SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

SIMPLE PRESENT TENE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Simple present tense is used to express the events or activities conducted today repeatedly every day. The present tense is a grammatical tense that locates a situation or event in present time.

There are three important exceptions:1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

The structure of simple past tense:Positive SentencesNegatif SentencesIntrogative Sentences

S + To be (am, is, are) +.S + To be (am, is, are) + Not + .To be (was/were) + S + .

S + Verb I + (s/es) + .S + Do/Does + Not + Verb I + .Do/Does + S + Verb I + .

Note : S for in the table is mean Subject

The Example for simple presents positive sentences:1. I eat every morning before going to school2. I help mother to wash the dirty dishes3. I go to college on a motorbike4. He buy an Angora cat with parents5. My friend borrow money to buy gasolin

Usage To Be (am, is,are) and do or does for each subject:SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TOOctober 8th, 2012

17UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

IAmYouWeAreTheySheHeIsIt

I You DoWe TheySheHe DoesItFor the 3rd person singular (He, She, It), we add S to ehemain verbor ES to the auxiliary. Ex:

She makes toys. He rakes leaves. It takes time. Mom bakes pies. Water slakes thirst. Jill loves dates. Mr. Smith fills crates. Grandpa washes plates.

For the negative sentences, after subject we use do not/ dont or does not/doesnt. If in the sentences have auxiliary like to be (am, is, are), could, might, must, ect ,we just put not after that.

For the introgative sentences, we put do or does at the fist word. If in the sentences have auxiliary like to be (am, is, are), could, might, must, ect ,we just put that at the first word.

Example: I do not drink coffee. She does not drink coffee. John Scoping does not learn english. He does not drive a bus. We do not work at night. Do you play football? Does she like eating out? Does my friend care about my problems? Is he a magician? Are the children naughty?

We use the present simple tense when: The action is general The action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future The action is not only happening now The statement is always true

In another source (http://www.englishpage.com) , we got another classification of use of simple present tense are:

USE 1 Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.Examples: I play tennis. She does not play tennis. Does he play tennis? The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. The train does not leave at 9 AM. When does the train usually leave? She always forgets her purse. He never forgets his wallet. Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. Does the Sun circle the Earth?

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.Examples: Cats like milk. Birds do not like milk. Do pigs like milk? California is in America. California is not in the United Kingdom. Windows are made of glass. Windows are not made of wood. New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.

USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well. Examples: The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. When do we board the plane? The party starts at 8 o'clock. When does class begin tomorrow?

USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.Examples: I am here now. She is not here now. He needs help right now. He does not need help now. He has his passport in his hand. Do you have your passport with you?

Signal time for use in simple past tense are:

Always As a rule Generally Normally Often Everyday (week, month, and year) In The Morning Never Sometimes Once In While Occasionally Seldom Now and Then Regullarry Steadly Frequenly Now Day

Example For Simple Present Tense:1. (+) He goes to school every morning(-) He doesnt go to school every morning(?) Does he go to school every day?2. (+) I always do my homework(-) I dont always do my homework(?) Do you always do your homework?3. (+) We are a students(-) We are not a students(?) Are we a students?4. (+) You can come to my house(-) You can not come to my house(?) Can I come to my house?5. (+) They study English every Monday(-) They dont study English every Monday(?) Do they study English every Monday?6. (+) She must go there today(-) She must not go there today(?) Must she go there today?

B. PASSIVE SIMPLE

Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." We talked about simple past before in active sentences. Now, we are talking about passive sentences of simple past tense.

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given: Object of the "active" sentence becomes subject in the "passive" sentence Subject of the "active" sentence becomes "object" in the "passive" sentence"

Active sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure:Subject + present tense form of the verb (Verb I) + objectPassive sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure:Object of the active sentence + am, is, are + past participle form of the verb (Verb III) + by + subject of the active sentence

Changing an positive sentence into the passive Active: She helps you to clean your room Passive: You are helped by her to clean your room Active: I eat rice this afternoonPassive: Rice is eaten by me this afternoon Active: We study English every nightPassive: English is studied by us every night

Changing a negative sentence into the passive Active: He dont drink water this morningPassive: Water is not drinked by him this morning Active: My brother doesnt play football every weekPassive: Football is not played by him every week Active: I dont tell you that we have any homeworkPassive: You are not told by methat we have any homework

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive Active: Do you translate the English lesson in the class?Passive: Is the English lesson translated by you in the class? Active: Does she repair this blue car?Passive: Is the blue car repaired by her? Active: Do they borrow the book?Passive: Is the book borrowed by them?

C. PREPOSITION

A preposition is a word which shows relationships among other words in the sentence. The relationships include direction, place, time, cause, manner and amount. In the sentence She went to the store, to is a preposition which shows direction. In the sentence He came by bus, by is a preposition which shows manner. In the sentence They will be here at three o'clock, at is a preposition which shows time and in the sentence It is under the table, under is a preposition which shows place.

A preposition always goes with a noun or pronoun which is called the object of the preposition. The preposition is almost always before the noun or pronoun and that is why it is called a preposition. The preposition and the object of the preposition together are called a prepositional phrase. The following chart shows the prepositions, objects of the preposition, and prepositional phrases of the sentences above.

Because there are so many possible locations, there are quite a few prepositions. Below is the complete list.

aboutaboveaccording toacrossafteragainstalong withalong amongapart fromaroundasas foratbecause ofbeforebehindbelowbeneathbesidebetweenbeyondbut*byby means ofconcerningdespitedownduringexceptexcept forexceptingforfrominin addition toin back ofin case ofin front ofin place ofinsidein spite ofinstead ofintolikenearnextofoffonontoon top ofroundsincethroughthroughouttilltotowardunderunderneathunlikeuntilupuponup towithwithinwithout

But is very seldom a preposition. When it is used as a preposition, but means the same as exceptEveryone ate frog legs but Jamie. But usually functions as a coordinating conjunction. Prepositions generally introduce prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases look like this:

Structure of preposition:preposition + optional modifiers + noun, pronoun, or gerund

Here are some examples: At schoolAt = preposition; school = noun. According to usAccording to = preposition; us = pronoun. By chewingBy = preposition; chewing = gerund. Under the stoveUnder = preposition; the = modifier; stove = noun. In the crumb-filled, rumpled sheetsIn = preposition; the, crumb-filled, rumpled = modifiers; sheets = noun.

Some phrase of preposition:1. Prepositions TimeEnglishUsageExample

on days of the week on Monday

in months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?) in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour

at for night for weekend a certain point of time (when?) at night at the weekend at half past nine

since from a certain point of time (past till now) since 1980

for over a certain period of time (past till now) for 2 years

ago a certain time in the past 2 years ago

before earlier than a certain point of time before 2004

to telling the time ten to six (5:50)

past telling the time ten past six (6:10)

to/ till/ until marking the beginning and end of a period of time from Monday to/till Friday

till/ until in the sense of how long something is going to last He is on holiday until Friday.

by in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time I will be back by 6 oclock. By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

2. Prepositions Place (Position and Direction)EnglishUsageExample

in room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world

at meaning next to, by an object for table for events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work) at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work

on attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio

by, next to, beside left or right of somebody or something Jane is standing by/ next to/ beside the car.

under on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else the bag is under the table

below lower than something else but above ground the fish are below the surface

over covered by something else meaning more than getting to the other side (also across) overcoming an obstacle put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall

above higher than something else, but not directly over it a path above the lake

across getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side walk across the bridge swim across the lake

through something with limits on top, bottom and the sides drive through the tunnel

to movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed go to the cinema go to London/ Ireland go to bed

into enter a room/ a building go into the kitchen/ the house

towards movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it) go 5 steps towards the house

onto movement to the top of something jump onto the table

from in the sense of where from a flower from the garden

3. Other important PrepositionsEnglishUsageExample

from who gave it a present from Jane

of who/what does it belong to what does it show a page of the book the picture of a palace

by who made it a book by Mark Twain

on walking or riding on horseback entering a public transport vehicle on foot, on horseback get on the bus

in entering a car / Taxi get in the car

off leaving a public transport vehicle get off the train

out of leaving a car / Taxi get out of the taxi

by rise or fall of something travelling (other than walking or horseriding) prices have risen by 10 percent by car, by bus

at for age she learned Russian at 45

about for topics, meaning what about we were talking about you

D. USED TO

There is a little confusion on how to use the words use to and used to. One reason for the confusion is that it is sometimes used as a verb, and sometimes used as an adjective. The other reason is because it seems like the tense changes. It's really quite simple when you look at it.

Used as an adjective. Use to be + used to. This means to be accustomed to. For example- I can study with the TV on. I am used to it. It means I am accustomed, adjusted, or don't mind having the TV play while I'm studying. Another example- Tim had a hard time living in Tokyo. He wasn't used to so many people. Tim didn't have experience being with big crowds of people before.

Used as a verb. Use to + verb is a regular verb and means something that happened but doesn't happen any more. It uses -ed to show past tense. But since it always means something that happened in the past, it should always use past tense. For example- I used to go to school in Paris. (I went to school there before, but now I don't.) Or, When Joshua was a child, he used to climb trees. (Now he doesn't climb trees.)

Remember, we always use this word when talking about the past. So when do you use use to without the d at the end? When the base form of the verb is used. Look at these examples- She didn't use to swim before noon. (Now she does swim before noon.) Or Did your father use to ride a horse? In these cases the past tense is shown with the did and didn't.

Sructure of used to:[used to + VERB]Example: I used to go to the beach every day.

It is better not to use "used to" in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes done in informal spoken English. It is better to ask questions and create negative sentences using Simple Past.

In another source (http://www.englishpage.com) , we got another classification of use of simple present tense are:

USE 1 Habit in the Past

"Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually done now.Examples: Jerry used to study English. Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer. I used to start work at 9 o'clock. Christine used to eat meat, but now she is a vegetarian.

USE 2 Past Facts and Generalizations

"Used to" can also be used to talk about past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.Examples: I used to live in Paris. Sarah used to be fat, but now she is thin. George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is the best. Oranges used to cost very little in Florida, but now they are quite expensive.

"Used to" vs. Simple PastBoth Simple Past and "Used to" can be used to describe past habits, past facts and past generalizations; however, "used to" is preferred when emphasizing these forms of past repetition in positive sentences. On the other hand, when asking questions or making negative sentences, Simple Past is preferred.Examples: You used to play the piano. Did you play the piano when you were young? You did not play the piano when you were young.

Active and Passive of Used ToExamples: Jerry used to pay the bills. Active The bills used to be paid by Jerry.

We use 'used to' for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.Example: I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago. Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't. I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.

We also used to for something that was true but no longer is.Example: There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't. She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off. I didn't use to like him but now I do.