Societal Grand Challenges in the 21 st Century: Solutions From Converging Physical and Life Sciences and Digital Technologies Toms Daz de la Rubia 9.6 Billion People by 2050 Aging populations, rising cost of healthcare, global pandemics, sustainability 9.6 Billion People by 2050 Aging populations, rising cost of healthcare, global pandemics, sustainability 60% of Global Population Middle Class by 2030 Shift to Megacities, rising demand for energy, food, water 60% of Global Population Middle Class by 2030 Shift to Megacities, rising demand for energy, food, water 25 Gtoe of Energy Demand by 2050 Finding the right solutions. Fossil fuel based economy, increased integration of renewables, remaining energy poverty, climate change 25 Gtoe of Energy Demand by 2050 Finding the right solutions. Fossil fuel based economy, increased integration of renewables, remaining energy poverty, climate change 70% Increase in Food Production by 2030 Increasing need for water, urbanized population, land use and production capability, climate change 70% Increase in Food Production by 2030 Increasing need for water, urbanized population, land use and production capability, climate change 1 Trillion Interconnected Devices by 2030 Digital and Smart everything, millions of new entrepreneurs, global access to knowledge and education 1 Trillion Interconnected Devices by 2030 Digital and Smart everything, millions of new entrepreneurs, global access to knowledge and education Nanotechnology Graphene, novel battery and solar cell PV materials, implantable drug-delivery capsules Advanced materials and Manufacturing Light weight alloys, high strength and ductility alloys, ceramics and composites, 3D printing Genomics and Synthetic Biology Bioinformatics, predictive, preventive, personalized medicine, synthetic organisms, new therapies for cancer Exascale Computing High resolution climate models, materials genome, drug discovery, AI algorithms Climate change and sustainability Water, plant genetics, microbiology, ecology, agriculture, ocean science Cray Y-MP circa 1990 1 Micron 32 bit 8 processors 2 Gflops $100M iPhone nm; 64 bit 2 Gflops