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![Page 1: So You Want to be a Statistician? Alex Trindade Associate Professor of Statistics Department of Mathematics & Statistics Texas Tech University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c915503460f9494b906/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
So You Want to be a Statistician?So You Want to be a Statistician?
Alex TrindadeAssociate Professor of Statistics
Department of Mathematics & Statistics
Texas Tech University
![Page 2: So You Want to be a Statistician? Alex Trindade Associate Professor of Statistics Department of Mathematics & Statistics Texas Tech University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c915503460f9494b906/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Statistics?
The Science of learning from data...
Sample
Inference
Population
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What is Statistics?
• Descriptive Statistics (Easy Statistics)
– Graphical and numerical summaries of data.
– Averages; variances; percentiles; etc.• Ex: mean high temperature in Lubbock on May 8 is 81 degrees.
– Histograms; pie-charts; bar-charts; scatter-plots; etc. • Ex: histogram of mean high temperature in Lubbock on May 8 for
last 100 years.
Histogram
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Frequency
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What is Statistics?
• Inferential Statistics (Hard Statistics)
– Estimate/Predict unknown quantities from a sample of data.• Ex: predict this year’s high temperature in Lubbock on May 8,
based on the previous 100 years.• Ex: estimate the location and expression patterns of the gene(s)
that determine adult height on the human genome.
– Quantify the uncertainty in these estimates by giving a measure of their variability (margin of error).• Ex: assess the variability of the prediction of this year’s high
temperature in Lubbock on May 8, based on the previous 100 years.
• Ex: assess the variability in the estimate of the location and expression patterns of gene(s) determinining adult height on the human genome.
![Page 5: So You Want to be a Statistician? Alex Trindade Associate Professor of Statistics Department of Mathematics & Statistics Texas Tech University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c915503460f9494b906/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why Does Statistics Work?
Largely because of the Central Limit Theorem...
• Sample averages, and many other variables, tend to follow a Normal (or bell-shaped) Distribution.
• This is a universal Law of Randomness.
• The speed of modern computers is only just now reaching the required levels to make sophisticated statistical analyses feasible.
![Page 6: So You Want to be a Statistician? Alex Trindade Associate Professor of Statistics Department of Mathematics & Statistics Texas Tech University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c915503460f9494b906/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What do Statisticians do?
They are present behind the scenes in every field of scientific endeavor...
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What do Statisticians do?
• Agricultural & Animal Sciences
– Design field experiments to determine which of 3 varieties of corn is the most productive.
– Determine, from the analysis of a few samples of meat, what the contamination rate with E. Coli is for the entire herd.
– Estimate animal abundance in a particular region using capture/recapture data.
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What do Statisticians do?
• Meteorology/Climatology
– Help climate scientists forecast the weather; build models for climate change; etc.
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What do Statisticians do?
• Medical Sciences (Biostatisticians)
– Design clinical trials for newly developed drugs to ascertain their efficacy and safety.
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What do Statisticians do?• Business, Finance, Economics
– Work in insurance & banking industries to develop models that quantify the risk involved in various activities (driving, lending money, etc.). (Called actuaries.)
– Formulate models that describe the behavior of the economy and associated financial instruments (stocks, mutual funds, etc.). (Called econometricians.)
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What do Statisticians do?• Engineering (Quality Control Professionals)
– Determine the reliability of various products/devices:• Ex: lower bound on failure load of aircraft parts.• Ex: average life cycle of medical devices.• Ex: upper & lower acceptability bounds on size of mechanical parts.
– Six Sigma Process.
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What do Statisticians do?• Genetics/Bioinformatics
– Work in concert with geneticists and computer scientists to unravel one of the biggest mysteries of our time: • Where exactly are the genes located on our chromosomes, and what
do they do, exactly? • There are approx 3 billion base pairs and 21,000 genes in the human
genome.• With each gene only a few base pairs in length, this is like finding a
needle in a haystack!
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Some Projects I’ve Worked(-ing) On
• The Boeing Company (Seattle, Washington)
– World leader in aircraft manufacture.
– Worked with a team of engineers to build statistical models to predict lower bounds for the failure loads of certain parts.
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Some Projects I’ve Worked(-ing) On
• Encision, Inc. (Boulder, Colorado)
– Manufactures medical instruments for laparoscopic surgery.
– Quantified the reliability (life-cycle) of a particular device.
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Some Projects I’ve Worked(-ing) On
• Risk Management and Financial Engineering Lab (University of Florida, Gainesville)
– Within the department of Industrial Engineering.
– Developed statistical models for assessing financial risk.
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Some Projects I’ve Worked(-ing) On
• Advanced Laboratory for Radiation Dosimetry Studies (University of Florida, Gainesville)
– Within the department of Nuclear & Radiological Engineering.
– Developed statistical models for assessing patient-specific skeletal dosimetry in radiation therapy.
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And now, a recent discovery!
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How to Become a Statistician?
It’s a long road...
• Bachelors Degree (B.S.) in Mathematics– or other mathematics-intense discipline like engineering,
economics, physics, chemistry, etc.– 4+ years beyond high school.
• Masters Degree (M.S.) in Statistics/Biostatistics– or mathematics (for Ph.D.-level statistician).– 2+ years beyond B.S.– Work involves mostly programming under the direction of a
Ph.D.-level statistician; not too exciting; but money is good!
• Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.) in Statistics/Biostatistics – 3+ years beyond M.S.– Work is varied; involves real discovery at the frontiers of science;
typically fascinating!
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Who Employs Statisticians?
A lot of industries...
• Pharmaceutical Companies– Typically based in large metro areas (NE seaboard).– Both M.S. and Ph.D. level.– Median starting salaries as of 2007:
• $70,000 (M.A.); $95,000 (Ph.D.).
• Large Engineering & Business Companies– Typically based in large metro areas.– Both M.S. and Ph.D. level.– Median starting salaries as of 2007:
• $60,000 (M.A.); $80,000 (Ph.D.).
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Who Employs Statisticians?
• The Federal Government – Primarily based in the Washington D.C. area.– Both M.S. and Ph.D. level.– Median starting salaries as of 2007:
• $60,000 (M.A.); $90,000 (Ph.D.).
• Colleges & Universities– Widely distributed.– Ph.D. level only.– Median starting salaries as of 2007:
• $85,000 (Biostatistics, 12 months)• $72,000 (Statistics, 9 months, University)• $58,000 (Statistics, 9 months, College)
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My Biography
• Originally from Europe (Portugal).• Grew up in South Africa.• Bachelors in Mathematics, 1988, University of
Southampton (England).• Masters in Mathematics, 1992, University of Oklahoma.• Programmer, 1993-1995, IBM (Dallas). • PhD in Statistics, 2000, Colorado State University.• Assistant Prof., 2000-2007, Dept. of Statistics, University
of Florida.
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So, do You Want to be a So, do You Want to be a Statistician?Statistician?
(www.amstat.org)