car is a little wider than our old one, but still fits easily into the garage.3. Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her to be the (forceful) figure in British politics. Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her to be the most forceful figure in British politics.4. Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the (common) cause of death among sea birds. Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the most common cause of death among sea birds.LESSON 2 GRAMMAR ExercisesComplete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative adjective.5. Its has been the (hot) day in London for 35 years.Its has been the hottest day in London for 35 years.6. The alkenes are (chemically reactive) than the alkanes.The alkenes are more chemically reactive than the alkanes.7. The (soon) you start studying for your English examination, the (good) for you. The sooner you start studying for your English examination, the better for you.8. The (efficient) machines we have, the (few) workers are required. The more efficient machines we have, the fewer workers are required.

LESSON 2 GRAMMAR ExercisesTranslate into EnglishBn hc ngn ng cng sm th cng d dng.Nhit cng cao th vt cht cng sn sng phn hy.Vn ny khng quan trng lm chng ta lo lng.Vic r r kh nghim trng cnh st s tn ta nh.ng ti ngh rng ng qu gi hc.Gi du m qu thp cho vic khai thc cc m du c tr lng nh c li v mt kinh t. LESSON 2 GRAMMAR ExercisesTranslate into English1. Bn hc ngn ng cng sm th cng d dng.Learn languages/ soon young/ easily2. Nhit cng cao th vt cht cng sn sng phn hy.Temperature/ high/ substance/ readily/ decompose3. Vn ny khng quan trng lm chng ta lo lng.problem/ important/ enough/ cause make/ worry concern.4. Vic r r kh nghim trng cnh st s tn ta nhgas leak/ serious/ enough/ police/ evacuate/ building.5. ng ti ngh rng ng qu gi hc.grandfather/ think/ old/ learn.6. Hin ti gi du m qu thp cho vic khai thc cc m du c tr lng nh c hiu qu v mt kinh t. Currently/ oil price/ low/ production/ oil deposit/ reserves/ small/ efficient/ economically.LESSON 2 GRAMMAR ExercisesTranslate into English1. Bn hc ngn ng cng sm th cng d dng. The younger you start learning languages, the more easily you learn. 2. Nhit cng cao th vt cht cng sn sng phn hy. The higher the temperature, the more readily the substance will decompose.3. Vn ny khng quan trng lm chng ta lo lng. This problem isnt important enough to cause us concern.4. Vic r r kh nghim trng cnh st s tn ta nh.The gas leak was serious enough for the police to evacuate the building.5. ng ti ngh rng ng qu gi hc.My grandfacther thinks he is too old to learn.6. Hin ti gi du m qu thp cho vic khai thc cc m du c tr lng nh c hiu qu v mt kinh t. Currently, the oil price is too low for the production of the oil deposit with small reserves to be economically efficient.LESSON 4 - HYDROCARBONSAlkane = paraffin/lkein/ /prfin/ CnH2n+2Methane /mi:ein/Ethane /e:ein/Propane [prou'pein]Butane ['bju:tein]N-butaneIso-butaneHexane ['heksein] Alkene/lki:n/

Ethene = ethylene['ei:n] ['eili:n]Propylene['prpili:n]

Alkine (Alkyne)/lkan/

Ethyne = acetylene/i:ain/ /'setili:n/

Methyl /'meil/ Methanol /'menl/Ethyl /'eil/Ether /'i:/Ethanol /'enl/BondLin ktCovalentCng ha trSingle bondTriple bondDouble bondIonic bondLin kt ionCovalent bondLin kt cng ha trLESSON 4 - Vocabulary Cyclic hydrocarbonHydrocarbon vngRing of carbon atomsVng carbonCyclohexane /,saiklou'heksein/Aromatic /,rou'mtik/Hp cht thmBenzene /'benzi:n/Toluene /'tlju:in/Xylene /'zaili:n/Reactive (a)Hot ngChemical reactivity hot ng ha hcSaturated Bo ha, noUnsaturatedVolatileBay hiDerivativeDn xutLESSON 4 - Vocabulary Natural gasKh thin nhinPetroleumDu mOil and Gas industryCng nghip du khNatural resourcesTi nguyn thin nhinCoalThan MineralsKhong snSunlightWindRainTidesWavesGeothermal heata nhitFossil energyNng lng ha thchRenewable energyNng lng ti toLESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

LESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

LESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTSFIND THE NAMES OF COUNTRIES AND STATESgjgvyaedkcvmexicorfuvethiexsgcwpneurtrabraxexsanzlnuilzaanaraqstkuxgimismsuyeaeahokkihjlsaudiarabiaLESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS12345678LESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTSChoose the one that should be corrected

1. A carbon-carbon double bond is the most reaction part of an alkene. A B C D 2. A substance is a form of matter that have a definite composition and distinct A B C Dproperties.3. A physical property can be measured and observe without changing the A B C Dcomposition or identity of a substance.4. A molecular may contain atoms of the same element or atoms of two or more A B Celements joined in a fixed ratio. D5. For a chemical reaction to take, reactant particles must collide. A B C DLESSON 4 PETROLEUM PRODUCTSChoose the one that should be corrected

6. Molecular hydrogen is a colorless, odorness and nonpoisonous gas. A B C D7. Most simplest aromatic compounds are named as derivatives of benzene. A B C D8. Many of the solid inorganic and organic compounds that are used in the laboratory A Bwere purity by fractional crystallization. C D9. The dependence of the solubility of a solid on temperature various considerably. A B C D10. Crude oil often contain water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and water-soluble A B C trace metals. DLESSON 4 OVERVIEW REFINING PROCESS Crude oil WaterInorganic saltsSuspended solidsWater-soluble trace metalsDESALTINGDEHYDRATIONTo reduce:CorrosionPluggingFouling of equipment To prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing unitsLESSON 4 OVERVIEW REFINING PROCESS

LESSON 4 OVERVIEW REFINING PROCESS Crude oil is combustible!Why crude isnt burned as fuel without refining?Two basic reasons:modern engines not run on crude oilmost crudes contain lighter hydrocarbons so highly inflammable must be handled by very experienced menSafe if flash point > 65oC Refining to remove the more volatile parts!LESSON 4 OVERVIEW REFINING PROCESS Crude oil: mixture of hydrocarbon, from C1-C60 C1-C4: GasC5-C19: Liquid>C20: SolidChemicalsCatalystsHeatPressuredifferent hydrocarbon molecules and compounds.REFINING PROCESSESSeparateCombinegroups of similar molecules cutsfractionsRearrangestructures, bondingLESSON 4 REFINING PROCESS Primary Petroleum gasGasolineNaphthaKeroseneGas oilResiduehighly-concentrated intermediatesfeedstockDistillation

Basic fractionsRedistillation

LESSON 4 REFINING PROCESS Secondary TREATMENT PROCESSESRemove impurities from the distilled fractionsAimDesulfurizationSweeteningSulfur CONVERSION PROCESSESChange the sizes and/or the structures of hydrocarbonsWhy?Products from simple distillation products required by marketplaceHow?HydrotreatingHydrodesulfurizationLESSON 4 REFINING PROCESS CONVERSION PROCESSESDecompositionUnificationAlterationThermal crackingCatalytic crackingAlkylationPolymerizationIsomerizationCatalytic reformingLESSON 4 DISTILLATION