Presentation title

Social groups and its types

Subject => animal behavior (ethology)

Submitted by

• Aftab Badshah

• Zeb ur Rehman

• Dawood Khan

• Yasir Khan

• Muhammad Atif

• Muhammad Usman

Submitted to

Mam Brekhna

What Is A Social Group

When two or more persons are in a state of interaction, it can be called simply as groupora number of persons with the same goals , expectations , values who interact with each other

Further Definition Of Social Group

• E.S Bogardus

A number of units of anything in close proximity to one another

• Ogburn & Nimkoff

Whenever two or more individuals come together and influence one another

• Arnold Green

An aggregate of individuals which is organized and having common interest and activities

Functions of a social group• Defining boundaries

To identify who are the members of the group

• Choosing leaders

By nature , groups resolve the issue of leadership. A leader is the one who occupies central role or position of dominance and influence.

• Making decisions

The combined aggregate of all the ideas , opinions and thoughts of members of the group over an issue

• Setting goals

The common ambition of the group for which they strive to perform and achieve

• Assigning tasks

Each member of the group is assigned a task which he cares and look-afters and is responsible for that

• Controlling members behavior

Behaviors of the members are continually controlled because deviant behavior of the members may be dangerous and harmful and rather fatal to the group.

Essentials for a social group

• Collection of people

• Communication between the people

• Dependency among members

• Common identity

• Common feelings of unity

• Common certain goals

• Share norms and traditions

Types of social groups

Groups can be classified on several basis.

size

Structure

Contact

Relations

identification

Types of group on the basis of size

On the basis of size social groups are classified by a German Sociologist George Simmel• Dyad Contain two persons in the group. Establishes one relationship• TriadContain three persons in the group. Establishes 3 relations• TetriadContain 4 persons. Establishes 6 relations• PentadContain 5 persons. Establishes 10 realtions

Social groups on the basis of structure and organization

• On the basis of structure & organization social groups are classified by Dwight Sanderson

• Formal group

Posses rules, regulations, schedules, roles• Voluntry formal groups

• Coercive formal groups

• Utilitarion formal groups

• Informal group

No rules and regulations. Free to do anything

Voluntary formal group

• People join of their own volition

• Person join the group by its own choice

• Free to join or withdraw from the group at any time

• Example is a company, job, organization etc

Coercive formal group

• Also called as delegate group

• Person join as a representive of a number of people

• Join the group for their own benefits or societal benefits

• Person either elected or nominated by some power

• Examples is the parliament

Utilitarion formal group

• Also called as involuntary group

• Doesn’t depend upon the person’s choice

• Not forced to join a particular organization but feel compelled to join the group

• People join it to achieve their own goals

• Example is one’s family race,caste

Informal group

• Provide different but important things

• Provide relaxation and reduce stress

• Involve in fun activities

• Help keep people good social health and welfare

• Examples is the group of friends, family, passengers sharing a bus etc

On the basis of contact, social ties

• Classified by C.H Cooley

• Classified into • Primary group

• Secondary group

Primary group

• Strong emotional attachment

• Small size and informal

• Stability

• Similarity of background

• Limited self interest

• Personal relationship

• Continuity of relationship

• Persist over extensive period of time

• Face to face interaction

• “ WE ” feelings

• Example = family, basket ball team etc

Secondary group

• Formal and impersonal relation

• Large in size

• Option of membership

• Less intimate and less sentimental

• “ I ” feelings

• Examples = political parties, business organization

On the basis of relations

• Classified by George hasen into

• Un- social group

• Pseudo-social group

• Anti-social group

• Pro-social group

Un-social group

• Live to themselves and for themselves

• Don’t participate in larger society of which they are a part

• Don’t mix up with other people and remain alone

• Examples= murderers, thieves etc

Pseudo-social group

• Participate in the larger society

• Participate only for interest and gain

• Don’t are for the greater good of the society

• Examples= politicians, feudals etc.

Anti-social group

• Act against the interest of society

• Destroy public peace and property

• Example= calling a strike by labor union, plans of political parties to overthrow government

Pro-social group

• Antonym of anti-social group

• Work for the interests of the larger society of which they are a part

• Engaged in constructive activities and increasing welfare of the society

• Examples= Volunteers, Edhi etc

On the basis of identification

• Classified by Sumner into

• In group

• Out group

• Reference group

In group

• Strong identification and loyalty with members of their own group

• The group by which an individual identifies oneself

• Embodies “ WE “ feelings

• Examples= family, tribe, sex, college, occupation, religion

Out group

• Contract between “THEY” and “WE”

• The group to which the people feel they don’t belong

• Examples= We are Muslim, they are Hindus. We are Pakistani and they are Christians

Reference group

• People use as a standard in evaluating or understanding themselves , their attitudes and their behavior

In group

In group

In group In group

In group

In groupOut group

Reference group

any question ????