Space Weather Research and Operations Using Incoherent Scatter Radar
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Transcript of Space Weather Research and Operations Using Incoherent Scatter Radar
Space Weather Research and OperationsUsing Incoherent Scatter Radar
Terrance G OnsagerInternational Affairs CoordinatorNOAA Space Weather Prediction [email protected]
• Tony van Eyken, SRI International
• Esa Turunen, EISCAT
• Bob Robinson, NSF
• Rich Behnke, NSF
• Joshua Semeter, Boston University
• Mihail Codrescu, NOAA
Acknowledgements
• Space has become an integral component of our economic and security infrastructures
• Understanding and predicting the dynamics of the coupled Earth-Space system is critical to the viability of our economic and security infrastructures
• Incoherent Scatter Radar provide key data for scientific understanding and
to develop and drive data-assimilation models of the Earth-Space system
• Modern ISR also allow continuous, real-time data acquisition that can drive operational models to protect our economic and security infrastructures
• Recommendation is to broaden the ISR user community to foster interdisciplinary science across the full Earth-Space environment and explore contribution to operational space weather applications
Main Points
VV
Coupled Earth-Space System
• GNSS• Degradation of accuracy or availability• Strong growth in applications – surveying, drilling,
precision agriculture, navigation, aviation
• Aviation• Disruption of communication and radiation risk• The Next Generation and Single European Sky Air
Transportation Systems will depend on GNSS
•Space Systems• Degradation or loss of satellite capabilities• Satellite tracking and orbital debris
• Electric Utilities• Potential for significant disruption of service with $Trillion
consequences
Economic and Security InfrastructuresImpact Areas
Solar Cycle 24 Has Begun
Anomaly assessment report available
Responding to Transatlantic Impacts of Geomagnetic Storms
• Federal Emergency Management Agency
• NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
• EU Monitoring and Information Centre
• EU Institute for the Protection and Security
of the Citizen
• Swedish National Power Grid
• National Electric Safety Board of Sweden
EU-U.S. Cooperation in Space Weather Emergency Management
• Space Weather is one of three pillars of the European SSA System• Observations, modeling, research, and services
• Opportunities for EU-US partnerships in the SSA Program• Each partner can specialize in areas of expertise and then coordinate• Complementary ground-based and space-based sensors• Complementary prediction models and ensemble forecasts• Shared knowledge of societal impacts and mitigation methods
• 7th Framework Program• EU-U.S. cooperative activities are occurring
Space Situational Awareness
AO1962
JRO1963
MH1962
SRF1982
The NSF Incoherent Scatter Radar Chain-2006
Sondrestrom (SRF)
Millstone Hill (MH)
Arecibo (AO)
Jicamarca (JRO)
AO1962
JRO1963
MH1962
SRF1982
The NSF Incoherent Scatter Radar Chain-2007
Sondrestrom (SRF)
Millstone Hill (MH)
Arecibo (AO)
Jicamarca (JRO)
AMISR-Poker Flat
PFR 2007
AO1962
JRO1963
MH1962
SRF1982
NSF-supported ISRs--2010
Sondrestrom (SRF)
Millstone Hill (MH)
Arecibo (AO)Jicamarca (JRO)
AMISR-Poker Flat (PFISR)
PFISR 2007
RISR-N 2009
AMISR- Resolute Bay (RISR-N)
ISR Measurements – Fundamental to Understanding Earth-Space Environment
• Fundamental plasma properties• Precipitating particle properties• Electric fields, plasma convection, currents• Neutral winds, gravity waves• Ion and neutral composition
OR:• The existing chain of radars will continue to
grow with the blossoming of AMISR systems at other locations.
AO1962
JRO1963
MH1962
SRF1982
Sondrestrom (SRF)
Millstone Hill (MH)
Arecibo (AO)
Jicamarca (JRO)
AO1962
JRO1963
MH1962
SRF1982
The NSF Incoherent Scatter Radar Chain-2007
Sondrestrom (SRF)
Millstone Hill (MH)
Arecibo (AO)
Jicamarca (JRO)
AMISR-Poker Flat
PFR 2007
AO1962
JRO1963
MH1962
SRF1982
PFR 2007
RISR-N,S 2011
• RISR-S: A Canadian owned AMISR system at Resolute Bay
• Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) to put a small AMISR system near Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Proposal under consideration to construct two AMISR radar systems in the Antarctic
• Possible replacement of existing incoherent scatter radars with AMISR systems
Future AMISR Deployments
Increase in Incoherent Scatter Radar Data Value through International Polar Year Efforts
Low Duty Cycle
Full Power
• EISCAT led an effort to operate ISR on a near-continuous basis (2007 - )
• Created the most extensive polar atmosphere data set
• Proved invaluable for modeling efforts and basic research
• Challenged modelers to address long-term, global coupling under diverse conditions
• Revealed feasibility and value of continuous data and need for significant model improvements
• Joint planning of ISR World Day observations
• Joint participation on related panels, committees, and science workshops
• Joint participation in EISCAT and AMISR summer schools
• Plans for continuation of U. S. – EISCAT Post-Doc Program
• U. S. participation in EISCAT-3D development program considered
• EISCAT contributing to U.S. ISR strategic planning
Current EU-U.S. ISR Cooperative Activities
Opportunities
• Multi-disciplinary use of ISR-facility data can be significantly enhanced to accelerate scientific progress and to provide accurate predictions to support the growing need for space weather applications
• Existing European programs, such as 7th Framework and Space Situational Awareness, are good vehicles for cooperation
• Increase to next Solar Maximum (2013) is an opportunity to test and improve our understanding of extreme conditions and utilize extensive space and ground based assets
• Existing international coordination of ISR research is a good foundation for expansion to multi-disciplinary community
• Combination of campaign mode and continuous operation enhances scientific value and enables the development of data-assimilation techniques
• Collaborative EU-U.S. programs are impeded by differences in funding mechanisms, review processes, and timelines
• U.S. participation in 7th Framework Program is limited by legal restrictions
• ISR data are not effectively utilized by the broad, interdisciplinary research community
– Data formats are specific to ISR and not familiar to scientists outside ISR community
– Measurements are complex and interpretation can be difficult for non-experts
– There is a lack of awareness of the availability of the new continuous ISR operations
Obstacles
• Expand the worldwide and multi-disciplinary community of users to foster interdisciplinary research and applications (develop a user base similar to that of astronomical observatories)
• Foster the development of Earth-Space system models that exploit these data and advance our science and applications for societal benefit (arrange cost sharing with agencies responsible for space weather applications)
• Establish processes for the coordination and review of proposals to support large international programs
• Maintain strong information exchange, global coordination, and strategic planning to optimize scientific studies and technology development
Recommendations