Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Sufianto Mahfudz 1

• Kode M.K.:

• Nama M.K.: Sistem Informasi Manajemen

• Dosen : Sufianto Mahfudz

• Jumlah SKS: 2

• Tatap Muka: 100 menit

• Jumlah Pertemuan: 16 minggu

• Syarat minimum kuliah: 80%

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Sufianto Mahfudz 2

• Kehadiran : 10% x Total Pertemuan

• Quiz : 10% (tdk terjadwal)

• Tugas : 25% (ditentukan)

• UTS : 25% (terjadwal)

• UAS : 30% (terjadwal)

• Syarat minimum kuliah: 80%

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Bagian-I: Organisasi Bagian-I: Organisasi Manajemen, dan Jaringan Manajemen, dan Jaringan

PerusahaanPerusahaan

Bab-1: MENGELOLA Bab-1: MENGELOLA FIRMA DIGITALFIRMA DIGITAL

Kuliah 1

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Lingkungan Bisnis yang Kompetitif dan Berkembangnya Perusahaan Digital (Digital Firm)

KENAPA SISTEM INFORMASI PERLU?

Empat perubahan besar berskala dunia yang telah merubah lingkungan bisnis:

1. Berkembangnya Ekonomi Global

2. Transformasi dari Ekonomi Industri

3. Transformasi dari Business Enterprise

4. Berkembangnya Digital Firm

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

Berkembangnya Ekonomi Globala) Manajemen dan kontrol dalam pasar global

b) Kompetisi dalam pasar dunia

c) Kelompok kerja global

d) Sistem pengiriman digital

Lingkungan Bisnis yang Kompetitif dan Berkembangnya Perusahaan Digital (Digital Firm)

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

Transformasi dari Industrial Economies

a) Perekonomian berbasis pengetahuan dan informasi (Knowledge- and information-based economies)

b) Produktivitasc) Produk dan jasa barud) Pengetahuan (knowledge): aset produktif dan

strategis utama (central productive and strategic asset)

Lingkungan Bisnis yang Kompetitif dan Berkembangnya Perusahaan Digital (Digital Firm)

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

Transformasi dari Industrial Economies

e) Kompetisi berbasis waktu (time-based competition)

f) Umur produk yang lebih pendek/singkat

g) Lingkungan yang turbulen

h) Terbatasnya knowledge base para pekerja

The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Gambar 1-1

Komposisi Tenaga Kerja 1900-2000

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

190019101920193019401950

Komposisi Tenaga Kerja 1900-2000

19601970198019972000

Year

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

Transformasi dari Business Enterprise

a) Flattening (perampingan)b) Desentralisasi (otonomi di-bagian2)c) Fleksibilitas (keluwesan)d) Bebas lokasi (location independence)e) Biaya transaksi dan koordinasi yang rendahf) Pemberdayaan (empowerment)g) Kerja kolaboratif dan teamwork

The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

Berkembangnya Digital Firma) Hubungan dengan pelanggan, pemasok, dan

pekerja dapat dilangsungkan secara digitalb) Proses bisnis inti dapat dilaksanakan melalui

jaringan digitalc) Manajemen secara digital dari aset utama

perusahaan (key corporate assets)d) Kepekaan yang tinggi dan respon yang cepat

terhadap perubahan lingkungan

The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

4 Sistem Utama yang Menjadi Ciri Digital Firm

a. Sistem manajemen rantai suplai (Supply chain management systems)

b. Sistem manajemen akrab pelanggan (Customer relationship management systems)

c. Sistem Entreprise (Enterprise systems)

d. Sistem manajemen pengetahuan (Knowledge management systems)

The Competitive Business Environment and the Emerging Digital Firm

Tujuh teratas dari 40 orang terkaya di bawah

umur 40 tahun di Amerika Serikat tahun 2004

adalah dari kalangan teknologi informasi

Fortune, September 20, 2004

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Sekumpulan komponen yang saling berhubungan yg mengumpulkan atau mengambil, memproses, menyimpan, dan mendistribusikan informasi untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan dan pengawasan di dalam suatu organisasi (a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Apakah Sistem Informasi itu?

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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• Data: Kumpulan fakta-fakta mentah yang merepresentasikan peristiwa-peristiwa seperti transaksi bisnis (streams of raw facts representing events such as business transactions)

• Informasi: Kelompok fakta-fakta yang bermakna dan berguna bagi manusia dalam berbagai proses seperti pengambilan keputusan (clusters of facts that are meaningful and useful to human beings in the processes such as making decisions)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Figure 1-2

Data dan Informasi

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

What Is an Information System?

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INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Aktivitas di dalam Sistem Informasi

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Fungsi Sistem Informasi

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

Gambar 1-3

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• Tergantung pada perangkat keras dan lunak komputer

• Memproses dan menyebarkan informasi (processing and disseminating information)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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• Definisi data dan prosedur yang tetap (fixed definitions of data, procedures)

• Mengumpulkan, menyimpan, memroses, menyebarkan, menggunakan data (collecting, storing, processing, disseminating, using data)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Sistem Formal

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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• Solusi organisasi dan manajemen berdasar pada teknologi informasi atas tantangan yang dilahirkan oleh lingkungan

• Instrumen penting untuk menciptakan nilai bagi sebuah organisasi

• Tahap-tahap dalam rantai nilai informasi bisnis memberi tambahan nilai bagi informasi

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Perspektif Bisnis Sistem Informasi

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Business Processes

Information Processing Activities

Business Value

Management Activities

SupplyChainManagement

EnterpriseManagement

CustomerManagement

KnowledgeManagement

DataCollectionandStorage

TransformationIntoBusinessSystems

Dissemination

Planning CoordinatingControlling Modeling andDecision Making

FirmProfitability

andStrategicPosition

Figure 1-4

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Sistem Informasi

ORGANISASIORGANISASI TEKNOLOGITEKNOLOGI

MANAJEMENMANAJEMEN

SISTEM SISTEM INFORMASIINFORMASI

Figure 1-5

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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• Melek sistem informasi (information systems literacy): Pemahaman yang luas tentang sistem informasi yang meliputi pengetahuan perilaku tentang organisasi dan individu yang menggunakan sistem informasi dan pengetahuan teknis tentang komputer

• Melek komputer (Computer literacy): Pengetahuan tentang teknologi informasi, yang terfokus pada pemahaman mengenai bagaimana teknologi berbasis-komputer bekerja

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Perspektif Bisnis Sistem Informasi

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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• Penjualan dan pemasaran (sales and marketing)

• Manufaktur (manufacturing)

• Keuangan (finance)

• Akuntansi (accounting)

• Sumberdaya manusia (human resources)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Fungsi-Fungsi Utama Bisnis

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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Elemen Kunci (Key Elements):• Orang (People): Manajer, Pekerja

berpengetahuan (knowledge workers), pekerja data (data workers), pekerja produksi atau jasa (production or service workers)

• Struktur: Bagan organisasi, kelompok spesialis, produk, geografi

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Organisasi

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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• Prosedur operasi (operating procedures): Prosedur operasi tetap (standard operating procedures) atau SOP, aturan bertindak (rules for action)

• Politik: Daya atau kemampuan untuk membujuk, membuat semua terlaksana (power to persuade, get things done)

• Budaya (culture): Kebiasaan perilaku (customs of behavior)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Organizasi

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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Level:• Manajer senior (senior managers): membuat

keputusan strategis berjangka panjang mengenai produk dan jasa (make long-range strategic decisions about products and services)

• Manajer madya (middle managers): Menjalankan program dan rencana dari manajemen senior (carry out the programs and plans of senior management)

• Manajer operasional (operational managers): memonitor aktivitas sehari-hari perusahaan (monitor the firm’s daily activities)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Manajemen

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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Peralatan yang digunakan manajer untuk berhadapan dengan perubahan (tools managers use to cope with change)

• Perangkat Keras (Hardware): Peralatan fisik (physical equipment)

• Perangkat Lunak (Software): Instruksi-instruksi rinci yang telah diprogram terlebih dahulu (detailed preprogrammed instructions)

• Perekam (Storage): Media fisik untuk menyimpan data dan perangkat lunak (physical media for storing data and the software)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Teknologi Komputer

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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• Teknologi Komunikasi: pemindahan data dari satu lokasi fisik ke lokasi lainnya (transfers data from one physical location to another)

• Jaringan (Networks): Menghubung-kan komputer-komputer untuk berbagi data dan sumber daya (link computers to share data or resources)

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Teknologi Komputer

WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Figure 1-6

TechnicalApproaches

BehavioralApproaches

ManagementScience

OperationsResearch

Sociology

Economics

ComputerScience

Psychology

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Mengoptimisasi kinerja sistem:• Teknologi dan organisasi

• Organisasi2 saling menyesuaikan satu sama lainnya hingga dicapai kesesuaian yang memuaskan

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Sistem Socio-Technical

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

SOURCE: Liker, et al, 1987Figure 1-7

Sistem socio-technical

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Ketergantungan Antara Organisasi dan Sistem Informasi

Figure 1-8

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• 1950an: Perubahan Technical

• 1960an-70an: Kendali Managerial

• 1980an-90an: Aktifitas inti Institusional

• Saat ini: Informasi digital web meluas melampaui enterprise

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Perluasan Ruang Lingkup Sistem Informasi

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Figure 1-9

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Perluasan Ruang Lingkup Sistem Informasi

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• International network of networks

• Platform teknologi universal : Setiap komputer dapat berkomunikasi dgn setiap komputer lainnya

• World Wide Web dan Web sites

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Internet

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• Communicate and collaborate

• Akses informasi

• Berpartisipasi dalam diskusi

• Memasok informasi

• Mencari hiburan

• Saling tukar transaksi bisnis

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Apa yang Dapat Anda Lakukan pada Internet?

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• Mengempiskan organisasi

• Memisahkan kerja dari lokasi

• Reorganisasi work-flows

• Meningkatkan fleksibilitas

• Mendefinisi ulang batas2 organisasi

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Beberapa Opsi Baru utk Desain Organisasi

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Figure 1-10

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Flattening Organizations & Information Systems

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Figure 1-11

Redesigned Work Flow For Insurance Underwriting

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

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• Electronic commerce

• Electronic business

• Digital market: Information systems links, buyers and sellers to exchange information, products, services, payments

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Firma Digital

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Customers• On-line marketing• On-line sales• Built-to-order products• Customer service• Sales force automation

Suppliers• Procurement• Supply chain management

Business partners• Joint design• Outsourcing

Remote offices and work groups• Communicate plans and policies• Group collaboration• Electronic communication• Scheduling

Factories• Just-in-time production• Continuous inventory

replenishment• Production planning

ELECTRONIC BUSINESS

Electronic Commerce

THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM

Figure 1-12

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• Internet links buyers, sellers

• Biaya transaksi Lebih rendah

• Barang dan layanan yg diiklankan, dibeli, dipertukarkan worldwide

• Bertambahnya transaksi business-to-business

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Electronic Commerce

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• Electronic Business: Mengeksekusi semua proses bisnis perusahaan dengan teknologi Internet

• Intranet: Bisnis membangun private, secure network berdasarkan teknologi Internet

• Extranet: Perluasan intranet ke user2 eksternal yang authorized

Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Electronic Business

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

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Management Information Systems 8/eManagement Information Systems 8/eChapter 1 Managing the Digital FirmChapter 1 Managing the Digital Firm

Information Architecture and Information Technology Infrastructure

TOWARD THE DIGITAL FIRM

Figure 1-13