Solutes and Solubility

Classification of Matter

Classify according to 4 states of matter

Classify by the units they are made of

ElementsMatter is made up of atoms

if all atoms in a sample have same identity, that matter is an element.

Examples

Al

CuAg

Compounds

Made from atoms of 2 or more elements that are combined

H2 + O

Na + Cl

Wrap-up

Substance: an element or compound

can’t be reduced to more basic components by physical processes

MixturesMaterial made up of 2 or more substances that can be separated by physical means.

Each substance in a mixture keeps its own properties and identity

NaCl H2O

Mixtures cont’dDon’t always contain the same amounts of the different substances that make them up

Heterogeneous mixtureDifferent materials can be easily distinguished

Not uniformly mixed

ExamplesGraniteConcreteInside of your locker or backpack

SolutionsHomogeneous mixtureTwo or more substances are uniformly spread out

Solution particles never settle to bottom of container

Remain constantly and uniformly mixed

SolutionsHow They Form

SolutionsHomogeneous mixture in which particles are evenly distributed throughout

Do not settle, do not disperse light

Types of solutionsSolutions are classified as solid, liquid, or gas depending on their final state

Solution termsSolute: substance being dissolved

Solvent: substance dissolving the solute

Substance present in largest amt is the solvent

Air: 78% N, 21% O, 1% Ar.

Solvent of air?Sterling silver: 92.5% Ag, 7.5% Cu. Solvent?

Alloy – a soluti0n of a metal and another element (usually another metal)Ex.: brass (copper and zinc); bronze (copper and tin); cast iron (iron and carbon)