Smarter cities: a public safety perspective

Mark Cleverley Director, Public Safety Solutions Global Government Industry

2007 was the first year in which

more than half the world was

living in cities.

By 2050 it will be 70%.

Every minute for the next 20

years, 30 people will leave rural

India for urban India. They will

need 500 new cities.

So a “Smarter Planet”

must be built by the cities

of the world

Energy

Projections show energy

consumption increasing by

50% in the next 25 years.

820 million people around the

world are undernourished. Yet

much of the food we produce is

wasted between field and fork.

In the last 100 years global

water usage has increased at

twice the rate of population

growth. Today, one in five

people still lacks clean drinking

water.

Food Water

… and growth is stressing every piece of our infrastructure

Only in cities can we simultaneously increase the efficiency and

sustainability of these systems to create the most livable environment

for the greatest number of people.

“When the burdens of the presidency seem unusually heavy, I always remind myself it could be worse. I could be a mayor”.

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Three critical technology and societal changes enrich the future

Instrumented

We can measure, sense and see the condition of practically everything.

Interconnected

People, systems and objects can communicate

and interact with each other in entirely new ways.

Intelligent

We can analyse and derive insight from larger and more

diverse sources of information, to predict and respond better to

change.

These changes offer to help cities become smarter –

instrumented, interconnected, intelligent

Traditional Approach Smarter Approach

Integrated data including sensors,

video and voice

Detailed and actionable

near-term predictions

Coordinated actions across

the city and stakeholders

Many disconnected and conflicting

data sources

Long range predictions

for trends and directions

Each department operates

in a disconnected silo

Variety of Information

Volume of Digital Data

Velocity of Decision Making

Information is

exploding

44x Digital data

growth through

2020

Sources of

insight are

multiplying

80% of information –

unstructured

content

Change

outpacing ability to

keep up

Performance gap

is widening

60% of mission leaders have

more data than they

can use

effectively

12x Increase in

performance by

organizations that

apply analytics

But the information age creates challenges for all

…and particular challenges for public safety are developing

Increase in information volume — much in unstructured formats

The community (law abiding and criminal) accesses and uses data in new ways—increasingly mobile and interconnected

Today’s economy and society are digitally interconnected - citizens expect public services to adapt

21% Forecast growth path in global CCTV installations 2011−13

$388 Billion Global cost of cyber crime

57% Percentage of city expenditure

attributed to public safety

Data overload Newly emerging threats

Increasing public expectations

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Sources: (1) “Global CCTV Market Analysis (2008-12) reported in Business Wire Feb 2011 (2) Norton Study Calculates Cost of Global Cybercrime:”, Symantec Sep 2011

(6) NY Times, March 2011(3) “Smarter, Faster, Cheaper: A benchmarking analysis of 100 US Cities, IBM, Feb 2011 (4) 'Twitter and BBM gave us riot intelligence - we decided

against pulling plug‘, Jo Best, Silicon.com, Aug 2011

Human Conditions

Crime Terrorism System Failure

Natural Disasters

Weather Health

Against Property,

People

Attacks - Major, Minor

Transportation/Utilities Infrastructure

Collapse

Biohazards, Pandemic

Winds, Heat, Rain

Earthquake, Flood,

Landslide

Event Failure

Riot Crush

Environmental Conditions

Public Safety

Public

To “Responding to crime and emergencies”

Add “Preventing crime and pre-empting emergencies”

Citizens’ expectations of their public safety agencies

are evolving

So the public safety mission must face difficult questions

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Transparency and

accountability

Fragmented

information

Global security

threats

Rising citizen

expectations

Need for high

performance

Continuing budget

pressures

Challenges fall into common categories

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In Canada the tangible social

and economic cost of crime

in was $31.4 billion, or $943

for each man, woman and

child in the country.

$943 per person In the US, using Iowa State

University's methodology, the

18,000 plus homicides recorded

in 2007 would cost roughly $300

billion

18,000 Homicides

What a male teenager

heading towards a life

of crime will cost

society

$3 Million

66% of people According to the British

Crime Survey 66% of

adults believe crime has

risen nationally in the past

few years

$3.4 Billion In New Zealand, government

spending on police, corrections

and justice has roughly

doubled to $3.4 billion in the

past 14 years, adjusted for

inflation - with little overall

effect on crime

$778 Billion The American Academy of

Actuaries disclosed that a

future large terrorist attack in

New York City could result in

$778 billion in insured losses.

But the need for continuing focus is clear

The “smarter city” can transform data into

actionable insight to build a safer, more efficient,

more accountable and desirable place.

Securing public safety in the 21st century requires a

concerted, extended, collaborative effort between businesses,

governments and individual citizens. That carries implications

for many policy and operational areas.

Perception of safety is essential to the health,

Vibrancy and economic trajectory of a city

A more holistic view of public

safety is emerging

Policing

Justice

Regional, national,

international links

Welfare, social services Critical infrastructure

Scattered information,

difficult interoperability,

many potential linkages

and opportunities Cyber security

Call centres Firefighting

Emergency medical

services

Public health Transportation

Buildings

Borders

Corrections

Education

Which will need rich integration and analytics capabilities

across a fragmented information landscape

Coordinating resources and processes to operate effectively

Anticipating problems to resolve them proactively

Leveraging information to make better decisions

Unified threat

assessment

and response

with cross

agency

collaboration

Proactive

planning and

decision

making, using

analytics for

prediction and

prevention

Responder

operational

insight through

interoperability

and

streamlining

information

provision Robust, varied

information

from a diverse

set of physical

and digital

sources and

providers

Improved

situational

awareness

through access

to common,

trusted

information

By developing key competencies, public safety agencies

can create a safer, more desirable environment

Lower crime increases use of

public transit

Better incident management lowers

civilian casualties

Easing traffic congestion improves emergency response

Liaising with social services enables early intervention

Easing traffic congestion improves emergency response

Analytics, collaboration and information sharing enable

interconnections across systems to improve outcomes

Predictive Analytics Identity Analytics

Video Analytics Advanced Analytics

Content Analytics Collaborative Case Management

Social Network Analytics Information Sharing and Resource Coordination

Analytics and collaboration will be force multipliers

Anonymous Resolution

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Global Name Recognition

Identity Insight

Threat and fraud detection that establishes unique identity,

discovers obvious and non-obvious relationships and monitors

events in light of that situational awareness.

Delivers culturally-relevant name analysis for individuals

and businesses with patented search and scoring

capabilities.

Inter-agency information sharing that discovers common

identities and relationships while maintaining privacy and

security by anonymizing PII.

Identity analytics…

Display Entities

Name

Location

Organization

Registration

Content analytics…

07/08/2012

Swallow and

LanguageWare merging

Company

Marie,

I have a LanguageWare RFP to complete for Acme Corp. by EOB Friday. We are presenting UIMA, WebSphere Portal, and

LanguageWare as the key components of the solution. To deliver this soln. we need LW support for creation of custom annotators,

especially for named-entity recognition. DJ and Alex mentioned that you were adding parsing to LW and were merging James Luke's

Swallow with LW Workbench. When will this be ready for customers? Also, could you provide software services as part of this RFP as

the customer will need support in creating custom annotator

English

Language

Identification Segmentation Normalization Classification Disambiguation Relationship

Extraction

Fuzzy matching Spelling correction, approx. lookup, hyphenation

Rules Regular expressions, parsing, grammars

EOB = end of business complete / completes / completed / …

support = noun (not verb) tank = vehicle (not container)

Acme Corp. request

LanguageWare as part of RFP

Person Date

Alex, DJ, Thomas, and Marie

“know each other”.

IBM Offering Questions

Deeper language analytics…

Fire assigns inspection resources based on risk rather than time

Police pinpoint hotspots, drive significant reductions in certain crimes

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Statistics drive confidence in your results and decisions

Modeling brings repeatability to ongoing decision making

Deployment maximizes the impact of analytics in your operation

Border Protection optimizes resource allocation for secondary search

EM predicts weather and highlights likely flood incidence earlier

Predictive analytics…

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Video analytics can help create safer urban environments

Coordination center Cameras

Searchable

video index

Responding agencies

Analyze Decide Act Capture

Sensor

Investigative

analysis

Analyze &

index Operational

dashboard

Response

event Real-time alerts

Event search /

pattern analysis

Continuing to advance video analytics capability

Abandoned package detection

Clothing color search – single, multiple

Crowd monitoring – estimation, activity

Tunnel entering, hatch opening

detection

Edge of platform activity

Falling onto tracks

Walking on tracks

Level crossing blocking

Improve citizen

relationships

Understand citizens needs to target new services cost-

effectively through different social media channels

Create Relationships. Build Advocacy. Improve Awareness.

Evaluate reputation and make evidence-based decisions

that target the right stakeholders at the right time

Gain early insight Faster awareness of trends, respond more quickly

with insight into potential problems, gather intelligence

from a major new open source

Enhance service

outcomes

Listen, measure and analyze social media performance to more effectively:

Social media analytics…

People are changing how they ask for help

Citizens are using different channels to participate

Yellow Button

Solution Developers

Yellow Button

Local Government

Community

Planning and operational decision making Daily life decision support

Data

Models

Services

Citizens

• Citizen sensor data

• Infrastructure sensors • Plans and schedules • Open city data

Crime/theft analysis Local travel analysis

Help through social media – expected response?

The converse of social media benefits

tac

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Non-Traditional / Non- Relational Data Sources

In-Motion

Analytics

Traditional / Relational Data Sources

Database At-Rest Data

Analytics

Results Traditional

Analytics

Stream

Analytics Ultra Low

Latency

Results

In-motion streams vs traditional analytics…

Real time crime center – founded on a crime information warehouse - in NYPD joins and analyses billions of records from multiple sources.

“It used to take us days to find a number or an address. Now we send stuff to detectives who are literally standing in the blood”.

Better, timelier, trusted information

fire

Secure mobile access

supply

Connecting mobile police officers to border crossing and visa systems to help comply with Schengen.

“The solution has allowed us to take a new look and

gain a totally different perspective on the data

that we've always had.” Jim Harvey, Deputy Chief of Administrative Services, Memphis Police

Department

• With traditional policing practices unable to

thwart a rising rate of criminal activity and

budgets tight, the Memphis Police

Department pioneered a way to focus their

patrol resources more intelligently.

• Using analytics and geospatial tools, helping to

recognize crime trends as they are happening,

MPD’s predictive capability enables precinct

commanders to change their tactics and redirect

their patrol resources to more effectively and

proactively deal with crime.

30% reduction in serious crime overall,

including a 37% reduction in crime in one

targeted area

15% reduction in violent crime

4x increase in the share of cases solved in

the MPD’s Felony Assault Unit, from 16

percent to nearly 70 percent

Overall improvement in the ability to allocate

police resource in a budget-constrained fiscal

environment

Hertfordshire maximized resources and decreased crime by

collaborating and integrating data

Hertfordshire

Do more with less by sharing data and collaborating to create a richer, more cohesive picture of intelligence

Decrease time spent on investigations by centralizing data so all teams are working off the same intelligence

Better brief executives and officers with easy to understand vizualisation

By integrating data from various public sector agencies and across jurisdictions, Hertfordshire Constabulary increased the value of their intelligence enabling them to maximize resources in the face of tightening budgets and decrease the crime rate.

“IBM helped us develop a collaborative and integrated approach to solving crimes that has helped us increase public satisfaction, decrease the crime rate and maximize our resources.”

Crime Fire Graffiti Social

10% increase in detections

Centralised command and control across different elements of response

Madrid’s Integrated Security and

Emergency Management Centre

provides a unified view of

complexity, reduces response

time, connects first responders of

all kinds – in the pursuit of

effective response and prevention.

Improved collaboration for preparedness

Provincial Disaster

Management and Emergency

Operations Centre, providing

a real time common operating

picture, and interoperability

across metro emergency

management operations and

public safety departments

rio

Rio de Janeiro operations

centre, developed to deal with

flooding, will incorporate other

city safety functions

Centralised preparedness and management

Improved fire safety

Collect and share real time data on building

inspections, link with maintenance databases…

use predictive analytics to move to risk-based

inspection… provide firefighters with up to date

information where and when they need it

The District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority is modernizing the management of the aging water and sewer infrastructure of the city, using advanced analytics, asset management software, and geospatial mapping applications.

Improving water infrastructure

food

From a municipality of 6000

people in upstate New York,

attackers tried to steal four

million dollars. Half a million

dollars are still missing.

Cities themselves are in the

firing line of cyber-crime.

Protecting cyberspace

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Cities are deploying cameras, microphones, building control systems – across public and private sectors – that can be brought together to help achieve the public safety mission.

Better situational awareness

fire

More broadly - analytics can drive insight to help inform and

manage all the operations and decisions of the city

• Leave a legacy

• Spend public funds responsibly

• Achieve specific outcomes from all agencies, departments and workgroups

• Tie together mission, operational and financial performance

Bring together large volumes and varieties of data to derive new,

actionable insights in many areas

Identify criminals and threats from

disparate video, audio, and data

feeds

Make risk decisions based on real-

time transactional data

Predict weather patterns to plan

optimal wind turbine usage, and

optimize capital expenditure on

asset placement

Detect life-threatening

conditions at hospitals in time

to intervene

Multi-channel customer sentiment

and experience a analysis

City at a glance

Event Management

Video Analytics And other solution

Connections

Workflow Management

Incident Escalation

Shared analytics capabilities – an intelligent operations centre

“Gentlemen, we have run out of money. Now we must think”.

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“Smarter” public safety – three key elements

Instrumented

Capture, collect, report, distribute information from where and to where and

when it is needed

Interconnected

Securely and appropriately integrate information and

communicate across broader sets of stakeholders

Intelligent

Use powerful analytics to derive actionable insight and execute through a common operational

picture

instrumented