Monitoring Decent Work and Monitoring Decent Work and Labour StatisticsLabour Statistics

Rafael Diez de MedinaRafael Diez de MedinaChief Statistician, Director Chief Statistician, Director Department of StatisticsDepartment of Statistics

International Labour OfficeInternational Labour OfficeInternational Forum on Monitoring National International Forum on Monitoring National

Development: Issues and ChallengesDevelopment: Issues and ChallengesBeijing, People’s Republic of China, 27-29 September Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 27-29 September

20112011

Labour statisticsLabour statistics

Historically, labour market statistics have Historically, labour market statistics have taken a macro-perspective on an economy and taken a macro-perspective on an economy and focused on:focused on:

Labour supply and labour demand in an economyLabour supply and labour demand in an economy Employment and unemployment statistics; ICLS 1925 ... Employment and unemployment statistics; ICLS 1925 ...

1998)1998) Volume of work and labour cost in an economy Volume of work and labour cost in an economy

Statistics of wages and hours of work (ICLS 1923, Statistics of wages and hours of work (ICLS 1923, 1925 ...)1925 ...)

Classifications:Classifications: Classification of industries and occupations (ICLS 1923, Classification of industries and occupations (ICLS 1923,

1925 …)1925 …) International Standard Classification of Occupations International Standard Classification of Occupations

(ISCO) (ICLS 1949, ..., 1988, 2008)(ISCO) (ICLS 1949, ..., 1988, 2008) International classification according to status in International classification according to status in

employment (ICSE) (ICLS 1957, 1993, 1998)employment (ICSE) (ICLS 1957, 1993, 1998)

The concept of Decent Work has been defined by The concept of Decent Work has been defined by the ILO and endorsed by the international the ILO and endorsed by the international community ascommunity as

““Opportunities for women and men to obtain Opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity”freedom, equity, security and human dignity”..

(Juan Somavia, ILO Director-General, 1999 ILC (Juan Somavia, ILO Director-General, 1999 ILC Report).Report).

ILO concept of decent work

Decent work as a global goalDecent work as a global goal

Decent work dimensions have not been Decent work dimensions have not been adequately covered in the past system of adequately covered in the past system of labour statistics.labour statistics.

Endorsed by ECOSOC, Presidential Summits Endorsed by ECOSOC, Presidential Summits and Head of State Summits in all regions, UN and Head of State Summits in all regions, UN system, European Union, etc.system, European Union, etc.

ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization (2008) endorses Decent Work Globalization (2008) endorses Decent Work Agenda:Agenda:

(i) Rights at work, (ii) Employment; (iii) Social (i) Rights at work, (ii) Employment; (iii) Social Protection; (iv) Social Dialogue and tripartism.Protection; (iv) Social Dialogue and tripartism.

Why Monitoring Employment Why Monitoring Employment and Decent Work now is and Decent Work now is

crucial ?crucial ? Labour market distress is rising and this trend Labour market distress is rising and this trend will continue well into 2011 and further, due to will continue well into 2011 and further, due to possible double dip in key economies.possible double dip in key economies.

Unemployment which stood at over 6% early in Unemployment which stood at over 6% early in the decade before decreasing between 2004 and the decade before decreasing between 2004 and 2007, has since increased dramatically to reach 2007, has since increased dramatically to reach about 10% on average in 2010. about 10% on average in 2010.

Relative to 2007, in 2010, there were 31 million Relative to 2007, in 2010, there were 31 million more unemployed (209 million unemployed), the more unemployed (209 million unemployed), the highest ever recorded. highest ever recorded.

Danger of long-term damage to job prospects and Danger of long-term damage to job prospects and productivity of current cohort of youth.productivity of current cohort of youth.

Strain on statistical resources to address the Strain on statistical resources to address the urgent decent work deficiturgent decent work deficit

Labour Statistics and Decent Work: Labour Statistics and Decent Work: commitments to monitor progress commitments to monitor progress

towards decent worktowards decent work 2008 Declaration on Social Justice for a 2008 Declaration on Social Justice for a

Fair Globalization recommends that ILO Fair Globalization recommends that ILO Members may consider: Members may consider: ““the establishment of appropriate indicators or the establishment of appropriate indicators or

statistics, if necessary with the assistance of the statistics, if necessary with the assistance of the ILO, to monitor and evaluate the progress made”ILO, to monitor and evaluate the progress made”

Monitoring of MDG Goal 1, Target 2: Monitoring of MDG Goal 1, Target 2: Achieve full and productive employment and Achieve full and productive employment and

decent work for all, including women and young decent work for all, including women and young people.people.

Strategic partnerships with NSOs, Ministries Strategic partnerships with NSOs, Ministries of Labour, Social Security institutions, of Labour, Social Security institutions, International organizations, development International organizations, development banks, Academia, workers’ and employers’ banks, Academia, workers’ and employers’ organizations, etc.organizations, etc.

Topics which have gained Topics which have gained prominence during the jobs prominence during the jobs

crisiscrisis Growing world labour force: need to have better estimatesGrowing world labour force: need to have better estimates

Informality: informal employment and employment in the Informality: informal employment and employment in the informal sector informal sector

Youth unemploymentYouth unemployment

Discouraged workers and new forms of “border cases”Discouraged workers and new forms of “border cases”

Sectorial labour statisticsSectorial labour statistics

Labour migrationLabour migration

Wage inequalityWage inequality

Green jobsGreen jobs

Rise of insecure forms of work (hours of work, self Rise of insecure forms of work (hours of work, self employment, temporary contracts)employment, temporary contracts)

Labour share, Productivity and Labour costsLabour share, Productivity and Labour costs

Impact of stimulus packages Impact of stimulus packages

How the ILO is moving forward (i)How the ILO is moving forward (i) Creation of Creation of thethe ILO Department of Statistics ILO Department of Statistics

reporting to the DG (2009)reporting to the DG (2009) New mandate: assuring quality in statistical New mandate: assuring quality in statistical

methods and products, promoting coordination methods and products, promoting coordination and coherence within the different ILO units (child and coherence within the different ILO units (child labour, labour market trends, social protection labour, labour market trends, social protection databases, regional information systems, etc.)databases, regional information systems, etc.)

Enhancing data compilation to cope with Enhancing data compilation to cope with increased demand (short-term and annual data)increased demand (short-term and annual data)

Development of new user-friendly, interactive ILO Development of new user-friendly, interactive ILO statistical database and portalstatistical database and portal

Collection of Decent Work Indicators from as Collection of Decent Work Indicators from as many countries as possiblemany countries as possible

How the ILO is moving forward How the ILO is moving forward (ii)(ii)

Development and application of time-series Development and application of time-series techniques at the international level (outliers, techniques at the international level (outliers, seasonal adjustment, etc.)seasonal adjustment, etc.)

Strengthening ILO’s technical assistance to Strengthening ILO’s technical assistance to developing countries, including preparation of developing countries, including preparation of manuals and guidelines.manuals and guidelines.

Capacity building to help constituents (NSOs, Capacity building to help constituents (NSOs, Ministries of Labour, Social Security Institutions, Ministries of Labour, Social Security Institutions, workers’ and employers’ organisations, etc.)workers’ and employers’ organisations, etc.)

Active involvement in the G20 reporting and Active involvement in the G20 reporting and discussiondiscussion

Launching of Working Groups to discuss Launching of Working Groups to discuss emerging topics for the 19th ICLS (2013): the emerging topics for the 19th ICLS (2013): the measurement of employment and unemploymentmeasurement of employment and unemployment

Working Group for the Working Group for the Advancement of Employment & Advancement of Employment &

Unemployment StatisticsUnemployment Statistics

PurposePurpose

To assist the ILO Department of Statistics with the To assist the ILO Department of Statistics with the

advancement of employment and unemployment advancement of employment and unemployment

statistics through developmental work on topics relevant statistics through developmental work on topics relevant

to a necessary revision or supplementation of the 13th to a necessary revision or supplementation of the 13th

ICLS (1982) ICLS (1982) Resolution on statistics of the economically Resolution on statistics of the economically

active population, employment, unemployment and active population, employment, unemployment and

underemploymentunderemployment, such as the , such as the development of development of

measures of labour underutilizatiomeasures of labour underutilization to supplement the n to supplement the

unemployment rate.unemployment rate.

Working Group for the Working Group for the Advancement of Employment & Advancement of Employment &

Unemployment StatisticsUnemployment Statistics ImportantImportant

The consultations that the Department has conducted The consultations that the Department has conducted

confirmed that that the current confirmed that that the current labour force framework labour force framework

remains relevant and adequate for the production of labour remains relevant and adequate for the production of labour

force statisticsforce statistics. .

However, there is need to render the framework more However, there is need to render the framework more

versatile (i.e. by developing new supplementary measures) versatile (i.e. by developing new supplementary measures)

and clear (through clarification of ambiguities in existing and clear (through clarification of ambiguities in existing

guidelines) so that it can continue to be relevant to recent guidelines) so that it can continue to be relevant to recent

labour market developments and policy priorities.labour market developments and policy priorities.

Working Group for the Working Group for the Advancement of Employment & Advancement of Employment &

Unemployment Statistics (Cont’d)Unemployment Statistics (Cont’d)Main expected outputsMain expected outputs

To be submitted to the 19th ICLS for consideration To be submitted to the 19th ICLS for consideration and possible adoption:and possible adoption:

Draft international statistical standard on (a) Draft international statistical standard on (a) measure(s) of labour underutilization to supplement measure(s) of labour underutilization to supplement the unemployment ratethe unemployment rate

Draft Draft recommendations for a possible revision or recommendations for a possible revision or supplementation of the 13supplementation of the 13thth ICLS (1982) ICLS (1982) Resolution Resolution on statistics of the economically active population, on statistics of the economically active population, employment, unemployment and underemploymentemployment, unemployment and underemployment

Working Group for the Working Group for the Advancement of Employment & Advancement of Employment &

Unemployment Statistics (Cont’d)Unemployment Statistics (Cont’d)Current WG membershipCurrent WG membership

Next session in October 2011 in Geneva.Next session in October 2011 in Geneva.

Regional discussions with ESCAP, ECLAC, ECA, Regional discussions with ESCAP, ECLAC, ECA, ESCWASESCWAS

Members are expert statisticians from NSO with Members are expert statisticians from NSO with in-depth knowledge of/experience in labour force in-depth knowledge of/experience in labour force statistics statistics

45 confirmed members from 30 countries or areas45 confirmed members from 30 countries or areas

+5 observers from Afristat, Eurostat, OECD, etc.+5 observers from Afristat, Eurostat, OECD, etc.

ILO Department of Statistics

EMPSTATS online EMPSTATS online platformplatform

Access by invitation only Access by invitation only (WG members), requires a (WG members), requires a user id and passworduser id and password

Searchable and accessible Searchable and accessible only by registered WG only by registered WG membersmembers

Registered WG members Registered WG members agree to treat all content agree to treat all content as confidentialas confidential

To become a WG member, To become a WG member, send request to ILO send request to ILO Department of Statistics Department of Statistics with name & affiliation of with name & affiliation of nominee expert labour nominee expert labour statisticianstatistician

http://papyrus.ilo.org/empstats/EMPSTATS

Enhancing data compilation to cope Enhancing data compilation to cope with increased demand: annual data, with increased demand: annual data,

including Decent Work indicatorsincluding Decent Work indicators Revision and restructuring of the current ILO Revision and restructuring of the current ILO

statistical database (LABORTSA) and statistical database (LABORTSA) and

Merging of the KILM database with a new database Merging of the KILM database with a new database of the Department of Statistics with relevant of the Department of Statistics with relevant modifications and improvements of the former: modifications and improvements of the former: Moving to one general ILO data portal: “ILOSTAT”Moving to one general ILO data portal: “ILOSTAT”

The ILO October Inquiry discontinued and a new The ILO October Inquiry discontinued and a new product developed using the DELPHI Survey exercise product developed using the DELPHI Survey exercise integrated into the new database.integrated into the new database.

The ILO Decent Work statistical indicators database The ILO Decent Work statistical indicators database set up, covering as many countries as possibleset up, covering as many countries as possible

Enhancing data compilation to cope with increased demand: short-term indicators

Principles and framework for Principles and framework for measuring decent work measuring decent work

Purpose: (i) to assist constituents to assess progress Purpose: (i) to assist constituents to assess progress towards decent work (PRS, National development towards decent work (PRS, National development frameworks and DWCP) and (ii) to offer comparable frameworks and DWCP) and (ii) to offer comparable information for analysis and policy development.information for analysis and policy development.

NO ranking of countries & NO composite index.NO ranking of countries & NO composite index.

Needs to cover all four dimensions of Decent Work Needs to cover all four dimensions of Decent Work derived from various sources: household and derived from various sources: household and establishment surveys, administrative records, establishment surveys, administrative records, qualitative information, among others.qualitative information, among others.

New framework recommended by the 18New framework recommended by the 18thth ICLS ICLS Model of international relevance that permits the Model of international relevance that permits the

adaptation to national circumstances adaptation to national circumstances Has the potential to evolve dynamically over the yearsHas the potential to evolve dynamically over the years.. A layered approach to indicators: Main, Additional, A layered approach to indicators: Main, Additional,

Context, Future and Legal Framework indicatorsContext, Future and Legal Framework indicators

Grouping of Decent Work IndicatorsGrouping of Decent Work Indicators

Grouping of indicators under 10 substantive elements of the Grouping of indicators under 10 substantive elements of the Decent Work Agenda plus one area on economic and social Decent Work Agenda plus one area on economic and social context:context: 1. Employment opportunities (1 + 2)1. Employment opportunities (1 + 2) 2. Adequate earnings and productive work (1 + 3)2. Adequate earnings and productive work (1 + 3) 3. Decent hours (1 + 3)3. Decent hours (1 + 3) 4. Combining work, family and personal life (1 + 3)4. Combining work, family and personal life (1 + 3) 5. Work that should be abolished (1 + 3)5. Work that should be abolished (1 + 3) 6. Stability and security of work (1, 2 + 3)6. Stability and security of work (1, 2 + 3) 7. Equal opportunity and treatment in employment 7. Equal opportunity and treatment in employment

(1, 2 + 3)(1, 2 + 3) 8. Safe work environment (1 + 3)8. Safe work environment (1 + 3) 9. Social security (1 + 3)9. Social security (1 + 3) 10. Social dialogue, workers’ and employers’ representation (1 10. Social dialogue, workers’ and employers’ representation (1

+ 4)+ 4) 11. Economic and social context for decent work11. Economic and social context for decent work

Note: (1) Rights at work (2) Employment opportunities (3) Social Protection Note: (1) Rights at work (2) Employment opportunities (3) Social Protection (4) Social Dialogue(4) Social Dialogue

Thank you!Thank you! 谢谢。谢谢。http://www.ilo.org/stat/lang--en/index.htmhttp://www.ilo.org/stat/lang--en/index.htm