Smart Parking Sensors Mollie Cannon ENGR 518 12/4/12.
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Transcript of Smart Parking Sensors Mollie Cannon ENGR 518 12/4/12.
Smart Parking SensorsMollie CannonENGR 51812/4/12
The Problem
•Number of cars on the road is increasing•Motorists struggle to find available
parking•Parking = source of frustration, CO2
emissions, waste of fuel, traffic jams
Taken from Google Images
The Solution
•Sensors that determine if a spot is occupied or not
•Data sent to smart phones and other devices to display where parking is available
Taken from Google Images
Types of Car Detection Sensors
1. Intrusive: installed beneath the pavement• Examples: active infrared sensors, inductive
loops, magnetometers, magnetoresistive sensors, pneumatic road tubes, piezoelectric cables, weigh-in-motion sensors
2. Non-intrusive: device mounted on a surface above or below parking space Examples: microwave radar, passive
acoustic array sensors, passive infrared sensors, RFID, ultrasonic, video image processing
Non-Intrusive Video Image Processing
Taken from Mitsubishi Electric
Video Image Processing•Analyzes video imagery to detect changes
between successive frames using CCTV
•RabbitCore Microcontroller image processing module detects space vacancy from CCTV feed
•Data analyzed on microcontroller before sent through Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
•Video sensor determines if space available
Video Image Processing
Positives• Low maintenance• Cost effective
Negatives• Problems due to incorrect
interpretation of data• Poor lighting around
camera leads to shadows mistaken as cars
IntrusiveMagnetoresistive
Taken from Libelium
Libelium Magnetic Field Sensor
•Detects presence of car through change in magnetic field
•Uses permalloy magnetic field sensor (MSF)
Taken from Libelium
Magnetic Field Sensor
•Thin film of permalloy•Film integrated in Wheatstone bridge
where resistance between 600-1200 Ω; Vsupply= 5V
•3-axis sensor•Output amplified and filtered•Converted from analog to digital•Limiting hysteresis effects
Node Placement
•Buried in pavement under parking spaces•Info relayed to rest of sensor network
through Waspmote’s Zigbee radio•Placement in ground depends on type of
parking spot
Libelium Sensor
•Can be programmed by USB connection or through wireless network
•Software upgrades performed over radio network so sensors remained buried
•Powered through two Lithium non-rechargeable batteries
Streetline
•Parking app for smart phone•Gives real time info on open parking
spaces
Future of Smart Parking Sensors•Used to predict future parking patterns•Used for pricing strategies•Contribute to smart cities
References1. http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4216891/
Smart-parking-sensor-platform-helps-city-motorists-save-time-and-fuel
2. http://www.libelium.com/documentation/waspmote/smart-parking-sensor-board_eng.pdf
3. http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-products/electronic-product-releases/operating-systems/4224976/Streetline-Unveils-Next-Generation-Smart-Parking-App-Platform--Parker%E2%84%A2
4. http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/itj/2009/114-127.pdf5. http://sfpark.org/how-it-works/6. http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/itj/2009/.101-113.pdf