[Sistem Informasi dan Model Pengembangannya].
Transcript of [Sistem Informasi dan Model Pengembangannya].
SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA
| Pertemuan 1 | SISTEM INFORMASI DAN MODEL PENGEMBANGANNYA
Program Magister Manajemen | Akuntansi Pemerintahan
Dr. Tb. Maulana Kusuma [email protected] | http://mkusuma.staff.gunadarma.ac.id
KONSEP INFORMASI: DATA vs INFORMASI
Data: raw facts– Alphanumeric, image, audio, and video
Information– Organized collection of facts– Have value beyond the facts themselves
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Defining and organizing relationships among data creates information.
Identical data can be represented in different formations different meaning / information.
DATA vs INFORMASI (lanjutan)
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TRANSFORMASI DATA MENJADI INFORMASI
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KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI
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KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI (lanjutan)
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SISTEM INFORMASI Set of interrelated components: collect,
manipulate, disseminate data and information Provide feedback to meet an objective Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems,
course reservation systems
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UNSUR-UNSUR SISTEM INFORMASI
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SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS KOMPUTER
Manual vs Computerized information systems Computer-based information system (CBIS)
– Hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures
– Collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information
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KOMPONEN CBIS
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ERA SISTEM INFORMASI Data Processing (DP) Era
– To improve operational efficiency by automating information-based processes
Management Information Systems (MIS) Era– To increase management effectiveness by satisfying their
information requirements for decision making Strategic Information Systems (SIS) Era
– To improve competitiveness by changing the nature or conduct of business –IS/IT as a source of competitive advantage
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JENIS-JENIS SISTEM INFORMASI Transaction processing systems (TPS)
– Capture and record information about organization’s transactions
Management information systems (MIS)– Take information captured by TPS – Produce reports for planning and control
Decision support / knowledge-based systems (DSS/KBS)– Explore impact of available options or decisions (what-if
scenarios)– Automate routine decision making
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JENIS-JENIS SISTEM INFORMASI (lanjutan)
Enterprise applications– Highly integrated systems that support company-wide operations and data
– Often combine aspects of TPS, MIS, DSS/KBS
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Communication support systems– Facilitate communication internally and with customers and suppliers
Office support systems– Help employees create and share documents
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RENCANA STRATEGIS SISTEM INFORMASI
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CONTOH STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DIVISI SISTEM INFORMASI
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SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN
Management information system (MIS)– A collection of people, procedures, software, databases,
devices– Provides information to managers/decision makers
Primary focus is operational efficiency MIS outputs
– Scheduled reports– Demand reports– Exception reports
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SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN
Decision support system (DSS)– A collection of people, procedures, software,
databases, devices– Supports problem-specific decision making
Focus is on decision-making effectiveness
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UNSUR SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN
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UNSUR SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN (lanjutan)
Model base: provides decision makers access to a variety of models and assists them in decision making
Database External database access Access to the Internet and corporate intranet,
networks, and other computer systems Dialogue manager: allows decision makers to easily
access and manipulate the DSS and to use common business terms and phrases
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KEMAMPUAN SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN
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PERBANDINGAN MIS DAN DSS
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PERBANDINGAN MIS DAN DSS (lanjutan)
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KEGAGALAN DALAM PEMANFAATAN INVESTASI TI
Investments made only in technology; Not understanding or analyzing the nature of
activities that the technology is to support – strategically or operationally – in the organization.
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ADAPTASI TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI
Technology diffusion: measure of widespread use of technology
Technology infusion: extent to which technology permeates a department
Technology acceptance model (TAM): specifies factors that can lead to higher acceptance and usage of technology
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SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA
Sistem yang digunakan untuk inventarisasi dan pengelolaan kekayaan negara berbantuan komputer.
Perancangan, pembuatan dan pengelolaan sistem dibawah kendali Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara (DJKN).
DJKN dibentuk sesuai Perpres No. 66 / 2006.
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DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN NEGARA
Direktorat Jenderal yang mempunyai tugas merumuskan serta melaksanakan kebijakan dan standarisasi teknis di bidang kekayaan negara, piutang negara dan lelang sesuai dengan kebijakan yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Keuangan, dan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id26
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN NEGARA (lanjutan)
VISI"Menjadi Pengelola kekayaan Negara, Piutang Negara dan Lelang yang Bertanggung Jawab untuk Sebesar-besar Kemakmuran Rakyat".
MISI Mewujudkan optimalisasi penerimaan, efisiensi pengeluaran dan efektifitas
pengelolaan kekayaan negara; Mengamankan kekayaan negara melalui pembangunan database serta
penyajian jumlah dan nilai eksisting kekayaan negara; Mewujudkan nilai kekayaan negara yang wajar dan dapat dijadikan sebagai
acuan dalam berbagai keperluan penilaian; Melaksanakan pengurusan piutang negara yang efisien, efektif, transparan
dan akuntabel; Mewujudkan lelang sebagai instrumen jual beli yang mampu
mengakomodasikan kepentingan masyarakat. Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id27
DIREKTORAT HUKUM DAN INFORMATIKATUGAS DAN FUNGSIDi bidang hukum, bertugas melaksanakan pengharmonisasian dan penyusunan peraturan perundangan dan petunjuk teknis dibidang pengelolaan kekayaan negara, penilaian, pengurusan piutang negara, dan pelaksanaan lelang, termasuk di dalamnya kegiatan koordinasi penyusunan rancangan peraturan, evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan peraturan, publikasi dan pengelolaan dokumen hukum, penyiapan petunjuk pelaksanaan pemberian bantuan hukum, dan pelaksanaan bantuan hukum. Di bidang informatika, bertugas melaksanakan penyiapan bahan pengembangan sistem informasi di bidang kekayaan negara, penilaian, piutang negara dan lelang; pengolahan data, layanan informasi dan pengelolaan pusat informasi, pelaksanaan bimbingan teknis sistem informasi, penyusunan manual sistem dan dokumentasi program aplikasi, dan pembinaan jabatan fungsional Pranata Komputer.
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id28
STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DIREKTORAT HUKUM DAN INFORMATIKA
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id29
SMIPT-KN
Sistem Manajemen Informasi Pelayanan Terpadu – Kekayaan Negara.
Sistem yang digunakan untuk inventarisasi kekayaan negara.
Pengelolanya adalah Direktorat Hukum dan Informasi, Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara.
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id30
PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN
DJKN memiliki 19.000 Satuan Kerja (Satker) untuk menangani Sistem Akuntansi Barang Milik Negara (SABMN).
Dari 19.000 Satker, 7000 Satker telah menggunakan komputer.
SMIPT-KN didukung oleh 87 Unit Kerja diseluruh Indonesia, dimana setiap Unit Kerja memiliki 50-400 orang karyawan.
Sumber: DJKN melalui wawancara31
PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN (lanjutan)
SMIPT-KN menggunakan Oracle sebagai basis data-nya dan dilengkapi fitur geographic information system (GIS), serat mampu melakukan scanning dokumen penunjang.
Sumber daya manusia di kantor pusat terdiri dari 11 orang yang dibantu oleh pihak lain melalui outsourcing.
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PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN (lanjutan)
Menyiapkan cetak biru (blue print) dan aplikasi SMIPT-KN yang dimulai pada tahun 2008 selama 3 tahun.
Dalam jangka waktu 5 tahun ke depan (tahun 2013), seluruh kekayaan negara sudah didokumentasikan didalam SMIPT-KN.
Saat ini sistem belum tersedia dan proses perancangan masih belum bisa diakses oleh publik.
Sumber: DJKN melalui wawancara33
PENGHAPUSAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA SELAIN TANAH DAN/ATAU BANGUNAN
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id34
PEMINDAHTANGANAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA
Sumber: http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id35
GAMBARAN UMUM PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM
System development project– Planned undertaking with fixed beginning and end– Produces desired result or product – Can be a large job with thousands of hours of effort or a
small one-month project Successful development project
– Provides a detailed plan to follow– Organized, methodical sequence of tasks and activities– Produces reliable, robust, and efficient system
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SIKLUS PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)– Provides overall framework for managing systems
development process Two main approaches to SDLC
– Predictive approach – assumes project can be planned out in advance
– Adaptive approach – more flexible, assumes project cannot be planned out in advance
All projects use some variation of SDLC
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PREDICTIVE vs ADAPTIVE
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PENDEKATAN SDLC TRADISIONAL Project planning – initiate, ensure feasibility,
plan schedule, obtain approval for project Analysis – understand business needs and
processing requirements Design – define solution system based on
requirements and analysis decisions Implementation – construct, test, train users,
and install new system Support – keep system running and improve
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MODEL SIKLUS SDLC TRADISIONAL
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PENDEKATAN SDLC ADAPTIF Based on spiral model
– Project cycles through development activities over and over until project is complete
– Prototype created by end of each cycle– Focuses on mitigating risk
Iteration – Work activities are repeated
– Each iteration refines previous result
– Approach assumes no one gets it right the first time
– There are a series of mini projects for each iteration
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MODEL SIKLUS SPIRAL
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MODEL SIKLUS ITERATIF
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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP PERENCANAAN
Define business problem and scope. Produce detailed project schedule. Confirm project feasibility
– Economic, organizational, technical, resource, and schedule.
Staff the project (resource management). Launch project official announcement.
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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP ANALISIS
Gather information to learn problem domain Define system requirements Build prototypes for discovery of requirements Prioritize requirements Generate and evaluate alternatives Review recommendations with management
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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP PERANCANGAN
Design and integrate the network Design the application architecture Design the user interfaces Design the system interfaces Design and integrate the database Prototype for design details Design and integrate system controls
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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP IMPLEMENTASI
Construct software components Verify and test Convert data Train users and document the system Install the system
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KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP SUPPORT
Maintain system– Small patches, repairs, and updates
Enhance system– Small upgrades or enhancements to expand system
capabilities– Larger enhancements may require separate
development project Support users
– Help desk and/or support team
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TREND PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM
Mengutamakan pendekatan adaptif, seperti: The Unified Process (UP) – iterative and incremental
software development process framework. Extreme Programming (XP) – a development process
that is more responsive to customer needs than traditional methods, while creating software of better quality.
Agile Modeling – hybrid of UP and XP. Scrum – an iterative incremental process of software
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ralph Stair and George Reynolds, Fundamentals of Information Systems,
John Satzinger, Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition, Thomson Learning, 2006.
Situs Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara <http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id>
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