SOL Objectives LS.2 The student will investigate and understand that all living things are composed of cells. Key concepts include

cell structure and organelles (cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondrion, endo-plasmic reticulum, nucleus, and chloroplast);

similarities and differences between plant and animal cells; development of cell theory; and

LS.3 The student will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular or-ganization. Key concepts include: cells, tissues, organs, and systems

Notes Page 3-1

NAME :____________________________________ Block : _________________

Notes Page 3-2

1. Which of these is found in plant cells, but not animal cells? A. Mitochondria B. Chloroplasts C. Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Cell Membranes 2. The function of the cell nucleus is to: A. Direct the activities of the cell B. Help the cell excrete waste C. Digest foreign substances D. Transport substances around the cell 3. In humans, which of these is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body cells? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. White blood cells D. Red blood cells 4. Many living organisms have body struc-tures that go from very simple to very complex. Which of these places the struc-tures in the correct order, from the least to the most complex? A. System, organ, tissue, cell B. Organ, tissue, cell, system C. Cell, system, organ, tissue D. Cell, tissue, organ, system 5. A plant’s green color is due to the pres-ence of which organelle? A. Chloroplast B. Nucleus C. Mitochondrion D. Vacuole

6. The picture represents five red blood cells seen through a microscope. The lines represent a scale also visible through the microscope. Each division on the scale represents one micrometer. Use the scale to estimate the diameter of the av-erage red blood cell. A. 4-5 micrometers B. 7-8 micrometers C. 10-11 micrometers D. 12-13 micrometers 7. Which level of organization below is the most basic or primary level of organization? A. Cell B. Tissue C. Organ D. Organ system

8. In this diagram of a single celled organism, which organelle functions as a place to store extra water? A. Cell membrane B. Vacuole C. Cytoplasm D. Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Notes Page 3-3

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Organelles

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Chloroplast

Nucleus

Ribosome

Mitochondria

“PRO-NO” A unicellular organism lacking a true nucleus (or any membrane-bound or-

ganelles). Single molecule of double-stranded DNA. Usually bacteria.

“EU-TRUE” A cell that contains a membrane-bound nucleus. Plant and Animal cells are eukaryotic.

A structure within a cell that carries out a specific function.

The jelly-like substance that surrounds the organelles within the cell.

A layer that surrounds the surface of a cell and provides a barrier between the cell’s interior and exterior environment.

The structure that surrounds plant cells and bacteria, providing them with extra strength and support.

The organelle in plants (and algae, etc.) in which photosynthesis occurs. It is usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll.

The organelle that contains a cell’s DNA and serves as the control center

for the cell.

The organelle that breaks down substances and helps to produce li-pids (fat) and proteins in the cell.

The organelle that is responsible for assembling proteins from amino acids.

The organelle in a cell that breaks down food molecules to obtain ATP

(energy)

Notes Page 3-4

In a far away town called Cellula City, the main export and pro- duction product is the

great “dingle hopper”. Everyone in the town has something to do with “dingle hopper” making, and

the entire town is designed to build and export this great product. The town hall has the instruc-

tions for “dingle hopper” making, and instructs that dingle hoppers come in all shapes and sizes.

Any citizen of Cellula can get these instructions and begin making dingle hoppers of their own. Din-

gle hoppers are generally produced in small shops around the city.

After dingle hoppers are constructed, they are transported through tunnels in the town which

can deliver the dingle hopper anywhere in or out of the city. The town powers the dingle hopper

shops from a solar panel which transfers energy to a few power plants that are in the city. The

entire city is enclosed by a curving stream and then a large wooden fence. The city has clean air

and a great street system that allows the townspeople to get where they need to go, but only de-

livery trucks (and citizens with proper passports) are allowed outside the city.

1. Similar to Cellula City, ___________________ are parts of the cell that have specialized

functions.

2. In Cellula City, the main product is the “dingle hopper”, that’s a lot like the protein products of

a cell. In the cell, these proteins are manufactured in the ____________________.

3. The Town Hall controls Cellula City. The ______________ is similar to the Town Hall because

it is the control center of the cell and contains all of its instructions.

4. The instructions within Cellula City tell it what to do, just like __________ tells our cells

what to do.

5. The products of Cellula City (dingle hoppers) are transported through the town in tunnels.

Those carts can deliver the widget anywhere in the city. In our cells the

___________________ ______________ distributes and transports proteins and other

substances.

6. Cellula City is powered by a large solar panel that captures sunlight and turns it in to energy.

This is very similar to the ____________________ in plant cells because it traps light and

allows photosynthesis to occur.

7. The power plants of Cellula City, take the solar energy and make it useful in running the facto-

ries. This is similar to the job of the _________________ which take food molecules in the

cell and break them down to obtain ATP.

8. In Cellula City, the clean air and street system surrounds and connects all the important

parts. In a cell, the _______________ surrounds all organelles and provides them with con-

nections to one another.

9. Cellula City is surrounded by a curving stream. This barrier is movable but still manages to

keep everything that is in the cell away from the outer environment, just like the

______________ _____________.

10. The fence around Cellula City provides the city with extra support as it surrounds the entire

city and strengthens it from invaders. In plant cells, the ___________ ____________ pro-

vides similar features.

11. Knowing all of this about Cellula City, I would have to say that it is probably a

_______________ cell because all of its functioning parts were enclosed (these cells have

organelles that are “membrane-bound”).

12. If Cellula City was a ________________ cell, there would be no town hall and the directions

for making widgets (DNA) would not be in a certain spot. The city would be fairly basic.

Notes Page 3-5

The scientists that contributed to the cell theory lived over 300 years ago!! If they lived today, what would they say? Convert their discoveries into tweets!

The CELL THEORY

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Notes Page 3-6

Notes Page 3-7

Get ready for your project…

My system is: ________________________________________________

Organelle Function Analogy REASON

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Cell Membrane

Cell Wall

Other

Notes Page 3-8 INSIDE THE CELL: ORGANELLES

Organelle Color the Cells Above Function In a Restaurant

Nucleus

= Purple

Cytoplasm

Leave Clear!

Ribosomes

= Red

Endoplasmic

Reticulum

= Brown

Mitochondria

= Yellow

Vacuole

= Blue

Chloroplast

=

Green

Cell

Membrane

= Grey

Cell Wall

= Black

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Notes Page 3-10

ORGANELLES in plants, animals, and bacteria

Organelle Plants?

Why/Why Not?

Animals? Why/Why Not?

Bacteria? Why/Why Not?

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Cell

Membrane

Cell Wall

Notes Page 3-11

Personal reflections: school Personal reflections: life

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cells —> __________, —> ________, —> __________, —> _________

Pro- _________, eu-__________,

Organelles:

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Cell membrane

Cell wall