Skills are back slc ase presentation

42
THE resource for GCSE 2011 how to succeed in new GCSE assessment Explaining our research-based teaching model for complex processes

description

How to succeed in new GCSE assessment. Explaining our research-based teaching model for complex processes.

Transcript of Skills are back slc ase presentation

Page 1: Skills are back slc ase presentation

THE resource for GCSE 2011

how to succeed in new GCSE assessment

Explaining our research-based teaching model for complex processes

Two scientists investigated animals

on islands compared with the

mainland Islands have different

conditions like being windy and may

lack food and shelter

Scientist A animals grow

BIGGER on islands

Scientist B animals grow

SMALLER on

islands

Look at these findings Figure out ndash if you can ndash how Darwinrsquos theory of natural selection can explain BOTH

ldquo ldquo ldquo Evil OCR examiner 4

marks

Look at this graph I bet you canrsquot use it to explain why a liquid cools when it evaporates

Molecules in a liquid do not all

have the same speed

No

of

mole

cule

s

Speed of molecules

ldquo ldquo Evil AQA examiner 6

marks

Read this Yoursquoll never be able to decide whether reducing the emissions will reduce global warming

Engines in large ships particles of

black soot and sulphate into the

atmosphere in their exhaust

In the Atlantic Ocean the soot often

lands on the Arctic ice But sulfates

stay in the atmosphere and reflect

sunlight

Campaigners want these emissions

greatly reduced

Evil Edexcel

examiner

ldquo ldquo 6

marks

Q1 Whatrsquos the pattern in pollution levels

Q2 When was pollution highest

Q3 Whatrsquos the average pollution level

Do explicitly teach the skills needed

AQA

OCR Edexcel

Gradual release of responsibility

1Break a complex process into small chunks

2Teach one at a time make the thinking visible

3Give whole-task guided practice with emphases

4Provide lsquoscaffoldsrsquo for the early stages

5Achieve fluency with more practice across context

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A teaching model for complex processes

Cognitive load theory

bullConnects the mindrsquos architecture to teaching

bullLimited processing capacity = lsquoworking memoryrsquo

bullUnlimited long-term memory

bullAvoid overload it stops learning amp problem-solving

bullGood instruction carefully limits cognitive load

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A theoretical basis for the teacing model

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 2: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Two scientists investigated animals

on islands compared with the

mainland Islands have different

conditions like being windy and may

lack food and shelter

Scientist A animals grow

BIGGER on islands

Scientist B animals grow

SMALLER on

islands

Look at these findings Figure out ndash if you can ndash how Darwinrsquos theory of natural selection can explain BOTH

ldquo ldquo ldquo Evil OCR examiner 4

marks

Look at this graph I bet you canrsquot use it to explain why a liquid cools when it evaporates

Molecules in a liquid do not all

have the same speed

No

of

mole

cule

s

Speed of molecules

ldquo ldquo Evil AQA examiner 6

marks

Read this Yoursquoll never be able to decide whether reducing the emissions will reduce global warming

Engines in large ships particles of

black soot and sulphate into the

atmosphere in their exhaust

In the Atlantic Ocean the soot often

lands on the Arctic ice But sulfates

stay in the atmosphere and reflect

sunlight

Campaigners want these emissions

greatly reduced

Evil Edexcel

examiner

ldquo ldquo 6

marks

Q1 Whatrsquos the pattern in pollution levels

Q2 When was pollution highest

Q3 Whatrsquos the average pollution level

Do explicitly teach the skills needed

AQA

OCR Edexcel

Gradual release of responsibility

1Break a complex process into small chunks

2Teach one at a time make the thinking visible

3Give whole-task guided practice with emphases

4Provide lsquoscaffoldsrsquo for the early stages

5Achieve fluency with more practice across context

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A teaching model for complex processes

Cognitive load theory

bullConnects the mindrsquos architecture to teaching

bullLimited processing capacity = lsquoworking memoryrsquo

bullUnlimited long-term memory

bullAvoid overload it stops learning amp problem-solving

bullGood instruction carefully limits cognitive load

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A theoretical basis for the teacing model

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 3: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Look at this graph I bet you canrsquot use it to explain why a liquid cools when it evaporates

Molecules in a liquid do not all

have the same speed

No

of

mole

cule

s

Speed of molecules

ldquo ldquo Evil AQA examiner 6

marks

Read this Yoursquoll never be able to decide whether reducing the emissions will reduce global warming

Engines in large ships particles of

black soot and sulphate into the

atmosphere in their exhaust

In the Atlantic Ocean the soot often

lands on the Arctic ice But sulfates

stay in the atmosphere and reflect

sunlight

Campaigners want these emissions

greatly reduced

Evil Edexcel

examiner

ldquo ldquo 6

marks

Q1 Whatrsquos the pattern in pollution levels

Q2 When was pollution highest

Q3 Whatrsquos the average pollution level

Do explicitly teach the skills needed

AQA

OCR Edexcel

Gradual release of responsibility

1Break a complex process into small chunks

2Teach one at a time make the thinking visible

3Give whole-task guided practice with emphases

4Provide lsquoscaffoldsrsquo for the early stages

5Achieve fluency with more practice across context

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A teaching model for complex processes

Cognitive load theory

bullConnects the mindrsquos architecture to teaching

bullLimited processing capacity = lsquoworking memoryrsquo

bullUnlimited long-term memory

bullAvoid overload it stops learning amp problem-solving

bullGood instruction carefully limits cognitive load

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A theoretical basis for the teacing model

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 4: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Read this Yoursquoll never be able to decide whether reducing the emissions will reduce global warming

Engines in large ships particles of

black soot and sulphate into the

atmosphere in their exhaust

In the Atlantic Ocean the soot often

lands on the Arctic ice But sulfates

stay in the atmosphere and reflect

sunlight

Campaigners want these emissions

greatly reduced

Evil Edexcel

examiner

ldquo ldquo 6

marks

Q1 Whatrsquos the pattern in pollution levels

Q2 When was pollution highest

Q3 Whatrsquos the average pollution level

Do explicitly teach the skills needed

AQA

OCR Edexcel

Gradual release of responsibility

1Break a complex process into small chunks

2Teach one at a time make the thinking visible

3Give whole-task guided practice with emphases

4Provide lsquoscaffoldsrsquo for the early stages

5Achieve fluency with more practice across context

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A teaching model for complex processes

Cognitive load theory

bullConnects the mindrsquos architecture to teaching

bullLimited processing capacity = lsquoworking memoryrsquo

bullUnlimited long-term memory

bullAvoid overload it stops learning amp problem-solving

bullGood instruction carefully limits cognitive load

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A theoretical basis for the teacing model

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 5: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Q1 Whatrsquos the pattern in pollution levels

Q2 When was pollution highest

Q3 Whatrsquos the average pollution level

Do explicitly teach the skills needed

AQA

OCR Edexcel

Gradual release of responsibility

1Break a complex process into small chunks

2Teach one at a time make the thinking visible

3Give whole-task guided practice with emphases

4Provide lsquoscaffoldsrsquo for the early stages

5Achieve fluency with more practice across context

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A teaching model for complex processes

Cognitive load theory

bullConnects the mindrsquos architecture to teaching

bullLimited processing capacity = lsquoworking memoryrsquo

bullUnlimited long-term memory

bullAvoid overload it stops learning amp problem-solving

bullGood instruction carefully limits cognitive load

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A theoretical basis for the teacing model

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 6: Skills are back slc ase presentation

AQA

OCR Edexcel

Gradual release of responsibility

1Break a complex process into small chunks

2Teach one at a time make the thinking visible

3Give whole-task guided practice with emphases

4Provide lsquoscaffoldsrsquo for the early stages

5Achieve fluency with more practice across context

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A teaching model for complex processes

Cognitive load theory

bullConnects the mindrsquos architecture to teaching

bullLimited processing capacity = lsquoworking memoryrsquo

bullUnlimited long-term memory

bullAvoid overload it stops learning amp problem-solving

bullGood instruction carefully limits cognitive load

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A theoretical basis for the teacing model

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 7: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Gradual release of responsibility

1Break a complex process into small chunks

2Teach one at a time make the thinking visible

3Give whole-task guided practice with emphases

4Provide lsquoscaffoldsrsquo for the early stages

5Achieve fluency with more practice across context

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A teaching model for complex processes

Cognitive load theory

bullConnects the mindrsquos architecture to teaching

bullLimited processing capacity = lsquoworking memoryrsquo

bullUnlimited long-term memory

bullAvoid overload it stops learning amp problem-solving

bullGood instruction carefully limits cognitive load

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A theoretical basis for the teacing model

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 8: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Cognitive load theory

bullConnects the mindrsquos architecture to teaching

bullLimited processing capacity = lsquoworking memoryrsquo

bullUnlimited long-term memory

bullAvoid overload it stops learning amp problem-solving

bullGood instruction carefully limits cognitive load

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

A theoretical basis for the teacing model

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 9: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Vecteurs Le concept de direction eacutetablit une relation entre deux points dans lespace cest-agrave la laquodirectionraquo dun point agrave un autre Par exemple la direction du point A au point B peut ecirctre deacutesigneacute de A agrave B tandis que la direction opposeacutee serait dans ce cas B-to-A La direction est sans dimension cest il na pas duniteacute de mesure et repreacutesente seulement une ligne de deacutesigner le sens de partir agrave (de A agrave B) sans aucun sens de laquocombienraquo qui est consideacutereacute comme l importance dune quantiteacute mesurable

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 10: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

A tool for GCSE

10

Title slide Title slide

How wersquove embedded the researchtheory

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 11: Skills are back slc ase presentation

ELICIT 11

To improve your analytical skills by

Comparing some physical properties

of copper and aluminium

Drawing up a table to organise data

Displaying patterns in the data

on a chart or graph

11

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 12: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Engage - context

12

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Starter 1

discuss

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 13: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Starter 1

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 14: Skills are back slc ase presentation

14

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

and thefts continue to rise

Could cables

be made from a

less valuable

metal

More science discuss

Overall task

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 15: Skills are back slc ase presentation

15

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Irsquove done some conductivity tests

Aluminium looks promising

Organise my findings

so I can include them

in this report

Students given data

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 16: Skills are back slc ase presentation

16

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Collect

RESULTS

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

1 Complete a table

Breakdown of skill draw table

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 17: Skills are back slc ase presentation

17

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable) and

give their units (if they have any)

Main 1 training slide 1

Choose this sort of table because

the current has been measured

It does not need to be

calculated

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

17

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Make step-by-step thinking visible

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 18: Skills are back slc ase presentation

18

Make space for each set of

results If these are repeats

add space for an average

Main 1 training slide 2

We have 2 results for each

metal so wersquoll need an

average column

Type

of

metal

Current in cable

(amps)

1 2 average

18

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 19: Skills are back slc ase presentation

19

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1

Aluminium isnrsquot such a good conductor

but perhaps we can compensate by

using thicker cables

Show how the current

changes when the

cable diameter

increases

Next process draw graph

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 20: Skills are back slc ase presentation

20

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Breakdown of skill plot graph

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 21: Skills are back slc ase presentation

The independent

variable tested

goes on the

X axis

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

21

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

The dependent

variable measured

goes on the

Y axis

Main 1 training slide 5

Make step-by-step thinking visible

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 22: Skills are back slc ase presentation

for the Y axis

range = 740-40 = 700

700divide8 = 87

so round up to 100

Itrsquos fine to label

alternate lines

600

800

200

400

0

Only start at

zero if some of

your results

are close to

zero

22

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Cable diameter (mm)

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

Main 1 training slide 6

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 23: Skills are back slc ase presentation

for the X axis

range = 20-5 = 15

15divide5 = 3

so round up to 5

but its neater to label

every other square

600

800

200

400

0

10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

Write the values

on lines ndash not in gaps

Each

cm must

be worth

the same

number

of units

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

23

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 7

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 24: Skills are back slc ase presentation

600

800

200

400

0 10 20

Cable diameter (mm)

X

X

X

X

Cu

rren

t in

cable (am

ps)

24 24

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Main 1 training slide 9

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 25: Skills are back slc ase presentation

25

Choosing scales

1 Take the smallest Y-

value from

the largest to find the range

eg 50 ndash 0 = 50

2 Divide this range by

the number

of squares on the Y axis

eg 50 divide12 = 45

3 Round the result up

to choose what each square will

represent

eg make each square worth 5

4 Repeat 1-3 for the X-

axis

If itrsquos clear why a result is

anomalous leave it out

The 7 is an outlier

It is an anomalous result

so it should be checked

Use a line graph to

show what happens

to Y as X increases

Calculate

AVERAGES

Add

SPACES

Choose

HEADINGS

Check the results

as you collect them

Y can be measured Y is calculated from A and B

Collect

RESULTS

Analyser

SS1

X

(units)

Y (units)

Name X (the independent variable)

and Y (the dependent variable)

and give their units

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Make space for each set of results

If these are repeats add space for an average

X

(units)

Y (units)

1 2 3 Average

a

b

X

(units)

A

(units)

B

(units)

Y

(units)

Average

Y (units)

a

b

eg 2 7 3

eg Average = (2+7+3) = 4

3

But 7 is anomalous so a more

trustworthy average is (2+3) = 25

2

NO

its values are words

or discrete numbers

like shoe sizes

Is X a continuous variable

Write the

X values

in spaces

Write the

Y values

on lines

Use a line

of best fit or

curve to show

the trend

Write the

X and Y values

on the lines

not in the gaps

Only start at zero if some of

your results are close to zero

Each cm must be worth

the same number of units

1 Complete a table

2 Plot a chart or graph

Use a bar chart

to compare the

values of Y

The scale

must go up

in equal

steps

YES

its values can be

any number like length

or temperature

Scaffold sheet given to students

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 26: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Edexcel

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 27: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Edexcel P2F Q6

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 28: Skills are back slc ase presentation

Decompose

it

What knowledge and skills are

needed to get the 12 marks

6 marks explanation

6 marks QWC

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 29: Skills are back slc ase presentation

30

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

describe the

PATTERN

give

NUMBERS

suggest

REASONS

spot the

TREND

Give details Check

the common patterns

for ideas

Say what happens to Y as

X increases Use the

names of these variables

Use scientific ideas to

suggest reasons for any

pattern or difference

Say what

is different

about them

Common patterns

positive correlation

negative correlation

Y changes by

the same amount

for each increase

in X

Y changes

more slowly

as X gets larger

Y changes

more quickly

as X gets larger

Y is directly

proportional to X

so if X doubles

Y doubles

Y fluctuates

X

Y

Y increases

as X increases

1 graph Y does not

change

Y decreases

as X increases

2 graphs or

one with 2 parts

In graph A

Y changes

more for each

increase in X

In graph A

Y reaches a

higher

maximum

value

Y is inversely

proportional to X

if X times Y always

gives the same value

Y rises reaches a

peak and then falls

Choose values to illustrate

any pattern or difference

These values

show that

Y increases

These show

what is different

about the graphs

COMPARE

numbers

1 graph 2 or more

Use numbers

to show how big

any difference is

In graph A

the maximum value

of Y is double what

it is in graph B

gradient = change in Y

change in X

The gradient of

graph A is four

times the gradient

of graph B

Worked examples

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

X

Y

2

1

0

A

B

Analyser

X

Y

X

Y

X

Y

210

Between 0

and 1

but between

1 and 2

X

Y

SS1b Analyser Lifeline 2

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Download samples at

upd8orgukcrucial

Scaffold sheet given to students

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 30: Skills are back slc ase presentation

AQA

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 31: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Teach complex

processes

Teach content and

apply processes

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 32: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

lsquoReasonerrsquo uses banning sun beds to teach

- identify conflicting evidence and weaknesses

- decide how well evidence supports a claim

- suggest further tests

lsquoCommunicatorrsquo uses games to teach QWC

- analyse a question for meaning

- identify key points

- organise them logically

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 33: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Limestone (Edexcel) Students battle with

lsquosinkholesrsquo and silence campaignersrsquo

objections to a mega quarry

Energy transfer (AQA) Students model the

cooling system of a laptop to get to the bottom

of a fire casualty

Heart disease (OCR) Students diagnose and

treat a mysterious AampE hospital case by

analysing conflicting data

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 34: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy CSE and ASE 2011 This page may have been changed from the original

Presents

An Application for AQA

35

Title slide

Sample lsquoApplication lessonrsquo

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 35: Skills are back slc ase presentation

ELICIT STARTER 36

Objectives

Find out how harmful bacteria form

antibiotic-resistant strains

Discover why resistant strains

spread rapidly

Draw conclusions from evidence about

new ways of treating infections

36

copy Association for Science Education and Centre for Science Education 2011

Objectives

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 36: Skills are back slc ase presentation

37

Scientists are testing new

weapons against superbugs

ELICIT STARTER

cockroach

brains

silver

nanoparticles

honey

Is there enough evidence

to show that they work

Main 2 task

SS3 ndash 6

Are any worth funding

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 37: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Research SS3

Scientist Simon Lee UK

Investigation

grow two types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach brain juice and leave for

two hours at 37 ordmC

Type of bacteria Percentage of bacteria

killed

MRSA

More than 90

Escherichia coli More than 90

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the

bacteria your bodyrsquos immune system

can kill the rest

Results

Scientist UM Seraj Bangladesh

Investigation

grow different types of bacteria on agar plates

add cockroach juice and leave overnight at 37 ordmC

SS3

SS3

Zon

e of clearan

ce (m

m)

Type of bacteria

Results

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 38: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy CSE and ASE 2011 copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Arne Simon Germany

Research SS4

Observations

A 12-year old leukaemia patient

had an MRSA-infected wound

Doctors treated the wound with

antiseptic for 12 days It did not

get better

Then doctors treated the wound with

Australian medical honey made from

Manuka flowers Two days later the

wound had cleared up

Manuka

flowers

Scientist Ahmed Sukari Halim Malaysia

Investigation

anaesthetise 36 rats and make burn

wounds on them

infect the rat wounds with bacteria

cover the wounds with honey

SS4

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS4

Results

Relative n

um

ber of

bacteria

days after honey dressings applied

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 39: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy CSE and ASE 2011

Scientist Nilda Ayala-Nuacuteṅez Mexico

Investigation

Add silver nanoparticles to resistant bacteria on agar plates

Leave for 24 hours at 35 ordmC

Type of resistant

bacteria

Percentage of bacteria

destroyed after 24 hours

S pyogenes 997

P aerugionosa 928

E coli 957

Results

If an antibiotic kills 90 of the bacteria your

bodyrsquos immune system can kill the rest

SS5

SS5

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 40: Skills are back slc ase presentation

copy CSE and ASE 2011

SS6

Reasoner

NO support

Is there any

evidence to support

the claim

Explain HOW WELL the evidence

supports the claim overall Explain why the

evidence opposes the

claim or is irrelevant

Suggest a different claim that

fits the evidence better

Suggest a test to make

the claim stronger

Describe the results

you expect if the

claim is correct

Does

each piece of evidence

support the claim CHECK

EVIDENCE

SUMMARISE

Say the claim could

be wrong Suggest a

claim that fits the

evidence better

A LITTLE support A LOT of support

More than 1 piece of evidence 1 piece of evidence

NEXT STEPS

or hypothesis

Use this lifeline to make

conclusions from the lab data Start here

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne

Page 41: Skills are back slc ase presentation

upd8orgukcrucial

Special offer pound100 off Just like us at

scienceupd8

email tonysherborneupd8orguk

tonysherborne