Socialization

Chapter 3

Chapter Overview

I. QuizII. What is “Socialization”?III. Nature v. NurtureIV. Socialization into GenderV. Agents of SocializationVI. ResocializationVII. Socialization through LifeVIII.Are We Prisoners of

Socialization?IX. Review

I. Introductory “Quiz”

1. Intelligence is dependent upon human

interaction.True

2. A child can die from lack of human

interaction.True

3. When a child plays team sports, the individual is

learning to take the role of others.True

4. The average child could learn to do algebra at age 8

if schools introduced it earlier and used better teaching techniques.

False

5. Sociologists have a love/hate relationship with

Freud.Yes and No

6. Emotions such as happiness, remorse, fear,

compassion, and shame are all universally felt and expressed.

False

7. Television is the strongest force that causes

people to act, feel, and believe the way they do.

False

8. A main teaching among all social classes of parents

is obedience and staying out of trouble.

False

9. Day care does not improve the relationship between

parents and children.True

10. Socialization is complete at about the age of 25.

False

II. What is “Socialization”?

Definition:The process of developing one’s group’s characteristics (i.e., attitudes, values, and actions).

III. Nature v. Nurture

A. A DemonstrationB. Case study: The Wild Boy

of ItardC. What language will a

child speak?D.Harry Harlow’s monkeysE. Twin Studies

IV. Theories of Socialization

A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self

B.Mead and Role-TakingC.Piaget and the

Development of Reasoning Abilities

D.Freud and the Development of Personality

IV. Theories of Socialization

A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self

B.Mead and Role-TakingC.Piaget and the

Development of Reasoning Abilities

D.Freud and the Development of Personality

A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self: Demonstration

Answer the following questions on a piece of paper. Try to keep your answers to a sentence or two:

Who are you? What do close family members think of

you? What do members of your sex think of

you? What do members of the opposite sex

think of you?

The Looking-Glass Self

Your Behavior

Others’Reactions

YourInterpretations ofOthers’ Reactions

YourSelf-

Concept

OtherInfluences

A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self

B.Mead and Role-TakingC.Piaget and the

Development of Reasoning Abilities

D.Freud and the Development of Personality

IV. Theories of Socialization

B. Mead and Role-Taking1. Stages

a. Imitationb. Playc. Games

2. The “I” v. the “Me”3. The human mind is a

social product

IV. Theories of Socialization

A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self

B.Mead and Role-TakingC. Piaget and the Development of Reasoning AbilitiesD.Freud and the Development

of Personality

C. Piaget and the Development of Reasoning abilities

1. The sensorymotor stage2. The preoperational* stage3. The concrete operational stage4. The formal operational stage*substitute the words “reasoning

skills” for operational

IV. Theories of Socialization

A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self

B.Mead and Role-TakingC.Piaget and the

Development of Reasoning Abilities

D.Freud and the Development of Personality

V. Socialization into Gender

VI. Agents of Socialization

A. The family

B.B. The neighborhood The neighborhood

C.C. ReligionReligion

D.D. Day CareDay Care

E.E. SportsSports

F.F. The workplace The workplace

G.G. The school and peer groupsThe school and peer groups

VII Resocialization

A. DefinitionB. ExamplesC. Total Institutions

VIII. Socialization Through Life

A. Life course = stages of life from birth to death

A. Stages affect your behavior and orientations (ex:)

B. Historical context, sex, race-ethnicity, social class, etc. effect your life course.

1. ex: childhood2. ex.: adolescence3. ex: young adulthood4. ex: the middle years5. ex: the older years

IX. Are We Prisoners of Socialization?

Y.J.U.: We are prisoners of socialization.

X. Review

Socialization = learning norms and values

Charles Cooley: The looking-glass self

How we think others perceive us is more important than reality

George Herbert Mead1. Each person has two sides

a.I = the spontaneous subjective person

b.Me = the objective person

2.Significant others: important role in the development of the “me” (e.g., parents)

3.Generalized others: the larger community or society

Jean Piaget1.Sensorymotor stage2.Preoperational stage3.Concrete operational

stage4.Formal operational stage

Sigmund Freud1.Id: basic drives (e.g.,

sex, food)2.Superego: society’s

expectations; censors the id

3.Ego: individuality among us; mediates between the id and superego